A/HRC/WG.6/28/ZMB/1
A/HRC/WG.6/28/ZMB/1Advance version / Distr.: General
26 October 2017
Original: English
Human Rights Council
Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review
Twenty-eighth session
6–17 November 2017
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21[*]
Zambia
Foreword
Zambia’s commitment to uphold the protection and promotion of human rights is heightening. During the period under review, this was motivated by the amendment of the Constitution of Zambia by Parliament that followed a rigorous consultation process. Although the Bill of Rights which was subjected to a Referendum alongside the General Election of 2016 was not successful as it did not meet the required threshold, Zambia remains resolute on enhancing human rights for the well-being of all persons without distinction as to the race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
As part of its commitment to the protection and promotion of human rights, Zambia endeavoured to implement a number of recommendations which were agreed upon during the second cycle of the Universal Periodic Review.
Zambia’s achievements in implementing some of the recommendations were complemented by the United Nations Systems which provided appropriate support within their areas of mandates. The Government, in conjunction with Civil Society Organisation, also carried out awareness campaigns that provided basic information about human rights in order to encourage all persons to be more proactive in claiming their human rights. However, Zambia was unable to meet some of the pledges the nation made due to completing needs.
In further advancement of human rights, Zambia has also pledged to continue addressing the outstanding challenges that may inhibit the fulfilment of human rights under the Seventh National Development Plan (7NDP: 2017-2021).
The third cycle of the Universal Periodic Review highlights the achievements on the implementation of the agreed recommendations from the second cycle and some of the strategies under the 7NDP for protection and promotion of human rights in Zambia.
Hon. Given Lubinda, M.P
Minister of Justice
Republic of Zambia
Acronyms
ACC: Anti-Corruption Commission
CAT: Convention Against Torture
CAMFED: Campaign for Female Education
CSO: Central Statistical Office
CSOs: Civil Society Organisations
CESCR: Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DSW: Department of Social Welfare
GBV: Gender-Based Violence
GIDD: Gender in Development Division
GRZ: Government of the Republic of Zambia
HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HRC: Human Rights Commission
IBA: Independence Broadcasting Authority
ICC: International Criminal Court
ICERD: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
IOM: International Organisation for Migration
ILO: International Labour Organisation
JCC: Judicial Complaints Commission
LCMS: Living Conditions Monitoring Survey
LEA: Law Enforcement Agencies
LIMS: Land Information Management System
MLNREP: Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
MoF: Ministry of Finance
OP-CAT: Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture
OP-CEDAW: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
OP-CRC-AC: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
OP-CRC-SC: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
OPIC: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure
OP-ICCPR: Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
NELMP: National Employment and Labour Market Policy
NPA: National Prosecution Authority
PLEED: Program for Legal Empowerment and Enhanced Justice Delivery
PPCC: Police Public Complaints Commission
SADC: Southern Africa Development Community
7NDP: Seventh National Development Plan
SI: Statutory Instrument
SCTS: Social Cash Transfer Scheme
SDG: Sustainable Development Goals
STI/TB: Sexually Transmitted Infection / Tuberculosis
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF: United Nations Children’s fund
UN: United Nations
VSU: Victim Support Unit
ZLDC: Zambia Law Development Commission
ZP-CPU: Zambia Police Child Protection Unit
ZCS: Zambia Correctional Service
ZDHS: Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
ZEMA: Zambia Environmental Management Agency
ZPS: Zambia Prisons Service
Contents
Page
Foreword 2
Acronyms 3
I. Process for the preparation of the report 6
II. Implementation of recommendations from the previous cycles 7
A. Full implementation of recommendations 7
B. Partial implementation of recommendations 22
C. Pending recommendations 23
D. Noted recommendations 24
E. New and emerging issues 25
F. Status of implementation of voluntary pledges 26
G. Challenges which would require the support of the international community 27
Conclusion 27
References 29
List of tables
Table 3.1 Status on Pardoning and Commutation of Prisoners to Life Imprisonment
Table 3.2 Trends of Human Trafficking for the period 2012-2016
Table 3.3 State Land Offers by Province and Sex, 2011-2013
Table 3.4 Statistical Data on Convictions for reported incidents of rape and defilement
Table 3.5 Budgetary Allocations and Releases for Human Rights Commission for the Period January 2013 to December 2016
List of figures
Figure 3.1 Honouring of the Abuja Declaration for the Health Sector: 2012-2017
Figure 3.2 Education Budget Sector Allocation: 2012–2017
Figure 3.3 Graphical Representation of Statistical Data on Convictions of Rape and Defilements
I. Process for the preparation of the report
Introduction
1. This Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Report was prepared by the Government of the Republic of Zambia through the Ministry of Justice in line with Gazette Notice No. 836 of 2016. This Gazette Notice mandates the Ministry of Justice to deal with matters relating to human rights and governance.
2. The Human Rights Council of the United Nations passed resolution 16/21 which was adopted on 25 March 2011, to provide that the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) should focus on, among other things, the implementation of the accepted recommendations and developments of the human rights situations in the States under review. Therefore, in the second cycle of the Universal Periodic Review, recommendations were upheld by Zambia and this Report now aims to address the recommendations which were agreed upon in the second cycle of the Universal Periodic Review.
Methodology
3. In order to respond to the recommendations from the second cycle of the Universal Periodic Review, the Ministry of Justice conducted stakeholder consultations with government institutions and civil society organisations. Following the stakeholder consultations, all information was collated and compiled into a draft Report. Finally, a validation workshop was held where all stakeholders who were consulted in the initial stage were then invited to a five-day validation workshop to confirm the content of the draft Report and to provide updated information. The Report was then finalised by the Ministry of Justice and submitted to Cabinet for approval.
National follow-up process
4. During the period under review, Zambia had no standing coordinating body for implementation and reporting of the UPR activities. However, the Ministry of Justice in conjunction with key stakeholders assumed the role of monitoring related activities under the mandate of the Governance Sector Advisory Group through the National Development Planning.
Institutional consultations
5. The Government held a workshop through a joint programme with members of the Civil Society Organisations responsible for the promotion of human rights in Zambia in March 2017. The purpose of the workshop was to review the recommendations from the second cycle of the UPR, to raise awareness of the UPR process to the general public, and to reach consensus between the Government and CSOs for implementing the UPR.
Data/ information collection
6. The Ministry of Justice conducted desk reviews of the information which was in line with the agreed recommendations from the second cycle of the UPR. Further, the Ministry of Justice requested various institutions to provide evidence-based information/ data on the progress made in implementing the corresponding recommendations on human rights.
Compilation of the report and validation
7. The information collected was compiled into a draft UPR Report. The draft UPR Report was then subjected to validation by relevant stakeholders, including Civil Society Organisations. All comments from the validation workshop were incorporated into the final report.
II. Implementation of recommendations from the previous cycles
Introduction
8. This part of the Report analyses recommendations that were supported by Zambia during the second cycle of the UPR and is divided into the following sections:
(a) Full implementation of recommendations;
(b) Partial implementation of recommendations;
(c) Pending recommendations;
(d) Noted recommendations;
(e) New and emerging issues;
(f) Status of implementation of voluntary pledges; and
(g) Challenges which would require the support of the international community.
9. The recommendations are further divided according to their respective thematic areas.
A. Full implementation of recommendations
1. Theme A28: Cooperation with other international mechanisms and institutions
Cooperation with the mechanisms of the United Nations
10. There is robust cooperation between the UN Systems and key stakeholders in the UPR process. The UNDP has supported awareness creation on UPR in all provinces. Whilst UNFPA has facilitated capacity building on sexual reproductive health and rights; and the UPR process.
Engagement with the United Nations Human Rights Office
11. Zambia’s main engagements with the United Nations Human Rights Office have been through local interactions with UN agencies. In June 2015, a multi-stakeholder working group was created to advance public dialogue on the implications of the implementation of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the roles that each private business organisation had to play in the process.
12. Other key engagements with the UN Human Rights Office relate to the visits by Special Rapporteurs. For instance, in April 2016, Zambia hosted the Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities.
2. Theme A2A: Voluntary human rights goals and other commitments
Steps to honour its commitments under the Abuja Declaration with a view to provide adequate resources for the health sector
13. Zambia did not reach the threshold of 15% of budget allocation set to honour the Abuja Declaration for the health sector as shown in Figure 3.1. The highest percentage reached was 11.3 percent in 2013 while the lowest was 8.3 percent in 2016. The average of the trend for the period of analysis was 10.5 percent.
Source: National Budget (Zambia)
3. Theme A41: Constitutional and legislative framework
Reviewing of national laws to bring them in line with international human rights obligations
14. Zambia has reviewed and formulated legislation in its efforts to align its domestic laws with international human rights obligations. During the period under review, the following national laws have been enacted:
(a) Persons with Disabilities Act No. 6 of 2012;
(b) Higher Education Act, 2013;
(c) Gender Equity and Equality Act No. 22 of 2015;
(d) Public Protector Act No. 15 of 2016;
(e) Passports Act No. 28 of 2016; and
(f) Refugees Law under Refugees Act No. 1 of 2017.
15. Zambia also enacted the Ratification of International Agreements Act No. 34 of 2016, which provides for the procedure for ratification and domestication of international agreements.
4. Theme A44: Structure of the national human rights machinery
Efforts to strengthen the national mechanism for the advancement of women
16. In fulfilling its obligation to promote and enhance the rights of women, Zambia has put in place legal, administrative and policy measures. Among these measures is the introduction of progressive clauses in the Constitution such as the establishment of the Gender Equity and Equality Commission; enactment of enabling legislation (Gender Equity and Equality Act) which domesticates appropriate clauses of CEDAW; the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa; and SADC Protocol on Gender and Development.
17. Zambia has also established the coordinating Ministry (Ministry of Gender) and the formulation of the National Gender Policy; and introduced Focal Point Persons in all Ministries, Provinces and other Spending Agencies meant to strengthen the national mechanism for the advancement of women.
5. Theme A47: Good governance
Continue working on its capacity-building programme for good governance
18. Zambia has in place coordinated bodies which undertake capacity-building programs for good governance for legal enforcement agencies. Notable among such bodies are the following:
(a) Program for Legal Empowerment and Enhanced Justice Delivery (PLEED);
(b) Human Rights Organisations; and
(c) Civil Society Organisations.
19. In addition, the Government, in collaboration with the Human Rights Commission and CSOs conducts capacity building workshops in Human Rights, Gender and Development, and Psycho-Social Counselling.
Lobby for and implement access to information legislation to encourage greater transparency and government ability
20. During the period under review, Zambia reports that it has formulated the Freedom of Information Bill which now awaits to be enacted.
Establish or strengthen independent public accountability mechanisms which contribute to the fight against corruption
21. The following public accountability mechanisms exist in Zambia:
(a) Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC);
(b) Office of the Public Protector;
(c) Office of the Auditor General;
(d) National Assembly of Zambia; and
(e) Civil Society Organisations.
22. Since the previous review, the following measures have been put in place to strengthen these institutions:
• Re-instatement of the offence of Abuse of Office;
• Establishment of Integrity Committees in public institutions;
• Decentralisation of the Office of the Public Protector to the provinces and progressively to districts; and
• Strengthening of the Public Accounts Committee of the National Assembly.
23. Additionally, Zambia established the National Prosecution Authority (NPA) and decentralised the NPA to all provinces resulting in improved efficiency and effectiveness in the prosecution of crimes.
6. Theme A5: Human rights education, trainings and awareness raising
Continue efforts to ensure that human rights education is effectively included into the primary and secondary education curriculum
24. Human rights has been included in the school curriculum from primary to secondary levels of education. Further, Zambia has created an enabling environment for other stakeholders such as CSOs to undertake human rights education and awareness activities countrywide. The Government has continued to improve human rights education efforts by including human rights topics in the curriculum of the Defence and Security divisions of Government.