Cells Review List
Test Thursday 1/28
Levels of Organization
Most Complex / Organism / Group of organ systems working together / Person,Dog,
Flower
Organ System / Group of organs working together / Circulatory system,
Nervous system,
Digestive system
Organ / Group of tissues working together / Heart,
Brain,
Stomach
Tissue / Group of cells working together / Blood,
Nerves,
Connective tissue
Cell / Basic unit
Group of organelles working together / Red blood cell,
Epithelial cell,
Neuron
Least complex / Organelle / Specialized structures found in cells / Nucleus, Mitochondrion,
Vacuole
Cell Theory
Contributions of scientist…
Robert Hooke / 1665 / First discovered cells by looking at cork. Named the “little room” he saw “cells”.Anton Van Leeuwenhoeke / 1673 / Made improvements to the microscope when observing pond scum.
Matthias Schleiden / 1838 / Examined plant cells and concluded that all parts of plants are composed of cells.
Theodore Schwann / 1839 / Examined animal tissue and concluded that all parts of animals are composed of cells.
Rudolf Virchow / 1858 / Observed that cells come from existing cells.
The three parts of the cell theory are:
- All living things are composed of cells.(Schleiden & Schwann)
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function for living things.(Schleiden & Schwann)
- All are produced from existing cells. (Virchow)
ALL cells can….
- Obtain energy (organelles responsible: chloroplast and mitochondrion)
- Get rid of waste (organelles responsible: lysosome and cell membrane)
- Grow and reproduce (organelles responsible: centriole and nucleus)
Cell Organelles
Organelle structures are designed to help them complete their functions. Structure is the shape or location. Function is its job. Example: tire structure – round, rubber; function – roll and grip road
- Plant cells are elongated for stacking up; the cells are more box-like and rigid, with larger vacuoles for storing water.
- Blood cells are round so they can travel through blood vessels and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the other cells of the body.
- Muscle cells are elongated for contracting and pulling on bones
Cell Membrane– found in both plant and animal cells
Function: controls the passing of materials in and out of the cell; gets rid of waste
Structure: surrounds the cytoplasm
Nucleus– found in both plant and animal cells
Function:acts as the control center of the cell
Structure: holds the DNA/chromosomes
Cytoplasm – found in both plant and animal cells
Function: suspend other organelles
Structure: jell-like liquid that fills the cell
Mitochondria– found in both plant and animal cells
Function: releaseATP energy
Structure: double membrane organelle with inner folds
Vacuole– found in both plantand animalcells
Function: Storage site for water, nutrients, and waste
Structure: much larger in plant cells
Cell Wall– found in ONLY plant cells
Function: supports and protects
Structure: rigid; surrounds cytoplasm in plant cells
Chloroplasts– found in ONLY plant cells
Function: site of photosynthesis (how a plant makes food)
Structure: Green; contains chlorophyll; stacks of disc inside
Lysosome – found in some plant and animal cells
Function: removes waste, and digest old cell parts
Structure: small, circular, contains enzymes
Cilia – found in unicellular organisms and some animal cells
Function: used for motion
Structure: tiny hair-like projections on the outside of certain cells
Flagellum– found in unicellular organisms and some animal cells
Function: used for motion
Structure: a long whip-like structure on the outside of certain cells