Supplementary

Table S1List of active ingredients registered in Ghana as of 30th June 2013 (Source: EPA, Ghana)

No. / Active ingredient / Number of active(Brands) / Crops/Uses / Hazard class
INSECTICIDES
1 / Pirimiphos-methyl / 3 / Insecticide for the control of crawling and flying insect / III
2 / Pirimiphos-methyl + Permethrin / 3 / Insecticide for the control of insect pests in stored produce such as cowpea, soybean and maize / III
3 / Diazinon / 2 / Insecticide for the control of capsids and insect pests in cocoa, vegetables / II
4 / Bifenthrin / 1 / Insecticide for the control of capsids and insect pests in cocoa / II
5 / Lambda-cyhalothrin / 24 / Insecticide for the control of insect pest in vegetables, flowers, cowpea, soybean and public health purposes / II
6 / Dimethoate / 5 / Insecticide for the control of mealbugs, mites, aphids, plant bugs, fruit flies, leaf miners, thrips, greenflies and borer larvae in vegetables, pineapple and ornamentals / II
7 / Cypermethrin + Dimethoate / 5 / Insecticide for control of aphids, caterpillars, whitefly, grasshoppers, bollworms in vegetables and cotton / II
8 / Cypermethrin / 3 / Insecticide for control of bollworms, caterpillar, aphids and thrip vegetables / II
9 / Deltamethrin / 4 / Insecticide for control of residual insect pests of dry cocoa beans and other residual insects / II
10 / Chlorpyrifos-ethyl / 16 / Insecticide for the control of scale, borers, in cereals, vegetables ornamentals, insect pests in pineapple and for public health purposes / II
11 / Cyfluthrin / 3 / Insecticide public health purposes / II
12 / Fenvelarate / 7 / Insecticide for the control of insect pest in vegetables, cowpea etc / II
13 / Fenitrothion + Fenvalerate / 2 / Insecticide for the control of insect pests of vegetables and public health purposes / II
14 / Acetamiprid + Lambda cyhalothrin / 2 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables and fruit crops / U
15. / Chlorpyrifos-ethyl + cypermethrin / 1 / Insecticide for the control of insect pest in vegetables / II
16. / Dimefluthrin / 2 / Insecticide for control of mosquitoes / III
17. / Aluminum phosphide / 8 / Insecticide for control of insect pests in stored grains / Ib
18. / Chlorpyrifos + Deltamethrin / 1 / Insecticide for control of insect pests of vegetables and field crops / II
19. / Imidacloprid / 7 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables / II
20. / Emamectin benzoate / 3 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables / III
21. / Oxymatmathrin / 1 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables and fruit crops / III
22. / Acetamiprid + Cypermethrin / 1 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables and horticulture / II
23. / Bendiocarb / 1 / Insecticide for Public health purposes / II
24. / Prefenofos + cypermethrin / 1 / Insecticide for the control of pests in vegetables / II
25. / Lambda cyhalothrin + Thiamethoxam / 1 / Foliar insecticide for control of sucking and chewing insects in citrus, cotton, potato, watermelon and vegetables / III
26. / Imidacloprid + beta cyfluthrin / 2 / Insecticide for control of Lepidoptea, sucking insects, mites in cotton and vegetables / III
27. / Spirotetramat + flubendiamide / 1 / Insecticide for control of Lepidoptea, sucking insects, mites in cotton and vegetables / III
28. / Imidacloprid + Thiram / 1 / Insecticide/Fungicide for seed treatment / III
29. / Emamectin Benzoate + Imidacloprid / 1 / Insecticide for control of insect pest on vegetables / II
30. / Acetamiprid / 4 / Insecticide for control of insect pests on vegetables / III
31. / Thiamethoxam / 2 / Insecticide for control of insect pests on vegetables / III
32. / Bifenthrin + Acetamiprid / 1 / Insecticide for control of cocoa capsids / II
33. / Pyrethrum / 1 / Insecticides for the control of Aphids, caterpillars and whiteflies on organic flowers, fruits and vegetables / II
34. / Alpha-cypermethrin / 6 / Insecticide for the control of mosquitoes and cockroaches and other public health pests / II
35. / Imidacloprid +Terbuconazole / 1 / Insecticide/fungicide for control of insect pests on vegetables and cereals / U
36. / Carbofuran / 2 / Insecticide/nematicide for the control of nematodes in rice, vegetables, symphylids in pineapples and oil palm / II
37. / Magnesium Phosphide / 1 / Insecticide for the control of pests in stored grains / Ib
38. / Deltamethrin + D-allethrin +Piperonyl butoxide / 1 / Control of insect pests in stored cocoa beans and for public health purposes / III
39. / Malathion / 2 / Insecticide/acaricide for the control of insect pests in stored grains / II
40. / Thiocyclam oxalate / 1 / Insecticide for the control of leaf miner in oil palm / II
41. / Fenitrothion / 1 / Insecticide for the control of chewing, sucking and boring insects and flies in tropical fruits, cereals, vegetables and animal houses / III
42. / Fipronil / 6 / Broad spectrum insecticides for control of insects in cabbage, onion, egg plant, maize and for termites / II
43. / Verticullum lecanti 1.15% / 1 / Micro insecticide for the control of mealy bugs in papaya / II
44. / Permethrin / 1 / Insecticide for wood treatment / III
45. / Cupricoxide + Arsenic pentoxide + chromium trioxide / 1 / Insecticide for wood treatment / II
46. / Perisrapae Granulosis Virus + Bacillus thuringiensis / 1 / Bio-insecticide for the control of diamondback beetle and Pieris rapae in cabbage / U
47. / Bifenthrin + cypermethrin / 1 / Paint containing insecticides for control of flies and spiders / II
48. / Abamectin / 1 / Miticide and insecticide / II
49. / Noveluron + Bifenthrin / 1 / Insecticide for control of cocoa capsids / II
50. / Chlorpyrifos + Lambda cyhalothrin / 1 / Insecticide for control of scale, borers in cereals, vegetables, ornamentals and for public health purposes / II
51. / Lambda cyhalothrin + Dimethoate / 1 / Insecticide for control of insects on vegetables / II
52. / Oxamyl / 2 / Insecticide/nematicide for vegetables / II
53. / Cadusafos / 1 / Insecticide/nematicide for control of nematodes in plantain, banana and pineapples / II
54. / Metarhizium anisopliae, ICIPE / 1 / Biological insecticide for control of fruit flies and mealy bug in papaya / U
55. / Novaluron / 2 / Insecticide for cabbage, tomato and pepper / III
56. / Bacillus thuringiensis / 2 / Insecticide for the management of plutella xyslotella in cabbage / U
57. / Ethoprophos / 1 / Insecticide/Nematicide for pineapples and vegetables / Ib
58. / Permethrin + Tetramethrin / 1 / Insecticide for public health purpose / III
59. / Acephate / 1 / Insecticide for the control of insect pests in tobacco and ornamentals / III
60. / Propoxur / 1 / Indoor residual spray for the control of Malaria vector mosquitoes and other household pests / II
61. / Temephos / 1 / Insecticide for the control of mosquito and guinea worm larvae in exposed water masses / III
HERBICIDES
1. / Glyphosate / 54 / Herbicide for control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables / III
2. / Paraquat dichloride / 25 / Herbicide for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses. / II
3. / Atrazine / 16 / Herbicide for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds / III
4. / 2,4-D amine salts / 14 / Herbicide for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds / III
5. / Nicosulfuran / 3 / Herbicide for control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables / U
6. / Acetachlor + Atrazine + terbutylaxine / 1 / Herbicide for control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables / U
7. / Fluazifop-p-buthyl / 2 / Selective herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses in broadleaf crops. / III
8. / Ametryn + Triazine / 1 / Selective herbicide for the control of broadleaf weeds in rice, maize, sorghum, millet and sugarcane. / III
9. / Pendimethalin / 6 / Herbicide for the control of pre-emergence weeds in rice, maize, cotton and soybean. / III
10. / Bromacil / 3 / Herbicide for the control of pre-emergence weeds in pineapple. / III
11. / Pretilachlor + Pyribenzoxim / 1 / Herbicide for the control of annual grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds in wet sown and transplanted rice / III
12. / Trichlopyr / 2 / Selective herbicide for the control of broadleaf weeds in oil palm and pastures / III
13. / Acetachlor + Simazine / 1 / Herbicide for control of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds / III
14. / Bromacil +Diuron / 1 / Herbicide for control of weeds in pineapple / II
15. / Atrazine + Nicosulfuron / 1 / Herbicide for control of annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds in cereal / III
16. / Propanil + 2,4-D / 2 / Systemic broad spectrum contact herbicide for the control of broadleaf weeds in rice / II
17. / Imazapyr / 1 / Herbicide for the control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in non-crop areas / III
18. / Bensulfuron-methyl +Quincloac / 1 / Herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses and broad leaved weeds / III
19. / Diuron / 9 / Herbicide for control of weeds in pineapple / II
20. / Metolachlor + Terbutryn / 1 / Non-selective systemic and pre-emergent herbicide for the control of weeds in cereals / III
21. / Bensulfuron-methyl + Acetachlor / 1 / Herbicide for the control of grassy weeds in rice / III
22. / Propanil + 2,4-D Isobutylate / 1 / Herbicide for control of post –emergent grasses and broadleaf weeds in maize / III
23. / Haloxyfop-R-methyl / 1 / Post-emergent herbicide for the control of annual and perennial weed in cereals and vegetables / III
24. / Glyphosate + Oxyfluorfen / 1 / Broad spectrum weed control against annual grass and broadleaf leaves / III
25. / Bensulfuron-methyl / 1 / Systemic herbicide for pre and post emergence control of annual and perennial broad leaved and sedges weeds in rice / III
26. / Bispyribac sodium / 1 / Herbicide for control of emerged annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedges and grassess / III
27. / Butachlor / 1 / Pre-emergence herbicide for soybeans, cotton, rice, groundnut and vegetables / III
28. / Propanil / 6 / Herbicide for control of post emergent annual weeds in rice / III
29. / Mestrione + s-metalachlor + atrazine / 1 / Herbicide for the control of weeds in maize production / II
30. / Propaquizafop / 1 / Herbicide for the control of grasses / III
31. / Cycloxydim / 1 / Herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses in cereals and vegetables / U
FUNGICIDES
1 / Thiophanate-methyl / 2 / Fungicide for control of fungal diseases in various crop / III
2. / Mancozeb / 10 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, fruits, ornamentals and field crop / III
3. / Carbendazim / 2 / Fungicide for control of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds / III
4. / Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole / 1 / Systemic fungicide for control of fungal diseases in vegetables / III
5. / Fosetyl Alminium / 3 / Fungicide for the control of mildew and phytophtora diseases of vegetables, fruits tree crops and pineapples / III
6. / Mancozeb + Metalaxyl / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, fruits, ornamentals and field crops / III
7. / Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, fruits, ornamentals and field crops. / III
8. / Permethrin + Carbendazim + Chlorothalonil / 1 / Fungicide for seed treatment / III
9. / Azoxystrobin / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables / III
10. / Terbuconazole / 2 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables / III
11. / Cymoxanil + Propineb / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, fruits and ornamentals / III
12. / Metalaxyl + Copper (I) oxide / 2 / Fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, fruits and ornamentals / III
13. / Benalaxyl-M + cuprous oxide / 1 / Fungicide for the control of Phytophtora megakarya in cocoa / III
14. / Dimethomorph + Chlorothalonil / 1 / Fungicide for the control of insect pest in vegetables / U
15. / Copper hydroxide / 2 / Fungicide for the control of Phytophtora sp. In cocoa. / III
16. / Dichlofluanid / 1 / Fungicide and algaecide for wood preservation / U
17. / Maneb / 2 / Fungicide for control of leaf spots, downy mildew and fruit rots in cereals, vegetables and ornamentals / III
18. / Sulphur + Copper / 1 / Fungicide/miticide for control of disease in vegetables and fruits / III
19. / Tridimefon / 1 / Fungicide for the control of post harvest diseases in pineapples / U
20. / Propiconazole / 1 / Fungicide for the control of fungal diseases in banana / III
21. / Folpet / 1 / Broad spectrum fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, field crops and ornamentals / III
22. / Captan / 1 / Broad spectrum fungicide for control of diseases in fruits, coffee, vegetables and ornamentals / III
23. / Folpet + Triadimenol / 1 / Broad spectrum fungicide for control of diseases in vegetables, field crops and ornamentals / III
24. / Fenpropimorph / 1 / Fungicide for the control of black and yellow sigatoka in banana / III
25. / Trichoderma asperellum / 1 / Microbial fungicide for the control of fungal diseases in citrus, mango and pineapples / U
26. / Cuprous oxide / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in cocoa and coffee / III
27. / Metalaxyl-M + cuprous oxide / 1 / Fungicide for control of diseases in cocoa / III
PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR
1. / Ethephon / 4 / Plant growth regulator / U
2. / Gibberellic acid / 2 / Plant growth regulator / U
MOLLUSCICIDE
1. / Acetic metaldehyde + donatonium / 1 / Molluscicide for control of snails, slugs and other gastropods / III
RODENTICIDE
1. / Brodifacoum + Denatonium benzoate / 2 / Rodenticide for the control of rodents and mites / II
2. / Flocoumafen / 1 / Rodenticide for control of rodents in premises / Ib
3. / Brodifacoum / 2 / Rodenticide for the control of rodents and mites / II
Banned Pesticides in Ghana
1 / 2,4,5-T and its salts and esters
2. / Aldrin
3. / Binapacryl
4. / Captafol
5. / Chlordane
6. / Chlordimeform
7. / Chlorobenzilate
8. / DDT
9. / Dieldrin
10. / Dinoseb and its salts and esters
11. / Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) and its salts (such as ammonium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt)
12. / Endrin
13. / HCH (mixed isomers)
14. / Heptachlor
15. / Hexachlorobenzene
16. / Parathion
17. / Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters
18. / Toxaphene
19. / Mirex
20. / Methamidophos (soluble liquid formulations of the substance that exceed 600 g active ingredient/l)
21. / Methyl-parathion (emulsifiable concentrates (EC) with at or above 19.5% active ingredient and dust at or above 1.5% active ingredient)
22. / Monocrotophos (soluble liquid formulations of the substance that exceed 600 g active ingredient/l)
23. / Parathion [all formulation – aerosols, dustable powder (DP), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), granules (GR) and wettable powders (WP) – of this substance are included, except capsule suspensions (CS)]
24. / Phosphamidon (Soluble liquid formulation of the substance that exceed 1000g active ingredient/l)
25. / Dustable powder formulation containing a combination of Benomyl at or above 7%, Carbofuran at or above 10% and Thiram at or above 15%
26. / Methyl Bromide.