Department of Economics, Carleton University

Department of Economics, Carleton University

WINTER TERM, January 5 to April 7, 2017

Archibald R. M. Ritter, Steven Langdon and Yiagadeesen (Teddy) Samy

January 1, 2017

INFORMATION ON THE COURSE

I.Objectives and Approach

The central objective of this course is to analyse the processes and problems of the economic development of Sub-Saharan Africa.

The class will begin with anintroduction to thegeneral context of Africa’s development experience: geography, environment, some history and recent development. Attention will then focus on central aspects of human development in Africa, namely demography, income distribution, education, health and “labour and livelihoods”. Some central sectorial issues are examined: industry andthe natural resource sector. Environmental dimensions of African development are explored. Next, the ways in which Africa is interlinked with the international economy are analysed, focussing on international trade, regional economic integration, foreign investment and the multinational corporation, development assistance and the burgeoning relations between China and Africa.

Instructors

Arch R. M. Ritter, Department of Economics and School of International Affairs

Office:Loeb Building A-802

E-Mail:

Telephone:520-2600 extension 6668

Office Hours:Mondays and Wednesdays 9:00-10:00 PM (i.e. after class)

or another mutually agreeable time, by appointment.

Steven Langdon, Department of Economics

Office:Loeb Building A-802

E-Mail:

Office Hours:Mondays and Wednesdays 9:00-10:00 PM (i.e. after class)

or another mutually agreeable time, by appointment.

Yiagadeesen (Teddy) Samy, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs

Office:5314River Building

E-Mail:

Telephone:Office: 613520-2600 Ext.1218

Class Location: Southam Hall Room 417

Class Hours: Wednesdays 6:00-9.00 (January 11 to April 5)

1. Course Web Site: africaneconomicdevelopment.com

Administrative and substantive information on the course will be posted on this web site.

Please note that the course web site is not at CuLearn course.[T1]

1. Course Requirements and Assessment

Evaluation will be based on a brief Literature Review or Commentary,Participation in the course, a Mid-Term Test and a Final Exam. The weights of these components are as follows:

(a) Mid-Term Test20%

(b) Participation10%

(c) Literature Review or Commentary20%

(d) Final Exam50%

Total100%

1. Mid-Term Test(20%)

The Mid-Term Test will be 1 ½ hours on March 1, just after the February Study Break. They will consist of multiple choice questions, short answer questions and perhaps a longer question.

1. Literature Reviewor Commentary (20%)

A second requirement for the course is a written review or commentary onan article or discussion paper in the optional readings on the course outline. The essay should be 7 to 10 pages in length (double space, font 12, one inch margins.)

1. Participation(10%)

This component will include presence and participation in classes.

1. Final Examination (50%)

The final exam will be a three hour exam in the regular exam period for the Winter Term.

It will include all of the course materials, but with an emphasis on the second half of the course.

1. Text Book:

There are some additional supplemental or optional readings on some topics that are available through the web and are hyperlinked in the e-version of this course outline.

1. Other General Works and Sources:

African Development Bank. (2016) African Development Report 2015 - Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus: Overcoming Barriers to Sustainable Development, Addis Ababa.

African Development Bank, African Union and UN Economic Commission for Africa. (2016)African Statistical Yearbook, 2016, Addis Ababa.

African Development Bank, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Development Programme, Economic Commission for Africa. (2015)African Economic Outlook, 2015; SPECIAL THEME: Sustainable Cities and Structural Transformation. Addis Ababa.

Brookings Institution, Africa Growth Initiative (2016) Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2016. Washington D.C.

Collier, Paul. (2006) The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Falling and What Can Be done About It, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Meredith, Martin. (2005) The Fate of Africa: A History of 50 of Years of Independence, New York: Public Affairs.

The New Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD). (2015)Framework Document, 2001.

UN Economic Commission for Africa, African Union, African Development Bank and United Nations Development Programme. (2015)MDG Report, Assessing Progress in Africa toward the Millennium Development Goals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

UN Economic Commission for Africa. (2015)Economic Report on Africa, 2015, Industrializing through Trade, Addis Ababa.

United Nations Development Program. (2015) Human Development Report 2015, Oxford: Oxford University Press

United Nations Development Program. (2016) Africa Human Development Report 2016; Accelerating Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Africa. New York.

United Nations Environmental Program. (2006) African Environmental Outlook,

World Economic Forum, World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the OECD. (2016) Geneva, The Africa Competitiveness Report 2015,

World Happiness Report, 2016.

ECON 3510AFRICAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

COURSE OUTLINE AND READING LIST

Note: Works marked with an Asterisks (*) are required readings. The others are optional but are of particular relevance to the issues concerned.

Administrative Introduction to the CourseJanuary 11

1. Analyzing the African ExperienceJanuary 11

Geography and African Development(Arch Ritter)

**Bloom, David E., Jeffrey D. Sachs, Paul Collier and Christopher Udry Geography, Demography, and Economic Growth in Africa, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 1998, No. 2 (1998), pp. 207-295, pp. 213-240 only.

Some History (Steven Langdon)

*LRS, Chapter 1: Dimensions of Development – History, Geography, Environment

Optional readings:

Holl, Augustin F.C. 2009c. “Coping with Uncertainty: Neolithic Life in the DharTichitt-Walata, Mauritania, (ca. 4000-2300 BP.)” ComptesRendus Geoscience, 341, pp. 703-712 – an example of archaeology techniques being applied to an early site in Mauritania by an African scholar

[The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. 2009. Emory University et al – the remarkable compilation of slave voyages from 1500 to 1900 --

1. Concepts of African Economic Development – Growth, Structural Change, Poverty, Income Distribution and Gender (Steven Langdon) January 18

*LRS, Chapter 2: Concepts of African Economic Development – Growth, Structural Change, Poverty and Gender

Optional readings:

Matthai, Wangari. 2004. Nobel Lecture, Oslo, Dec. The Nobel Peace Prize, 2004 – a commentary on poverty, gender, environment and change by the Kenyan woman who was awarded the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize --

Beegle, Kathleen, Luc Christiaensen, Andrew Dabalen, Isis Gaddis. 2016. Poverty in a RISING Africa. World Bank Group. Chapter 4, pp. 117-138.

[“Table 1: Human Development Index and its Components,” “Table 4: Gender Development Index,” “Table 5: Gender Inequality Index,” “Table 6: Multi-dimensional Poverty Index.” Human Development Reports, -- indicators of poverty and gender equality from UN sources]

1. Demographyand International Migration (Arch Ritter) January 25

*LRS,Chapter 6:Demography and African Development

*LRS. Chapter 21: International Migration and its Developmental Implications

Optional reading:

Guengant Jean-Pierre and John F. May, 2013 African Demography, Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies. 5, 3 (2013): 215–267

The Economist, African Demography: The dividend is delayed, March 8th 2014

1. Education and Health(Arch Ritter) February1

*LRS. Chapter 7. Human Development: Education and Health

Optional:

MarrioteNgwaru, Jacob and Mary Oluga. (2015) Educational Infrastructure and Resources for Sustainable Access to Schooling and Outcomes: The Case of Early Literacy Development in Southern Tanzania, Africa Education Review, 12:1, 88-108.

Winthrop, Rebecca. 2011Education in Africa—The Story Isn’t Over.Current History, May

UNDP Report, 2015, Assessing Progress 1n Africa Toward the Millennium Development Goals, pp. 25 to 44 only.

African Development Bank. 2013. Health in Africa over the next 50 years,

1. Labour and Livelihoods, Formal and Informal (Arch Ritter) February 8

*LRS, Chapter 8: Labour and Livelihoods, Formal and Informal

Optional Reading:

Fox, Louise, Cleary Haines, Jorge Huerta Muñoz and Alun Thomas. (2013) Africa's Got Work to Do: Employment Prospects in the New Century, IMF Working Paper WP/13/201 October

1. Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development February 15

(Steven Langdon)

*LRS, Chapter 10: Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development

Optional readings:

African Development Bank (AfDB) (Statistics Department.) 2011. “The Link Between Climate Change, Gender and Development in Africa,” African Statistical Journal, 12: May, pp. 119-140. – a review of environmental data with a focus on gender.

Beck, T. and Nesmith, C. 2001. “Building on Poor People’s Capacities: The Case of Common Property Resources in India and West Africa,” World Development, 29:1, pp. 119-133. – an application of environmental concepts to poverty and development by two Canadian researchers.

Study Break February 20 to 25
Mid-Term Test March 1

1. Natural Resources(Arch Ritter) March 1

*LRS, Chapter 12. Natural Resources and African Development

Optional Readings:

African Development Bank, et. al. (2013) African Economic Outlook, 2013: Structural Transformation and resources,Chapter 6, Addis Ababa

Pedro, Antonio M. A. Mainstreaming Mineral Wealth in Poverty Reduction Strategies, ECA Policy Paper No. 1. Addis Ababa: U. N. ECA, 2005

1. Agriculture and Rural Development (Steven Langdon) March 8

*LRS. Chapter 11. Agriculture and Rural Development

Optional:

Diao, X., P. Hazell and J. Thurlow. (2010) “The Role of Agriculture in African Development,” World Development, 38:10, pp. 1375-1383.

Christiaensen, Luc,Lionel Demery andJesperKuhl(2011)The (Evolving) Role of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction—An empirical perspective, Journal of Development Economics, 96, pp. 239-254.

1. Trade and Economic Development(Arch Ritter) March 15

*LRS,Chapter 17: Trade and Economic Development

Optional Reading:

Dragusanu, Raluca, Daniele Giovannucci and Nathan Nunn, The Economics of Fair Trade, Paper prepared for the Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2014.

1. Industrial Development(One half class)(Steven Langdon) March 22

*LRS, Chapter 13: Industrial Development

Optional Readings:

Derera, E., Chitakunye, P. and O’Neill, C. 2014. “The Impact of Gender on Start-up Capital: A Case of Women Entrepreneurs in South Africa,” The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), pp. 95-114. – why women have played such a small role in industrial development in South Africa

Wangwe, S., Mmari, D., Aikaeli, J., Rutatina, N., Mboghoina, T. and Kinyondo, A. 2014. The Performance of the Manufacturing Sector in Tanzania, WIDER Working Paper 2014/085, Africa Growth Initiative, United Nations University: World Institute for Development Economics Research –-- a careful review by African researchers of the importance of indigenous technological capacity in furthering Tanzanian industrialization

1. Foreign Investment and Multinational Corporations(Steven Langdon)

(One half class) March 22

*LRSChapter 18: Foreign Investment and Multinational Corporations in Africa

Optional readings:

Sumner, A. 2005. “Is Foreign Direct Investment Good for the Poor? A Review and Stocktake.” Development in Practice, 15:3 & 4, pp. 269-285. – a good overview of research on the limited relationship of poverty reduction to foreign direct investment in Africa

Brautigam, D. and Tang, X. 2014. “’Going Global in Groups’: Structural Transformation and China’s Special Economic Zones Overseas,” World Development, 63, pp. 78-91. – a comprehensive analysis of recent Chinese foreign direct investment in six Special Economic Zones established in Africa

1. Development Assistance – the African Record (Teddy Samy) March 29

*LRS. Chapter 19: Development Assistance

Optional Reading:

Radelet, Steven.2006. “A Primer on Foreign Aid.” Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 92 (July)

Moyo, Dambisa. 2009.Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.

1. The Changing Role of China in Africa(Teddy Samy) April 5

*LRS, Chapter 20: The Changing Role of China in Africa

Optional Reading:

Deborah Brautigam. 2011. “Chinese Development Aid in Africa: What, Where, Why, and How Much? InRising China: Global Challenges and Opportunities, Jane Golley and Ligang Song, eds, Canberra: Australia National University Press, pp. 203-223.

Pigato, Miria and Wenxia Tang.2015. “China and Africa: Expanding Economic Ties in an Evolving Global Context”. Background Paper for Investing in Africa Forum 2015 held on June 30th and July 1st in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Final Examination (In the regular exam period)

HYPERLINKED GENERAL SOURCES ON AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

Africa Business Information Services - Information and analysis on business and economics in Africa with a special emphasis on Nigeria.

Africa Business Pages - Offers ways to promote products in African countries through direct contacts with business counterparts there.

Africa Confidential - Information service covering economic and political issues. Has a subscription service for full issues.

African Development Forum - An initiative led by the UN Economic Commission for Africa to establish an African-driven development agenda. Site provides background and programme information, documents, call for participants, and news from focus group activities.

AGOA.info - Part of the Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa's initiative to raise awareness in Africa of the Act's benefits. Features the latest trade data and statistics, product eligibility, AGOA news, analysis, research reports and documents.

allAfrica.com - Sustainable Africa - News about the issues of biodiversity, water, energy, health and agriculture. Includes organizations, calendar and resources.

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) - Financial institution for strengthening economic, financial and technical cooperation between Arab and African countries, based on foundations of friendship and equality. Funded by the Governments of the Member States of the League of Arab States. [Arabic, English]

Bisharat - A language, technology, and development initiative focusing on the coordination of language use in information communication technologies for sustainable development in West Africa.

BuildAfrica.org - Dedicated to the spread of information necessary to help build Africa.

Columbia University Libraries - African Studies: Business and Economic Information on Africa - Directory of categorized and annotated links.

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) - Official site promoting regional economic integration through trade and investment. Includes newsletter, institutions, programs, publications, information by sector, monetary cooperation, and the role of the private sector.

Community Adaptation and Sustainable Livelihoods (CASL) - Works with local citizens, policy makers and science researchers in order to allow for more income for people in developing countries. Page includes articles on past and current projects.

Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund - Represents a new financing approach for the long term alleviation of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa.

Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited - Financing of new industries and industrial undertakings, expansion schemes, better organisation and modernisation of existing industries and industrial undertakings, in Southern Africa.

The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA) - Effort to accelerate progress to meet the urgent needs of Africa in support of economic growth and development, addressing both national and regional constraints. Includes Secretariat, membership, press kit and newsletter.

Institute for African Development - Africa Development Program at Cornell University. Africa Notes, program information, announcements

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) - Organisation of six eastern African countries focused on drought control and development initiatives. Includes newsletters, organisation profile and history, main programmes of work, details of member states and minutes of meetings.

KickStart - A non-profit organization that develops and markets new technologies that are bought by local entrepreneurs and used to establish new small businesses.

Macroeconomic and Financial Management Institute of Eastern and Southern Africa (MEFMI) - Regionally owned institute that seeks sustainable capacity in identified key areas in Central Banks, Ministries of Finance and Planning Commissions. List of member countries, programmes, partners and publications.

MBendi Information for Africa - Africa's electronic encyclopaedia of business and commercial information, compiled by MBendi Information Services to assist companies and business people around the world to do business in and with Africa.

NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development) - Planning and coordinating technical body of the African Union, aiming to eradicate poverty and create sustainable growth. [English, French]

Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: Development - Annotated links of business and economic development sites.

UN Department of Public Information - Africa Renewal - Provides news and analysis on economic and development challenges facing the African continent.

UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) - Regional arm of the UN in Africa, mandated to support the economic and social development of its member states.

University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: Development - Annotated directory of links to resources.

Wikipedia - Economy of Africa - Hyperlinked encyclopedia article provides economic sector information, determinants, attempts at promoting growth, history, and central banks and currencies by country.

The World Bank Group - Middle East and North Africa - Provides news and events and in-depth analysis with a regional overview, country briefs, data and statistics, publications, development topics, initiatives, projects and programs.

World Bank Group - Sub-Saharan Africa - Provides information on each country, news and events, data and statistics, publications and reports, development topics, regional initiatives, projects and programs, partnerships, Millennium Development Goals and Country Public Information Centers.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

For Support for Preparing Written Assignments:

See

Writing Tutorial Service (229Paterson Hall)

For General Academic Advice and Support:

Student Academic Success Centre (SASC, 302 Tory Building). See

Requests for Academic Accommodations:

For Religious Obligations / To be worked out on individual basis with instructor. Consult Equity Services Website or an Equity Advisor (ext. 5622) for Policy and list of Holy Days.
For Pregnancy / Contact Equity Services (ext. 5622) to obtain a "letter of accommodation."

Academic Accommodations for Students with Disabilities:

For information on general accommodation regarding disabilities, see

Students with disabilities requiring academic accommodations in this course are encouraged to contact the Paul Menton Centre for Students with Disabilities (500 University Centre) to complete the necessary forms. After registering with the Centre, make an appointment to meet with me in order to discuss your needs at least two weeks before the first in-class test or CUTV midterm exam. This will allow sufficient time to process your request. Please note the following deadlines for submitting completed forms to the PMC for formally scheduled exam accommodations: Friday March 10 200t.

Plagiarism and Academic Offenses

One of the requirements for this course is a Literature Review or Policy Brief. Please note that this must be your own original work. It may not be taken from another course and used for this course a second time.