C4 Chemical patterns
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Question overview
Question / Topic / Mark / % / Grade / DateC4a (i) / Periodic table / /6
C4b (i) / Atomic structure and electrons / /2
C4c(i) / Flame tests and spectra / /6
C4d (i) / Ions / /4
C4f (i) / Patterns in group 1 / /5
C4g (i) / Patterns in group VII / /4
C4hsw (i) / How science works / /6
C4f (ii) / Patterns in group 1 / /4
C4g (ii) / Patterns in group VII / /9
C4hsw (ii) / How science works / /8
C4f (iii) / Patterns in group 1 / /5
Colour code each subtopic using pencils, on target = orange, above = green, below = red.
C4a i12Jun2a
The table shows data about the physical properties of some elements.
Mendeleev put these elements into two groups in the Periodic Table.
He used their similarities and differences to put lithium, sodium and potassium in one group.
He put chlorine, bromine and iodine into another group.
Discuss which data in the table support, and which data do not support, Mendeleev’s ideaof organising these elements into the two groups.
The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer.
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C4b i.12Jun2b
Sodium and potassium are both in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Give one similarity and one difference between the arrangement of electrons in an atom of sodium and an atom of potassium.
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4Ci.13Jan3
Arsenic can be used to treat some cancers.
Ben wants to analyse a mineral to see if it contains arsenic.
He looks at a table of flame colours for some elements.
(a) Ben talks about what a flame test could show.
Explain why what Ben says is true.
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(b) Ben finds an image of the line spectrum of arsenic.
How can Ben use a line spectrum to show that the mineral contains arsenic and other elements?
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(c) Ben finds out that arsenic is in Group 5 of the Periodic Table.
Some arsenic atoms have different atomic structures to other arsenic atoms.
The table shows information about two different arsenic atoms.
How does the table show that the two atoms are the same element?
Put a tick ()next to the correct answer.
- Both atoms have similar relative atomic masses.
- Arsenic-75 has two more neutrons than arsenic-73.
- Both atoms have the same number of protons.
- The number of electron shells is the same.[1]
4d i.12Jun3ab
The table below shows the number of protons and electrons in five particles, A, B, C, D and E.
Each particle is either an atom or an ion.
(a) Use the letters A, B, C, D and E, to answer the following questions.
(i) Which two particles are atoms from Group 7 of the Periodic Table?
answer ...... and ...... [1]
(ii) Which two particles are an atom and an ion of the same element?
answer ...... and ...... [1]
(iii) Which particle is a negative ion?
answer ...... [1]
(b) Particle C is an ion. What is the overall charge on particle C? answer ...... [1]
C4f i.12Jun4ab
1 Liz cuts a piece of sodium with a knife.
(a) When first cut, the surface of the sodium is very shiny.
Describe and explain how the appearance of the sodium changes over the next few minutes.
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(b) Liz reacts sodium (Na) with chlorine (Cl2) to make sodium chloride.
sodium + chlorine sodium chloride
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
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2 Rubidium is an element in Group 1.
Find rubidium on the Periodic Table.
(a) Which of the following statements about rubidium are true and which are false?
Put a tick () next to each statement.
Rubidium is more reactive than sodium.
Rubidium is a non-metal.
Rubidium has a lower proton number than lithium.
Rubidium reacts with water to make hydrogen gas.[2]
(b) The formula of lithium hydroxide is LiOH.
What is the formula of rubidium hydroxide?
formula ...... [1]
Cg i.12Jan1
Jack writes down data about some elements in Group 7.
Jack has made a mistake. One of the boiling points is wrong.
a) Which boiling point in the table is wrong?
Explain how you made your choice.
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(b) Estimate the correct value for the boiling point.
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(c) Astatine is another element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
What is the formula for a molecule of astatine?
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C4hsw i.13Jan2
The table shows some information about the element hydrogen.
(a)Fay and Guy are discussing where hydrogen fits in the Periodic Table.
Use information in the table and your knowledge of Group 1 elements to evaluate the ideas of Fay and Guy.
The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer.
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C4f ii.13Jan2b
Hydrogen gas reacts with lithium at high temperatures to make lithium hydride.
(i) At the high temperatures of the reaction, lithium is a liquid and lithium hydride is a solid.
The equation shows the reaction of lithium with hydrogen.
Fill in the missing state symbols and balance the equation for the reaction.
The state symbols should match the state of the chemicals at the high temperatures ofthe reaction.
lithium + hydrogen lithium hydride
...... Li( ) + H2( ) ...... LiH( ) [2]
(ii) The formula for lithium hydride is LiH.
Lithium ions have a charge of +1.
What is the formula of a hydride ion?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
[1]
(iii) Another compound has the formula CaH2.
What is the name of this compound?
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C4g ii.13Jan3
Hydrogen reacts with the elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
Hydrogen and fluorine explode when they are mixed together.
The word equation for the reaction is
hydrogen + fluorine hydrogen fluoride
(a) The formula for hydrogen fluoride is HF.
Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between hydrogen and fluorine.
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(b) Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to make hydrogen chloride gas (HCl).
When hydrogen chloride gas dissolves, it forms ions in the water.
(i) Complete the symbol equation for the reaction by filling in the missing state symbols.
HCl (...... ) H+ (...... ) + Cl− (...... ) [1]
(ii) How does the equation show that the reaction produces an acid?
Put a tick (✓)next to the correct answer.
The reaction makes both positive and negative ions.
One of the ions made is a hydrogen ion.
Chloride ions are very acidic.
A gas dissolves to make a solution.[1]
(c) Iodine is another element in Group 7.
Predict the name and the formula of the compound that is made when iodine reacts with hydrogen.
name ......
formula ...... [2]
(d) The table shows what happens when fluorine, chlorine and iodine react with hydrogen.
(i) Describe the trend in reactivity of the Group 7 elements with hydrogen.
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(ii) Bromine reacts steadily with hydrogen when it is heated.
Does this fit the trend of reactivity of the other halogens?
Explain your reasoning.
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C4f iii.13Jun2
Sodium and potassium are elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Jake watches a video of the reaction between sodium and water.
(a) Complete the word equation for the reaction between sodium and water.
sodium + water ...... + ...... [2]
(b) Jake thinks that the reaction makes an alkali.
How could you show that a solution has an alkaline pH?
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(c) Jake watches another video. This video shows the reaction of potassium with water.
How is this reaction different from the reaction of sodium with water?
Put ticks (✓)next to the two correct answers.
The two reactions make different gases.
The reaction of sodium takes less time than the reaction of potassium.
The reaction with potassium makes an acid.
The two reactions have different rates.
The two reactions make different alkalis.[1]