Organismal Biology 1030 A & B, Section Three Exam, Spring 2010

1. / Physiology, in its broad sense, is a study of:
A. / The earth and other planets of the solar system
B. / The oceans and their inhabitants
C. / The mechanisms, actions, and functions of the parts of living organisms
D. / The human mind
E. / The interactions of the stars, sun, and moon on human lives
2. / The ‘great chain’ of biological complexity is:
A. / Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
B. / Elements, crystals, minerals, rocks, aggregates
C. / Atoms, molecules, polymers, plastics, made-in-China toys
D. / DNA, RNA, protein
E. / Bacteria, archaea, protists, algae, plants, fungi, animals
3. / Which statement does not apply to phytoplankton?
A. / They are small aquatic, mostly unicellular, organisms that use oxygenic photosynthesis
B. / They comprise around 80% of all photosynthetic organisms on the planet
C. / They are all one particular type (genus species) of organism
D. / They produce from 40% to 80% of the earth’s atmospheric oxygen gas
E. / They need light to live
4. / Finish the sentence . . . Phytoplankton:
A. / Do not contribute to the aquatic food chain in any significant amount
B. / Use chlorophyll
C. / Are only found in fresh water
D. / Are found in very, very deep water, beyond where light can reach
E. / Do not include organisms called dinoflagellates, diatoms, algae, and cyanobacteria
5. / The main vegetative parts of plants include:
A. / Roots, flowers and stems
B. / Roots, stems and leaves
C. / Fruits, flowers and leaves
D. / Stems, roots, flowers, leaves and fruits
E. / Flowers and fruits only
6. / The shoot of a plant is:
A. / The above ground part of a plant
B. / The below ground part of a plant
C. / The stem of the plant
D. / The leaves, flowers and fruits of a plant
E. / Hollow stems that can be made into blowguns
7. / Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant?
A. / Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism
B. / Anchor the plant
C. / Absorb water
D. / Absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
E. / Form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients
8. / The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a:
A. / Petiole
B. / Internode
C. / Node
D. / Axillary bud
E. / Sieve plate
9. / Internodes of plants are:
A. / Located on the roots
B. / Located on the stems
C. / Dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages
D. / Periods of time between releasing of pollen
E. / Located on the male flower parts
10. / The two main parts of a leaf are the:
A. / Node and internode
B. / Axillary bud and blade
C. / Node and axillary bud
D. / Blade and petiole
E. / Blade and fruit
11. / The part of a plant that is the stalk-like support for a leaf is the:
A. / Petiole
B. / Node
C. / Internode
D. / Blade
E. / Companion cell
12. / Compound leaves are defined as being divided into:
A. / Blades
B. / Leaflets
C. / Companion cells
D. / Stomata
E. / Lateral meristems
13. / The primary root of certain plants that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is:
A. / A fibrous root
B. / A companion root
C. / A taproot
D. / A rhizome
E. / A stolon
14. / Stems that grow along the soil surface asexually forming new plants at their nodes are:
A. / Rhizoids
B. / Stolons
C. / Rhizomes
D. / Tubers
E. / Tendrils
15. / Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are:
A. / Rhizoids
B. / Stolons
C. / Rhizomes
D. / Tubers
E. / Tendrils
16. / Swollen regions of underground stems that store starch are:
A. / Rhizoids
B. / Stolons
C. / Rhizomes
D. / Tubers
E. / Tendrils
17. / Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are:
A. / Rhizoids
B. / Stolons
C. / Rhizomes
D. / Tubers
E. / Tendrils
18. / An embryonic leaf of a plant is a:
A. / Petiole
B. / Cotyledon
C. / Rhizoid
D. / Sepal
E. / Tracheoid
19. / Which of the following is not an example of an edible root?
A. / Beet
B. / Carrot
C. / Onion
D. / Turnip
E. / Sweet potato
20. / Which of the following is not an edible reproductive part of a plant, i.e. biologically is not a fruit?
A. / Broccoli
B. / Tomato
C. / Corn
D. / Celery
E. / Walnut
21. / Which of the following is not an edible vegetative part of a plant, i.e. is not biologically a vegetable?
A. / Cucumber
B. / Potato
C. / Beet
D. / Onion
E. / Asparagus
22. / If a plant exhibits determinate growth the plant:
A. / Continues to grow until the environment determines that it can not
B. / Produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant
C. / Sends out tendrils to support the plant
D. / Stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size
E. / Produces seeds only at one time during its life
23. / The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its:
A. / Tracheid
B. / Protostem
C. / Cortex
D. / Mesophyll
E. / Meristem
24. / The patch of actively dividing cells that is found near the tip of roots and shoots of plants is the:
A. / Lateral meristem
B. / Apical meristem
C. / Intercalary meristem
D. / Tracheid
E. / Vascular bundle
25. / The tissue that produces cells to thicken, i.e. expand sideways, a root or stem is the:
A. / Lateral meristem
B. / Apical meristem
C. / Intercalary meristem
D. / Tracheid
E. / Vascular bundle
26. / The main phloem conducting cells are:
A. / Sieve tube elements and sieve tube plates
B. / Tracheids and vessel element
C. / Companion cells
D. / Guard cells
E. / Epidermal
27. / Conducting cells in xylem are:
A. / Sieve tube elements and sieve tube plates
B. / Tracheids and vessel elements
C. / Companion cells
D. / Guard cells
E. / Epidermal
28. / The ______transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.
A. / Guard cells
B. / Phloem
C. / Xylem
D. / Epidermis
E. / Stomata
29. / The ______transports dissolved organic compounds such as sugars from the leaves throughout the plant.
A. / Guard cells
B. / Phloem
C. / Xylem
D. / Epidermis
E. / Stomata
30. / A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the:
A. / Cuticle
B. / Stomata
C. / Guard cell
D. / Xylem
E. / Phloem
31. / The primary organ of photosynthesis in most plants is the:
A. / Stomata
B. / Leaf
C. / Bark
D. / Stem
E. / Chlorophyll
32. / Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as:
A. / Total nutrients
B. / Micronutrients
C. / Solid nutrients
D. / Macronutrients
E. / Vitamins
33. / Natural soil is not composed of:
A. / broken rock
B. / Clay and/or sand
C. / Organic compounds
D. / Decaying plant and animal remains
E. / Vermiculite
34. / Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of:
A. / Nitrogen
B. / Energy
C. / Carbon
D. / Phosphorous
E. / Potassium
35. / Fertilizers do not normally supply which of the following nutrients:
A. / Nitrogen
B. / Phosphorous
C. / Potassium
D. / Sulfur
E. / Most fertilizers have all these nutrients
36. / A chemically complex, hard to digest spongy organic substance, containing carbon, found in topsoil is:
A. / Sand
B. / Silt
C. / Humus
D. / Gravel
E. / Litter
37. / Which of the following is not an element taken in primarily by the roots of the plant?
A. / Carbon
B. / Nitrogen
C. / Potassium
D. / Phosphorous
E. / Calcium
38. / Nitrogen is made available to most plants:
A. / Through their stomata
B. / Through their roots
C. / Through their leaves
D. / Through their stems
E. / From the atmosphere
39. / Nitrogen fixation is the process of:
A. / Converting ammonia to atmospheric nitrogen gas
B. / Converting atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia
C. / Adding nitrates or ammonia to the soil with fertilizers
D. / Plants taking nitrates or ammonia from the soil
E. / Regulating the amount of nitrogen in the soil
40. / The bacterium Rhizobium does not:
A. / Trigger the development of root nodules in legumes
B. / Enter plants through the root hairs
C. / Live symbiotically within plant cells
D. / Break the covalent bond in N2 gas forming ammonia in the process
E. / Cause disease in infected plants
41. / Which of the following is not a legume?
A. / Peas
B. / Beans
C. / Soybeans
D. / Corn
E. / Alfalfa
42. / The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds can only be achieved by which type of organism:
A. / Bacteria
B. / Fungi
C. / Plants
D. / Animals
E. / Algae
43. / The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is:
A. / Transpiration
B. / Totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle
C. / Hydrolysis
D. / Condensation
E. / Sublimation
44. / Water is not used by plants for:
A. / Transporting dissolved minerals
B. / Hydrolysis
C. / Photosynthesis
D. / Keeping the plant warm
E. / Keeping mesophyll cells moist for gas diffusion
45. / The pressure placed on the inside of a cell membrane of a plant by water in central vacuoles is called:
A. / Adhesion
B. / Cohesion
C. / Osmosis
D. / Turgor
E. / Hydrolysis
46. / The tendency of water molecules to "cling" to each other is called:
A. / Adhesion
B. / Hydrolysis
C. / Condensation
D. / Evaporation
E. / Cohesion
47. / The attraction of a molecule to another type of substance, e.g. water to xylem elements, is:
A. / Adhesion
B. / Hydrolysis
C. / Condensation
D. / Evaporation
E. / Cohesion
48. / The concentration of solutes in most soil is usually lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells, so water enters the roots by:
A. / Hydrostatic pressure
B. / Cohesion
C. / Osmosis
D. / Adhesion
E. / Hydrolysis
49. / Water and minerals can move through a root's intracellular pathway from one cell to another through:
A. / Stomata
B. / Guard cells
C. / Companion cells
D. / Plasmodesmata
E. / The Casparian strip
50. / Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called:
A. / Guard cells
B. / Companion cells
C. / Mesophyll cells
D. / Stomata
E. / Plasmodesmata
51. / The cells that surround each gas exchange pore and control its opening and closing are:
A. / Guard cells
B. / Companion cells
C. / Mesophyll cells
D. / Stomata
E. / Plasmodesmata
52. / If water is abundant a plant's guard cells will ______and the stomata will ______.
A. / Swell, close
B. / Collapse, close
C. / Collapse, open
D. / Swell, open
E. / Bathe, watch
53. / In the pressure flow theory, parts of a plant that do not carry out photosynthesis or otherwise produce sugar are:
A. / Sources
B. / Sinks
C. / Reservoirs
D. / Aqueducts
E. / Companion cells
54. / An herbarium is not:
A. / A collection of dried plant specimens
B. / A permanent repository of specimens and data
C. / A nursery that specializes in growing herbs
D. / A collection that requires vouchers for each specimen
E. / A valuable collection for researchers and teachers
55. / Herbarium specimens will last how long, if properly cared for?
A. / Two years
B. / Ten years
C. / Fifty years
D. / One hundred years
E. / Indefinitely
56. / Key angiosperm adaptations that contribute to angiosperms’ widespread distribution do not include:
A. / The production of pollen
B. / The production of seeds
C. / The production of flowers
D. / The production of fruits
E. / The production of spores
57. / Advantages of sexual reproduction in all organisms include:
A. / Offspring are genetically identical to their parent
B. / Adaptive advantages in a changing environment
C. / Adaptive advantages in a constant environment
D. / Rapid, safe, and ultra-efficient reproduction
E. / Enjoyment for its participants
58. / ‘Higher’ plant “alternation of generations” means that ‘higher’ plants have a:
A. / Multicellular generation and unicellular generation
B. / Conspicuous diploid sporophyte generation and inconspicuous haploid gametophyte generation
C. / Conspicuous haploid sporophyte generation and inconspicuous diploid gametophyte generation
D. / Inconspicuous diploid sporophyte generation and conspicuous haploid gametophyte generation
E. / Inconspicuous haploid sporophyte generation and conspicuous diploid gametophyte generation
59. / Clones are not:
A. / Offspring that are genetically identical to their parent
B. / Produced by asexual reproduction
C. / Produced by sexual reproduction
D. / Involved in Aspen tree reproduction and dispersal
E. / Produced by plant calli in laboratory settings
60. / Things that grafting an aerial part (scion) of a plant to a root stock do not achieve include:
A. / One can choose a root stock suited to a particular type of soil
B. / One can choose a particular quality of fruit
C. / One can choose a root stock that is resistant to certain diseases
D. / A reliable means of asexual reproduction
E. / A reliable means of sexual reproduction
61. / The sporophyte generation of a plant is ______and produces ______spores.
A. / Diploid, haploid
B. / Triploid, diploid
C. / Haploid, diploid
D. / Triploid, haploid
E. / Multicellular, diploid
62. / In all major groups of multicellular organisms ______produces the cells that begin the haploid generation, and ______unites the gametes to begin the diploid generation.
A. / Mitosis, pollination
B. / Pollination, fertilization
C. / Fertilization, meiosis
D. / Fertilization, mitosis
E. / Meiosis, fertilization
63. / The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a flower is:
A. / One
B. / Two
C. / Three
D. / Four
E. / Five
64. / Whorl one, also called the calyx, is the outermost whorl of a flower, and is made up of:
A. / The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. / The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. / The sepals
D. / The petals
E. / The stem region
65. / Whorl two, also called the corolla, of a flower is made up of:
A. / The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. / The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. / The sepals
D. / The petals
E. / The stem region
66. / Whorl three, also called the stamen, of a flower is made up of:
A. / The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. / The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. / The sepals
D. / The petals
E. / The stem region
67. / Whorl four, also called the carpel, of a flower is made up of:
A. / The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. / The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. / The sepals
D. / The petals
E. / The stem region
68. / The pollen producing organ of a flower is the:
A. / Stigma
B. / Style
C. / Anther
D. / Ovary
E. / Sepal
69 / The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the:
A. / Stigma
B. / Style
C. / Anther
D. / Ovary
E. / Sepal
70. / The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the:
A. / Stigma
B. / Style
C. / Anther
D. / Ovary
E. / Sepal
71. / Floral haploid microspores (male) do not produce:
A. / Pollen grains
B. / The embryo sac
C. / The young male gametophyte generation
D. / A two-celled, thick-walled structure
E. / Daughter cells through mitosis
72. / Floral haploid megaspores (female) do not produce:
A. / Pollen grains
B. / The embryo sac
C. / The young female gametophyte generation
D. / Eight nuclei in seven cells
E. / Daughter cells through mitosis
73. / Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(n) ______to a receptive ______.
A. / Ovary, stigma
B. / Anther, stigma
C. / Stigma, ovary
D. / Stigma, anther
E. / Style, filament
74. / The main pollinators of flowers that have cues visible under the ultraviolet wavelengths of sunlight are:
A. / Insects
B. / Birds
C. / Bats
D. / Humans
E. / Self-pollination
75. / The function of the endosperm and/or cotyledon is:
A. / Protection of the embryo
B. / Detection of photoperiod
C. / Detection of gravity
D. / To produce ethylene
E. / Nourishment of the embryo
76. / Functions of fruits do not include:
A. / Protection of seeds
B. / Dispersal of seeds by the wind or rain
C. / Dispersal of seeds by the fur of animals (or clothing of humans)
D. / Dispersal of seeds by animals eating the fruit, then defecating the seeds
E. / Nourishment of the embryo
77. / The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with one carpel is a ______fruit.
A. / Simple
B. / Double
C. / Aggregate
D. / Axillary
E. / Multiple
78. / An example of a multiple fruit (tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries fuse as the fruit develops) is a:
A. / Blackberry
B. / Pineapple
C. / Peach
D. / Pepper
E. / Strawberry
79. / The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is broken is:
A. / Fertilization
B. / Pollination
C. / Stagnation
D. / Germination
E. / Transpiration
80. / The hormone linked to the saying "one bad apple spoils the bushel" and that ripens fruit is:
A. / Auxin
B. / Jasmonic acid
C. / Ascisic acid
D. / Giberellin
E. / Ethylene
81. / A region of separation that forms near the base of the leaf's petiole when the leaf is shed is the:
A. / Casparian strip
B. / Mesophyll
C. / Statolith
D. / Endosperm
E. / Abscission zone
82. / A plant hormone that slows down growth and seed germination, and causes leaf abscission is:
A. / Ethylene
B. / Jasmonic acid
C. / Auxin
D. / Giberellin
E. / Abscisic acid
83. / Auxins promote:
A. / Cell elongation, particularly in above ground portions of a plant
B. / Cell division, particularly in above ground portions of a plant
C. / Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. / The onset of plant dormancy
E. / The onset of plant leaf abscission
84. / Cytokinins promote:
A. / Cell elongation, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
B. / Cell division, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
C. / Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. / The onset of plant dormancy
E. / The onset of plant leaf abscission
85. / Gibberellins promote:
A. / Cell elongation, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
B. / Cell division, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
C. / Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. / The onset of plant dormancy
E. / The onset of plant leaf abscission
86. / Jasmonic acid does not do the following:
A. / Helps defend plants by stimulating the creation of protease inhibitors that interfere with caterpillars’ digestion
B. / Causes plants to make a gas that attracts wasps that are parasitic on caterpillars
C. / ‘Tells’ other plants to also make jasmonic acid
D. / Is seen in action in plants such as tomatoes
E. / Stimulate plant growth by encouraging cell division and elongation
87. / Phytochromes are a type of plant:
A. / Photoreceptor molecule
B. / Molecule that has no effect on the plant’s genes or phenotype
C. / Molecule that assist in photosynthesis
D. / Pigment molecule that absorbs blue light
E. / Molecule that has psychoactive properties
88. / Plant photoreceptors help the plant in:
A. / Phototropism
B. / Thigmotropism
C. / Gravitropism
D. / Eurotropism
E. / Chemitropism
89. / The photoperiod is not:
A. / The amount of daylight
B. / A measure that changes depending on the season
C. / A measure that plants use, some being long-day, others being short-day
D. / A measure that relates to circadian rhythms
E. / The length of time a camera lens is open to light
90. / Gravitropism is:
A. / How much gravity occurs in the tropics
B. / The lack of gravity in outer space
C. / A plant’s response to gravity
D. / A plant’s response to contact with other objects
E. / A plant’s response to light
91. / Statoliths are probably involved in:
A. / Phototropism
B. / Thigmotropism
C. / Gravitropism
D. / Eurotropism
E. / Chemitropism
92. / Thigmotropism is:
A. / A plant’s response to gravity
B. / A plant’s response to contact with other objects
C. / A plant’s response to light
D. / A plant’s response to music
E. / A plant’s response to temperature
93. / Plant senescence does not include and/or describe:
A. / The natural aging of plants
B. / The changing of leaves to various shades of brown and then falling off in the Autumn in deciduous plants
C. / Plants switching their metabolism from synthesis to breakdown
D. / Periodicity with the annual seasons
E. / Mechanisms for increased water usage
94. / A state of decreased metabolism in plants is called:
A. / Germination
B. / Fertilization
C. / Dormancy
D. / Hibernation
E. / Abscission
95. / According to the Botany of Desire, the apple was spread across the US Western Territory mainly because of:
A. / Their delicious, sweet, edible fruit
B. / The readily production of a fermented alcoholic beverage (hard cider) from its fruit
C. / The American Black Bear’s like of the fruit
D. / The saying “an apple a day, keeps the doctor away”
E. / The National Prohibition Act
96. / Agricultural monocultures are a very bad idea for many reasons; these include:
A. / They require much less pesticide than other types of agriculture
B. / The population is very susceptible to environmental pests and disease
C. / The population is less susceptible to environmental pests and disease
D. / Far greater yields of economically desirable strains can be grown
E. / Far smaller yields of economically desirable strains can be grown
97. / Also according the Botany of Desire, Cannabis has been extensively bred and distributed about the world:
A. / By humans in search of an intoxicant
B. / By birds that eat the seeds
C. / Because it readily hybridizes and grows in varied climates
D. / It has not been extensively bred and does not grow all over the world
E. / Because of its widespread prohibition
98. / Cannabis’ psychoactive component, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), is not:
A. / Directly manufactured by the plant
B. / Manufactured by humans from the plant
C. / A chemical that mimics an endogenous (naturally inside of us) chemical named anandamide
D. / Similar to an endogenous (naturally inside of us) chemical system that helps us to forget
E. / A chemical that vertebrates desire
99. / What did you fill in on the side of the computerized answer sheet?
A. / My name (last name first), the course and section number, and the date
B. / Nothing!
C. / Something illegible!
D. / Only my name!
E. / None of your business
100. / What did you fill in on the very end of the computerized answer sheet?
A. / My VSU student ID, printed and bubbled in
B. / Nothing!
C. / Something illegible!
D. / The wrong VSU student ID!
E. / Only the printed number, no bubbles!

1