Saudi Arabia: Important Dates

Saudi Arabia: Important Dates

570 Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, in Mecca. He dies in Medina in 632.

mid-1700s time of Abu I-Wahhab, whose strict Wahhabi sect forms alliance with Saud family for control of central peninsula

1902-32 Gradual conquest of areas in the peninsula by Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, who is proclaimed king in 1938. Among those marginalized was the Hashemite family, who became rulers of Jordan and Iraq.

1933 first oil concession signed with precursor of Arabian American Oil Co. (ARAMCO). Late 1930s oil exports, but these become important after World War II.

During WWII Saudi Arabia sided with Allies, and had significant debts at its end.

1940s Ibn Saud distances himself from Palestinian/Jewish issues, except to be concerned with Palestinians and Jordan.

1953 Death of Ibn Saud, who is succeeded by his son Saud

1953, 1956 Strikes by Arab workers at ARAMCO, over working conditions and training. Oil wealth facilitates improved situation

1955 Unsuccessful coup by Saudi army officers trained in Egypt, one of several frictions between the Saudi monarchy and Nasser’s republican regime

1956 Saudis support Nasser’s nationalization of Suez Canal, through which much Saudi oil flowed

1962-67 Saudis aid royalist forces in Yemen against Egyptian-backed republican rebels. Also leads to conflicts with US. Saudis support Egypt and others in June 1967 war.

1964 Saud is deposed by Faisal, his brother, the Crown Prince

1973 Saudis own 25% of ARAMCO, 1974 60% ownership, and full ownership in 1980

1973 Suadi Arabia plays leading role in oil boycott of countries supporting Israel during Yom Kippur War.

1975 Faisal was assassinated by a nephew in a family revenge; is replaced by Khalid, who pushes industrialization program

1979 Saudis cut off aid to Egypt over Camp David agreement and sever diplomatic relations (restored in 1987)

1979 Group of Sunni Muslims barricade themselves inside the Holy Mosque of Mecca, some 200 eventually die.

1982 King Khalid dies, succeeded by Fahd

1981 Gulf Cooperation Council formed, initially as a response to revolutionary Iran, but Iraq does not join.

1980s Increased military cooperation with the US. Increased internal unrest due Iranian influence. Also, Saudi financial help for anti-Russian Mujahadeen in Afghanistan, and perhaps other Islamic groups in Chechnya, former Yugoslavia, etc.

1987 Iranian pilgrims killed after clashes with Saudi security forces in Mecca. During this decade there are several confrontations between Saudi Arabia and Iran over which country best represents Moslem religion and interests

1990 Saudi Arabia supports US-led coalition that recovers Kuwait after occupation by Iraq. Leads to more than a hundred thousand foreign (mostly US) troops on Saudi soil.

1991 re-establishment of diplomatic relations with USSR/Russia, which had be frozen in 1938

1992 Formation of Majlis al-Shura, consultative council of Saudis, a faint echo of Western style representative democracy

1993 US asks Saudi Arabia to pay for the Gulf war ($51 billion)

1994 Pilgrims die in a stampede in Mecca, strengthening criticism of Saudi role as protector of holy sites.

1995 King Fahd has a stroke; Crown Prince Abdullah is widely seen as de facto king

2001 The 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US have significant involvement of Saudi citizens, creating friction with US government, subsequently (2003) increased by a US government report on that influence

2002 Saudi Government refuses US use of country as base of operations in Iraq invasion

2003 Suicide attacks on residential areas of Riyadh. Several more in 2004, 2005

2005 Municipal elections nationwide (first time); women aren’t allowed to vote.

2005 Saudi Arabia to join the WTO. King Fahd dies, is formally replaced by Abdullah.

2009 Trials of militants in S.A. Some Saudi involvement with conflicts in Yemen

2010 Saudi intelligence helps thwart terrorist activities in US, and several militants arrested in the Kingdom.

King Abdullah has surgery in US.

2011 Government’s response to ‘Arab Spring’ type movements is a large increase in transfers to citizens. Some demonstrations by Shi’a in towns along the east coast. Saudi troops occupy Bahrain. Protests on ban on women driving, political participation. Major sale of US fighter jets.

2012 Protests by Saudi Shias in eastern areas.

2013 Women participate in Shura consultative council. Saudi government turns down a position on the UN Security Council.

See also the BBC timeline and country profile at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/820515.stm