ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Table1.WCC construction phase– Materials
Material / Ecoinventdataset / kg / g/kWhMECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / Aluminium, primary, at plant/RER U / 282.00 / 2.82E-03
Brass / Brass, at plant/CH U / 0.02 / 2.27E-07
Copper / Copper, primary, at refinery/RER U / 112.80 / 1.13E-03
Epoxyresin / epoxy resin, liquid, at plant / 0.30 / 2.98E-06
Fiberglass / glass fibre reinforced plastic, polyester resin, hand lay-up, at plant / 180.00 / 1.80E-03
Galvanizedsteel / Galvanized steel sheets, at plant/RNA / 36.00 / 3.60E-04
Iron / castiron,atplant / 113.33 / 1.13E-03
Iron Nichel steel / iron,nichel, chromium alloy, at plant / 455.89 / 4.56E-03
lubricantoil / Lubricating oil, at plant/RER U / 17.00 / 1.70E-04
Otherpolymers / Polyethylene HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE / 28.20 / 2.82E-04
Rubber / Syntheticrubber,atplant / 0.23 / 2.27E-06
Stainlesssteel / chromiumsteel 18/8,atplant / 505.18 / 5.05E-03
Steel / steel, low-alloyed, at plant / 2,875.68 / 2.88E-02
H2O CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
Galvanized Steel / Galvanized steel sheets, at plant/RNA / 2,550.00 / 2.55E-02
Polymericadhesive / Adhesive for metals, at plant/DE U / 4.00 / 4.00E-05
PVC / PVC pipe A / 1,002.67 / 1.00E-02
Stainlesssteel / chromiumsteel 18/8,atplant / 74.67 / 7.47E-04
Wood / Scots pine (grenen) I / 1,411.20 / 1.41E-02
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / Aluminium, primary, at plant/RER U / 5.60 / 5.60E-05
Concrete / Concrete, normal, at plant/CH U / 48,498.67 / 4.85E-01
Fiberglass / glass fibre reinforced plastic, polyester resin, hand lay-up, at plant / 21,635.20 / 2.16E-01
Nylon / Nylon 66,atplant / 0.84 / 8.53E-06
Polyester / Polyester (unsat) I / 3,676.00 / 3.68E-02
PVC / PVC film (calendered) A / 8,947.20 / 8.95E-02
Stainlesssteel / chromiumsteel 18/8,atplant / 1,030.13 / 1.03E-02
Table2.WCC construction phase – Transport
t-km / kg-km/kWhMECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Components to factory (truck) / 138.19 / 1.38E-03
Scenario 1 / Truck / 5,228.77 / 5.23E-02
Container ship / - / -
Scenario 2 / Truck / 94.78 / 9.48E-04
Aircraft / 2,820.00 / 2.82E-02
H2O CIRCUIT COMPONENTS / Truck / 151.27 / 1.51E-03
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Components to factory (truck) / 1,060.37 / 1.06E-02
Scenario 1 / Truck / 70,589.97 / 7.06E-01
Container ship / - / -
Scenario 2 / Truck / 2,823.59 / 2.82E-02
Aircraft / 59,295.58 / 5.93E-01
Table3. WCC operating phase
Item / Ecoinventdataset / m3 / l/kWhCooling Water / Water unspecified origin, ES / 300.000 / 3.00
Cooling Water / Water completely softened, at plant, RER/U / 300.000 / 3.00
Item / Dataset / kWh / kWh/kWh
WCC powerconsumption / Electricity production CSP plant_MACCSol / 1,298,500 / 0.012984
Table4.WCC end of life phase
kg / g/kWhMaterial / Recycle / Landfill / Incineration / Recycle / Landfill / Incineration
MECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / 225.60 / 42.30 / 14.10 / 2.26E-03 / 4.23E-04 / 1.41E-04
Brass / 0.02 / 2.27E-07
Copper / 101.52 / 11.28 / 1.02E-03 / 0.00E+00 / 1.13E-04
epoxyresin / 0.30 / 2.98E-06
Fiberglass / 180.00 / 1.80E-03
Galvanizedsteel / 33.48 / 2.52 / 3.35E-04 / 2.52E-05
Iron / 105.40 / 7.93 / 1.05E-03 / 7.93E-05
Iron Nichel steel / 423.98 / 31.91 / 4.24E-03 / 3.19E-04
lubricantoil / 17.00 / 1.70E-04
Otherpolymers / 13.25 / 7.05 / 7.90 / 1.33E-04 / 7.05E-05 / 7.89E-05
Rubber / 0.11 / 0.06 / 0.06 / 1.07E-06 / 5.67E-07 / 6.35E-07
Stainlesssteel / 469.81 / 35.36 / 4.70E-03 / 3.54E-04
Steel / 2,674.39 / 201.30 / 2.67E-02 / 2.01E-03
H2O CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
Galvanizedsteel / 7.44 / 0.56 / 7.44E-05 / 5.60E-06 / 7.44E-05
Hot DipGalvanized Steel / 2,364.06 / 177.94 / 2.36E-02 / 1.78E-03 / 2.36E-02
Polymericadhesive / 4.00 / 4.00E-05
PVC / 471.25 / 250.67 / 4.71E-03 / 2.51E-03 / 2.81E-03 / 4.71E-03
Stainlesssteel / 69.44 / 5.23 / 6.94E-04 / 5.23E-05 / 6.94E-04
Wood / 1,411.20 / 1.41E-02
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / 4.48 / 0.84 / 0.28 / 4.48E-05 / 8.40E-06 / 2.80E-06
Concrete / 48,498.67 / 4.85E-01
Fiberglass / 21,635.20 / 2.16E-01
Nylon / 0.39 / 0.21 / 0.24 / 6.27E-08 / 3.33E-08 / 3.73E-08
Polyester / 1,727.72 / 919.00 / 1.029.28 / 3.95E-06 / 2.10E-06 / 2.35E-06
PVC / 4,205.18 / 2,236.80 / 2.505.22 / 1.73E-02 / 9.19E-03 / 1.03E-02
Stainlesssteel / 958.02 / 72.11 / 4.20E-02 / 2.24E-02 / 2.50E-02
Table5. ACC construction phase – Materials
Material / Ecoinventdataset / kg / g/kWhMECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / Aluminium, primary, at plant/RER U / 51.73523 / 5.22E-04
Copper / Copper, primary, at refinery/RER U / 20.69409 / 2.09E-04
Epoxyresin / epoxy resin, liquid, at plant / 0.349562 / 3.52E-06
Fiberglass / glass fibre reinforced plastic, polyester resin, hand lay-up, at plant / 248.1893 / 2.50E-03
Iron / castiron,atplant / 132.8337 / 1.34E-03
Iron Nichel steel / iron,nichel, chromium alloy, at plant / 284.8933 / 2.87E-03
Otherpolymers / Polyethylene HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE / 5.173523 / 5.22E-05
Stainlesssteel / chromiumsteel 18/8,atplant / 458.0386 / 4.62E-03
Steel / reinforcingsteel,atplant / 552.0092 / 5.56E-03
Steel / steel, low-alloyed, at plant / 476.8736 / 4.81E-03
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / Aluminium, primary, at plant/RER U / 20,569.65 / 2.07E-01
Polyethilene / 650.186 / 6.55E-03
Steel / reinforcingsteel,atplant / 36,004.92 / 3.63E-01
Steel / steel, low-alloyed, at plant / 7,907.101 / 8.07E-02
Table6.ACC construction phase – Transport
t-km / kg-km/kWhMECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Components to factory (truck) / 981.45 / 9.89E-03
Scenario 1 / Truck / 75,054.12 / 7.57E-01
Container ship / - / -
Scenario 2 / Truck / 2.862.09 / 2.89E-02
Aircraft / 56,630.70 / 5.71E-01
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS / Truck / 10,110.69 / 1.02E-01
Table7.ACC operating phase
Item / Dataset / kWh / kWh/kWhACC power consumption / Electricity production CSP plant_MACCSol / 1,987,600 / 0.020037
Table8.ACC end of life phase
kg / g/kWhMaterial / Recycle / Landfill / Incineration / Recycle / Landfill / Incineration
MECHANICAL/ELCTRICAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / 41.39 / 7.76 / 2.59 / 4.17E-04 / 7.82E-05 / 2.61E-05
Copper / 18.62 / 2.07 / 1.88E-04 / 2.09E-05
Epoxyresin / 0.35 / 3.52E-06
Fiberglass / 248.19 / 2.50E-03
Iron / 123.54 / 9.30 / 1.25E-03 / 9.37E-05
Iron Nichel steel / 264.95 / 19.94 / 2.67E-03 / 2.01E-04
Otherpolymers / 2.43 / 1.29 / 1.45 / 2.45E-05 / 1.30E-05 / 1.46E-05
Stainlesssteel / 425.98 / 32.06 / 4.29E-03 / 3.23E-04
Steel / 513.37 / 38.64 / 5.18E-03 / 3.90E-04
Steel / 443.49 / 33.38 / 4.47E-03 / 3.37E-04
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Aluminium / 16,455.72 / 3.085.45 / 1.028.48 / 1.66E-01 / 3.11E-02 / 1.04E-02
Polyethilene / 305.59 / 162.55 / 182.05 / 3.08E-03 / 1.64E-03 / 1.84E-03
Steel / 33,484.58 / 2.520.34 / 3.38E-01 / 2.54E-02
Steel / 7,353.60 / 553.50 / 7.41E-02 / 5.58E-03
Table9. MACC construction phase – Materials
Material / Ecoinventdataset / kg / g/kWhAdhesive / Adhesive for metals, at plant/DE U / 14.78 / 1.42E-04
Aluminium / Aluminium, primary, at plant/RER U / 1,693.44 / 1.63E-02
Aluminium / Aluminium, production mix, at plant/RER U / 4,651.58 / 4.48E-02
Brass / Brass, at plant/CH U / 26.21 / 2.52E-04
Bronze / Bronze, at plant/CH U / 26.21 / 2.52E-04
Cable / Cable, three-conductor cable, at plant/GLO U / 10.08 / 9.70E-05
Copper / Copper, primary, at refinery/RER U / 2,987.04 / 2.88E-02
Electronic component / Electronic component, unspecified, at plant/GLO U / 299.71 / 2.89E-03
Epoxyresin / Epoxy resin, liquid, at plant/RER U / 178.75 / 1.72E-03
Fiberglass / Glass fibre reinforced plastic, polyamide, injection moulding, at plant/RER U / 241.25 / 2.32E-03
Gold / Gold, at regional storage/RER U / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Insulatingmaterial / Tube insulation,elastomere, at plant/DE U / 18.82 / 1.81E-04
Lead / Lead, at regional storage/RER U / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Lubricatingoil / Lubricating oil, at plant/RER U / 2.69 / 2.59E-05
Magnetite / Magnetite, at plant/GLO U / 2,264.98 / 2.18E-02
Nickel / Nickel, 99,5%, at plant/GLO U / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Nylon 6 / Nylon 6, at plant/RER U / 241.25 / 2.32E-03
Nylon 66 / Nylon 66, at plant/RER U / 241.25 / 2.32E-03
Polyethylene / Polyethylene, HDPE, granulate, at plant/RER U / 36.96 / 3.56E-04
Polyethylene / Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant/RER U / 36.96 / 3.56E-04
Polyethylene / Polyethylene, LLDPE, granulate, at plant/RER U / 36.96 / 3.56E-04
Polypropylene / Polypropylene, granulate, at plant/RER U / 1,904.45 / 1.83E-02
Rubber / Synthetic rubber, at plant/RER U / 2,264.98 / 2.18E-02
Steel / Steel, low alloyed at plant, RER/U / 50,012.93 / 4.81E-01
Tin / Tin, at regional storage/RER U / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Zinc / Zinc, primary, at regional storage/RER U / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Table10.MACC construction phase – Transport
t-km / kg-km/kWhScenario 1 / Truck / 1,102,096.50 / 10.61
Container ship / 37,653.00 / 0.36
Scenario 2 / Truck / 55,194.00 / 0.53
Aircraft / 726,831.00 / 7.00
Table11.MACC operating phase
Item / Dataset / kWh / kWh/kWhMACC power consumption / Electricity production CSP plant_MACCSol / 853,200 / 0.008214
Table 12. MACC end of life phase
kg / g/kWhRecycle / Landfill / Incineration / Recycle / Landfill / Incineration
Adhesive / 14.78 / 1.42E-04
Aluminium / 5,076.02 / 951.75 / 317.25 / 4.89E-02 / 9.16E-03 / 3.05E-03
Brass / 26.21 / 2.52E-04
Bronze / 26.21 / 2.52E-04
Cable / 10.08 / 9.70E-05
Copper / 2,688.34 / 298.70 / 2.59E-02 / 2.88E-03
Electronic component / 299.71 / 2.89E-03
Epoxyresin / 178.75 / 1.72E-03
Fiberglass / 241.25 / 2.32E-03
Gold / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Insulatingmaterial / 18.82 / 1.81E-04
Lead / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Lubricatingoil / 2.69 / 2.59E-05
Magnetite / 2,264.98 / 2.18E-02
Nickel / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Nylon 6 / 113.39 / 60.31 / 67.55 / 1.09E-03 / 5.81E-04 / 6.50E-04
Nylon 66 / 113.39 / 60.31 / 67.55 / 1.09E-03 / 5.81E-04 / 6.50E-04
Polyethylene / 52.11 / 27.72 / 31.05 / 5.02E-04 / 2.67E-04 / 2.99E-04
Polypropylene / 895.09 / 476.11 / 533.25 / 8.62E-03 / 4.58E-03 / 5.13E-03
Rubber / 1,064.54 / 566.24 / 634.19 / 1.02E-02 / 5.45E-03 / 6.11E-03
Steel / 46,512.02 / 3,500.90 / 4.48E-01 / 3.37E-02
Tin / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Zinc / 0.67 / 6.47E-06
Table 13.“Electricity production CSP plant_MACCSol” process
KNOWN INPUTS FROM TECHNOSPHERE - MATERIALS/FUELSAluminium oxide, at plant/RER U / 3,975 / kg / 3.9744E-05 / kg/kWh
Cast iron ETH U / 150,000 / kg / 0.00149977 / kg/kWh
Concrete (reinforced) I / 3,201,600 / kg / 0.03201118 / kg/kWh
Concrete, normal, at plant/CH U / 21,629 / m3 / 0.00021626 / m3/kWh
Copper ETH U / 65,000 / kg / 0.0006499 / kg/kWh
Copper product manufacturing, average metal working/RER U / 110,000 / kg / 0.00109983 / kg/kWh
Copper, secondary, from electronic and electric scrap recycling, at refinery/SE U / 119,570 / kg / 0.00119552 / kg/kWh
Copper, at regional storage/RER U / 45,000 / kg / 0.00044993 / kg/kWh
Flat glass, coated, at plant/RER U / 2,120,000 / kg / 0.02119681 / kg/kWh
Glass fibre, at plant/RER U / 45,450 / kg / 0.00045443 / kg/kWh
Iron scrap, at plant/RER U / 4,860,693 / kg / 0.04859962 / kg/kWh
NaOH ETH U / 8,150,000 / kg / 0.08148774 / kg/kWh
Polyethylene, HDPE, granulate, at plant/RER U / 90,000 / kg / 0.00089986 / kg/kWh
Reinforcing steel, at plant/RER U / 3,667,670 / kg / 0.03667118 / kg/kWh
Steel product manufacturing, average metal working/RER U / 3,845,340 / kg / 0.03844761 / kg/kWh
Steel, low-alloyed, at plant/RER U / 1,77,670 / kg / 0.00177643 / kg/kWh
Storage 10'000 l/RER/I U / 600 / p / 5.9991E-06 / p/kWh
Transformer, high voltage use, at plant/GLO U / 117,676 / kg / 0.00117658 / kg/kWh
KNOWN INPUTS FROM TECHNOSPHERE - ELECTRICITY/HEAT
Transport, freight, rail/RER U / 487,600 / tkm / 0.00487527 / tkm/kWh
Transport, lorry >16t, fleet average/RER U / 2,864,650 / tkm / 0.02864219 / tkm/kWh
KNOWN OUTPUTS TO TECHNOSPHERE - AVOIDED PRODUCTS
Copper, primary, at refinery/RER U / 119,570 / kg / 0.00119552 / kg/kWh
Pig iron, at plant/GLO U / 4,860,693 / kg / 0.04859962 / kg/kWh
FINAL WASTE FLOWS
Disposal, cement-fibre slab, 0% water, to municipal incineration/CH U / 3,780,337 / kg / 0.03779768 / kg/kWh
Disposal, concrete, 5% water, to inert material landfill/CH U / 19,840,901 / kg / 0.19837915 / kg/kWh
Disposal, copper, 0% water, to municipal incineration/CH U / 4,600 / kg / 4.5993E-05 / kg/kWh
Disposal, glass, 0% water, to inert material landfill/CH U / 21,200 / kg / 0.00021197 / kg/kWh
Disposal, plastics, mixture, 15.3% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U / 10,000 / kg / 9.9985E-05 / kg/kWh
Disposal, steel, 0% water, to inert material landfill/CH U / 160,714 / kg / 0.0016069 / kg/kWh
Process-specific burdens, residual material landfill/CH U / 51,450 / kg / 0.00051442 / kg/kWh
Recycling glass/RER U / 2,098,800 / kg / 0.02098484 / kg/kWh
Recycling mixed plastics/RER U / 90,000 / kg / 0.00089986 / kg/kWh