Private Enrollments Shares

in Primary, Secondary, and Higher Education*, **, ***, ****

(January 2006)

Country / Private % of Total Primary Enrollment / Private % of Total Secondary Enrollment / Private % of Total HE Enrollment / Year / Private % of Total HEIs / Year / Private Univ. /Total U. Enrollment / Year / Private Univ. /Total Univ. / Year
Albania[1] / 2.8 / 4.2 / 0.2 / 2003 / 0.8 / 2003
Argentina[2] / 5.9 / 8.3 / 25.7 / 2001 / 42.9 / 2000 / 14.4 / 2003 / 55.0 / 2005
Belarus[3] / 0.2 / 0.2 / 17.3 / 2003 / 24.6 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Brazil[4] / 20.6 / 17.4 / 70.8 / 2003 / 88.9 / 2003 / 56.7 / 2003 / 51.5 / 2003
Bulgaria[5] / 2.3 / 1.6 / 15.2 / 2004 / 14.4 / 2004 / 16.7 / 2004 / 14.1 / 2004
Chile[6] / 2.3 / 2.4 / 71.0 / 2000 / 93.3 / 2000 / 58.9 / 2000 / 75.0 / 2000
China[7] / 0.3 / 0.3 / 8.9 / 2002 / 39.1 / 2002 / - / - / 0.6 / 2002
Croatia[8] / 0.4 / 0.5 / 2.7 / 2003 / 14.3 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Czech Republic[9] / 1.1 / 1.0 / 3.2 / 2003 / 49.1 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Estonia[10] / 2.3 / 4.1 / 20.3 / 2003 / 63.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Ethiopia[11] / 10.7 / 11.4 / 24.0 / 2003 / 60.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Georgia[12] / 0.2 / 0.3 / 23.8 / 2000 / 84.8 / 2000 / - / - / - / -
Germany[13] / 1.6 / 3.1 / 3.7 / 2003 / 29.5 / 2003 / 1.0 / 2003 / 24.8 / 2003
Hungary[14] / 2.4 / 2.3 / 14.2 / 2004 / 54.4 / 2004 / - / - / - / -
Israel [15] / 1.8 / 1.9 / 11.0 / 2004 / 14.0 / 2004 / 0 / 2004 / 0 / 2004
Japan[16] / - / - / 77.1 / 2000 / 86.3 / 2000 / 73.3 / 2000 / 73.7 / 2000
Kenya[17] / 9.2 / - / 9.1 / 2000 / 34.2 / 2000 / 19.3 / 2000 / 70.0 / 2000
Kyrgyzstan[18] / 0.1 / 0.1 / 7.4 / 2001 / 29.4 / 2001 / - / - / - / -
Latvia[19] / 1.9 / 1.1 / 22.9 / 2003 / 40.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Lithuania[20] / 0.6 / 0.8 / 4.5 / 2003 / 30.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
The FYR of Macedonia[21] / 0.2 / 0.5 / 3.5 / 2003 / 13.9 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Malaysia[22] / - / - / 39.1 / 2000 / 92.2 / 2000 / 7.5 / 2000 / 41.7 / 2000
Mexico[23] / 5.1 / 1.9 / 33.1 / 2003 / 69.1 / 2002 / 41.8 / 2003 / 72.7 / 2002
Moldova[24] / 0.4 / 0.4 / 20.0 / 2003 / 44.5 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Mongolia[25] / 0.6 / 0.1 / 26.0 / 2003 / 64.2 / 2003 / 8.3 / 2003 / 27.2 / 2003
New Zealand[26] / 12.9 / 17.4 / 8.1 / 2004 / 71.1 / 2004 / 0 / 2004 / 0 / 2004
Pakistan[27] / - / - / 64.0 / 2004 / 17.8 / 2000 / 15.4 / 2000 / 49.1 / 2005
Philippines[28] / 2.1 / 2.3 / 75.0 / 1999 / 81.0 / 1999 / - / - / - / -
Poland[29] / 0.6 / 1.4 / 29.4 / 2003 / 66.8 / 2003 / 3.5 / 2000 / 6.3 / 2000
Portugal [30] / - / - / 27.4 / 2004 / 64.2 / 2001 / 19.4 / 2001 / 37.0 / 2001
Romania[31] / 2.8 / 2.0 / 23.3 / 2003 / 56.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Russia[32] / 0.4 / 0.3 / 12.1 / 2003 / 37.0 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Slovak Republic[33] / 4.2 / 6.4 / 0.4 / 2003 / 4.3 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Slovenia[34] / 0.1 / 2.4 / 2.9 / 2003 / 21.5 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
South Korea[35] / 1.4 / 35.9 / 78.3 / 1994 / 87.0 / 2002 / 75.0 / 2002 / 84.1 / 2002
Taiwan[36] / - / - / 71.9 / 2004 / 65.8 / 2004 / 66.8 / 2004 / 64.1 / 2004
Thailand[37] / 14.3 / 8.2 / 33.0 / 2003 / 46.3 / 2003 / 16.8 / 2001 / 29.8 / 2003
Ukraine[38] / 0.4 / 0.4 / 12 / 2003 / 17.6 / 2003 / - / - / - / -
Uruguay[39] / 12.9 / 11.2 / 10.0 / 2000 / 42.9 / 2000 / 12.0 / 2002 / 88.9 / 2000
USA[40] / 10.8 / 9.2 / 23.2 / 2000 / 59.4 / 2000 / 35.3 / 2000 / 74.6 / 2000
Venezuela[41] / 14.3 / 25.0 / 41.3 / 2005 / 56.6 / 2004 / 21.2 / 2005 / 54.2 / 2004

* For two countries, higher education enrollment data precede 2000.

** For the details of original data and sources of higher education, and for more data, see relevant entries from PROPHE’s Miscellaneous Data collection at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/international.html. Primary and secondary private education data are as of 2002. Source: World Bank, World Bank EdStats, online at http://devdata.worldbank.org/edstats/cd2.asp.

*** Caution for Higher Education Data: Although the data come from reliable (often official) sources, criteria vary greatly across countries, so comparisons should be drawn only with caution. For example, the meaning of higher education, university, and tertiary education varies. In some databases, only accredited or at least licensed institutions are counted; in others, the figures are more broadly inclusive. There are also differences in how to count enrollments and in many other respects. Attention to such matters is keener in PROPHE’s in-depth data work on individual countries. Several additional countries will shortly be posted, with the detailed data and in-depth analysis.

**** According to available data, except in three countries (Albania, Slovak Republic, and Uruguay), the private sector of higher education level around the world has a higher percentage of total enrollment than its counterpart primary education and secondary education do although between primary and secondary education, countries seem to have different preferences to the private sector (primary education has higher percentage of enrollment in the private sector than its counterpart in secondary education in 13 of the above 40 countries).

[1] From UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education,
http://www.cepes.ro/information_services/statistics.htm

[2] HEIs include universities and tertiary institutes. Sources are: Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias for universities: http://www.me.gov.ar/spu/ and INDEC for tertiary institutes http://www.indec.mecon.ar.

[3] See 1.

[4] Source: MEC/INEP-Deaes."Sinopse da Educação Superior - 2003"; http://www.inep.gov.br/superior/censosuperior/sinopse/

[5] Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2004. National Statistical Institute. Sofia, Bulgaria

[6] See PROPHE’s Chilean case online at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/countrydata.html.

[7] Source: MOE, Beijing China, http://www.moe.gov.cn/stat/tjgongbao/report_2002.doc, 2/27/2003.

[8] See 1.

[9] See 1.

[10] See 1.

[11] Source: Higher Education Development for Ethiopia: Pursuing the Vision. Sector Study. World Bank. Jan 2003

[12] "Education, Science and Culture in Georgia: Statistical Abstract." Ministry of Economic Development of Georgia, State Department for Statistics. Tbilisi 2004.

[13] Contributed by Higher Education Compass, the German Rectors Conference (Hochschulrektorenkonferenz - HRK), available online at http://www.hrk.de/index_eng.php.

[14] Contributed by Marianna Szemerszki, through the PROPHE Regional Center for Eastern and Central Europe.

[15] Contributed by Gury Zilkha, PROPHET.

[16] See PROPHE’s Japanese case online at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/countrydata.html.

[17] Commission for Higher Education (CHE).

[18] Source: Contributed by Joseph Stetar of the PROPHE Regional Center for Eastern and Central Europe.

[19] See 1.

[20] See 1.

[21] See 1.

[22] See PROPHE’s Malaysian case online at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/countrydata.html.

[23] Sources are: ANUIES and SEP.

[24] See 1.

[25] The source is Mongolian statistical yearbook.

[26] Source: the Ministry of Education, available online at http://www.minedu.govt.nz. Primary school in NZ is defined as being years 1 to 8 and Secondary from 9 to 15.

[27] 2000 data source: Ministry of Education. Report of the Task Force on Improvement of Higher Education in Pakistan, January 2002. Pakistan. 2004 data source: IFC, EdInvest Newsletter for June 2005, World Bank. 2005 data source: Higher Education Commission, List of Recognized Institutes and Universities, online at http://www.hec.gov.pk/htmls/hei/collunilist.htm. Accessed 7/1/2005

[28] Cited in Charisse Gulosino, Occasional Paper No.68 National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education Teachers College, Columbia University Evaluating Private Higher Education in the Philippines: The Case for Choice, Equity and Efficiency.

[29] See 1.

[30] 2001 data source: Ministry of Education - DGES (Department of Higher Education). 2004 data source: OCES Observatório da Ciência e Ensino Superior.

[31] See 1.

[32] See 1.

[33] See 1.

[34] See 1.

[35] Source for 1994 data: IBRD/World-Bank. 1994. Higher Education: Lessons from Experience. Washington D. C.: World Bank. Source for 2002 data: Seung-Bo Kim and Sunwoong Kim. Private Universities in South Korea. International Higher Education, Fall 2004.

[36] Source: The Ministry of Education (MoE), Taiwan Web site: Statistics & Research/ Summary of Statistics (2003-2004): http://140.111.1.22/english/en05/other/yr04.htm

[37] Source for 2003: Ministry of Education, Thailand, presentation “Education in Thailand”, online at http://www.moe.go.th/idea/doc/EDUCATION%20IN%20THAILAND.ppt (access 7/1/2005).

[38] See 1.

[39] See PROPHE’s Uruguayan case online at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/countrydata.html.

[40] See PROPHE’s U.S. case online at http://www.albany.edu/dept/eaps/prophe/data/countrydata.html.

[41] Department of Statistics. CNU-OPSU. Source: Official Gazettes (Cuadro elaborado por el Departamento de Estadística. CNU-OPSU. Gacetas Oficiales).