2008年职称英语综合类教材新增部分内容
第一部分 词汇选项
（两篇）
词汇学习 1：
- Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?
A)contact B)consult
C)phone D)visit
2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop.
A)chance B)employment
C)room D)opportunity
3. I have to go at once.
A)soon B)immediately
C)now D)early
4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief.
A)name B)distinguish
C)capture D)separate
5. We wereall there when the accident occurred.
A)happened B)broke
C)spread D)appeared
6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work.
A)do B)achieve
C)improve D)finish
7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.
A)nicely B)apparently
C)finally D)naturally
8. We had a long conversation about her parents.
A)talk B)speech
C)debate D)discussion
9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.
A)go to B)prepare for
C)speak to D)do to
10. They have made up his mind to give up smoking.
A)tried B)attempt
C)agreed D)decided
11.Your teacher will take you illness into account when making your exams.
A)calculation B)computation
C)consideration D)assessment
12. We have to put up with her behavior.
A)tolerate B)accept
C)swallow D)take
13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.
A) ended B) abandoned
C) built D)strengthen
14. I seldom watch TV.
A) rarely B) frequently
C) normally D) occasionally
15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl's bad tooth.
A) dig B) draw
C) pull D) extract
答案：
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D
11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D
词汇练习6：
*1. With immense relief, I stopped running.
A) much B) enormous
C) little D) extensive
*2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.
A) build up B) put up
C) make up D) clear up
*3. WhenJack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.
A) skipped B) passed
C) reached D) led
*4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
A) possible B) profitable
C) easy D) wise
*5. Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzleabout why our outermostplanet exists.
A) problem B) mystery
C) question D) point
*6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.
A) spread B) open
C) show D) examine
*7. Why can't you stop your eternal complaining!
A) everlasting B) long
C) monotonous D) lengthy
*8. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.
A) describes B) draws
C) writes D) introduces
*9. The telephone system is no longer operative.
A) running B) moving
C) rotating D) working
*10. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake
A) shaken B) fallen
C) damaged D) trembled
*11. The latest car model embodies many new improvements.
A) consists of B) includes
B) makes up D) marks
*12. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view..
A) darkened B) held
C) blackened D) prevent
*13. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.
A) disallow B) reduce
C) prevent D) confine
*14. The discovery was sensational.
A) sexy B) surprising
C) exceptional D) exciting
*15. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.
A) walk B) rest
C) bath D) breath
答案：
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B
6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.A
第二部分阅读判断
第一篇
A New Start
After Christmas comes the anti-Christmas. If the festive season is all about filing up on the things you like that are bad for you, then the new year is the ‘detox season' - when people acrossthe western world adopt special diets to lose weight and get rid of the vague feeling that theyhave spent the last few weeks poisoning themselves.
But are detox diets really necessary? After all, the body itself gets rid of unwanted substances. That's what the liver and kidney are for.
"The detox fad - or fads, as there are many methods - is an example of the capacity of people to believe in and pay for magic despite the lack of any sound evidence1," says MartinWiseman, professor of human nutrition at the University of Southampton in the UK.
Most of the pills, juices, teas and oils that are sold for their detoxifying effects on the body have no scientific foundation for their claims, according to the research. People would be betteroffhaving a glass of water and going to bed early.
Detox diets may be magic rather science, but they are the kind of magic which many people want to perform. That may have something to do with the westen diet in general.
Scientists and dieticians argue that the benefits people feel are not due to their body getting rid of excessive toxins but are due to changing from what is likely to have been a 'poor' diet.
Having fewer headaches, for example, is probably the result of being fully hydrated due todrinking so much water and better skin may be due to eating more fruit and vegetables.
Detox diets may also be dangerous, as they may deprive vulnerable groups – pregnant women, for instance, or growing teenagers - of the kind of nutrients they need.
Yet their popularity continues to rise. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many western cultures2. Generally, a country's food develops along with itseconomy and society. Food becomes part of a person's cultural identity.
In some countries, this link has been broken. In the UK, for example, rapid industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries saw millions of people move from the countryside to the townsinterrupting the development of a national cuisine. The United States, a country of immigrantsfrom many different places, has found it hard to develop a national cuisine: In both places, comparatively few people cook for themselves and food supply is .dominated by big processingand agribusiness companies.
Detox diets are more popular in these countries than in places like France and Italy, where strong links between food and national culture remain, and where far more people regularly cookfor themselves instead of buying processed foods.
Perhaps detox diets are successful because many westerners have lost mast in what they eat. On the other hand, they may help re-introduce people to the kind of food that is necessary for ahealthy diet. And after learning that, they won't poison themselves in the first place.
This would mean radical changes in the way that people eat across the west. And that would be an unwelcome development for the food industry. From the business point of view, it is much better to sell people the problem and then sell them the solution.
词汇：
Detox v. & n. 解毒、去毒
fad n.风尚
dietician n.饮食学家
hydrate v.水化，使吸水
cuisine n. 烹饪术
agribusiness n. 农业综合经营
注释：
1. the capacity of people to believe in and pay for magic despite the lack of any soundevidence人们在缺乏证据的情况下相信魔法，并愿意为之付出代价的习性
2. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many western cultures.
这可能和食物在许多西方文化中的地位有关。be something to do with 和have something to do with同义。
练习
1. Detox begins after Christmas when people think that they have been overeating during theChristmas season and have taken in many substances that are bad for their health.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Many pregnant women and growing teenagers are suffering from mal-nutrition because ofthe detox-diets they take.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Both the UK and the USA lack a national cuisine as a result of similar historical
development.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. The French and the Italians cook for themselves more often than the British and theAmericans, which helps them to keep the link between food and their culture.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. On the whole the eastern people like the Chinese and the Japanese have a stronger linkbetween their food and their culture than the western people.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. A positive effect of detox diets is that it helps people to see what foods are good for theirhealth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Food industry would make even greater profits if people should all start to eat healthy foodsand stop poisoning themselves.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
1. A这句话正是文章第一段的意思。圣诞节大吃大喝，新年一开始人们就开始设法减肥，并消除在过去几周里吃下了不利健康的有毒物质的疑虑。
2. B文章里讲到解读饮食甚至有危险，有可能使孕妇和正在长身体的青少年营养不足，不过这个情况并没有真正发生。
3. B这句话的前半句是对的，英美两国都缺乏典型的饮食：但后半句话不对，造成这种情况的原因两国不同，英国是工业化的结果，美国则是移民国家的结果。
4. A 在文章的倒数第三段里讲的很清楚。
5. C文章中没有提及东方文化的情况。
6. A 答题依据在倒数第二段，解读饮食容易到西方人的追捧，因为他们对自己吃的东西已经失去信心。但反过来说，解读饮食可能有助于重新向人们介绍那些对一种健康的饮食来说是必要的食物。
7. B 答题依据在最后一段里，食品工业并不希望人们都吃健康食品，因为先把有问题的不健康的食品卖给大家吃，然后再把解决问题的饮食方式推销给大家，食品工业可以两边都盈利。
第十一篇
Will Hillary Be the Next American President?
Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: "In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.1”
Today, not too far off Nixon's deadline, America is looking at that possibility. Over theweekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for2008 presidency.
US polls indicate that Americans feel comfortable with a female president. A New YorkTimes survey found nearly all Americans saying they would vote for president if she werequalified.
However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quite different from voting an actual woman. In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a woman in the top position.
This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidentialcontender.
"There's still an inherent nervousness on the part of voters putting a woman in as the ultimate decision-maker. Control of the army and border security are sorts of traditionally malejobs," commented Amy Walter, an American campaign analyst.“That's where I think votersconsciously or unconsciously have difficulties with women candidates."
Women have held the top job in other major Western countries. In 1979, Britain elected Margaret Thatcher prime minister. Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first femalechancellor.
In the US, no woman has succeeded in being nominated as a presidential candidate. One woman did make the attempt: Elizabeth Dole. In 1999, she tried to get the Republican Partynomination. But Dole could only raise $ 5 million for her bid - compared with the $ 56 millionGeorge W. Bush raised.
So Barriers lie ahead for Hillary if she wants to make history by becoming the first femaleUS president. With the Iraqi war underway, she'll find it even harder.
"I don't feel that our society is ready for a woman president. The enemy we face does not respect females the same way we have come to see them as equals. If we were not in this war, Iwould support a woman president2,” said Chris Dildy, a computer engineering student.
词汇：
Bias v. & n. (有) 偏见
analyst n. 分析工作者
Chancellor n. (德国、奥地利等)总理
注释：
1. "In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think."
在下一个五十年里，我们将会看见一个女总统，或许比我们想的要快些。
2. If we were not in this war, I would support a woman president.
如果我们不在打一场战争，我会支持选一位女总统的。
练习：
1. Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. One of Hillary's campaign promises is to reform the nation's health care system.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Hillary has already raised a large amount of campaign fund.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.A 句子说的是：迄今为止在美国没有一个女人选举为总统。选A。文章的第一个句子是这么说的：Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: "In thenext 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think."早在1969年，美国总统Richard Nixon 很有信心地预测：“在下一个五十年里，我们将会看见一个女总统，或许比我们想的要快些。”
2. C 句子说的是: Bill Clinton 将强力支持Hillary 参加2008年总统选举。文章没有提到。因此选C
3. B 句子说的是：美国人民在2008年将选一位女总统，这个命题是错的。文章第四段是这么说的:However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quitedifferent from voting an actual woman. In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a womanin the top position.然而，接受女总统作为一个理论概念跟选举女总统是两回事。事实上，人们仍然普遍不信任女人能任领袖的。
4.C 句子说的是：Hillary的一个竞选许诺是改革国家的医疗制度。文章讲到女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势，但没说Hillary的一个竞选许诺是改革国家的医疗制度。
5. A 句子说的是：德国去年选了一个女总理。文章第七段有这么一句话：Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.去年，德国选举了Angela Merkel为德国第一位女总理。因此句子表达的命题是正确的。
6. C 句子说的是：Hillary已经筹集到了一大笔竞选款。文章没有提到。
7. B 句子说的是: Chris Dildy 要投Hillary 的票。从文章的最后一句话我们知道Chris Dildy 是一个计算机工程专业的学生，他说了这么一句话：If we were not in this war, Iwould support a woman president.如果我们不在打一场战争，我会支持选一位女总统的。意思就是说，现在不支持。
第十五篇
Lower Body Fat Means Better Performance
These days, fashion models and pop stars are not the only people who have to watch their waistline. Football players who miss a few kicks and let their belly hanging out a little too muchare likely to be attacked by rabid fans or even the president of a country1.
The latest football star to draw the attention of the "fat police" is Barcelona's Ronaldinho,26. Last Friday, a Spanish sports daily published two photos of the Brazilian star without hisshirt. One was taken in November 2003; the other was taken this month. In the most recent one，the star's waistline seems to have a little extra padding2.
Another Spanish sports daily published similar before-and-aider photos and argued that the star has "lost his explosiveness and velocity" and is“worn out". The cause, according to thenews paper, is his poor physical fitness.
However, the player's coach, Frank Rijkaard, insists that he's satisfied with Ronaldinho's form and fitness. And after Barcelona's victory over Athletic Bibao on Sunday, Ronaldinhochallenged photographers to take pictures of him when he took off his shirt.
"I don't have anything to hide," he said.
Fellow Brazilian Ronaldo, 30, of Real Madrid, faced similar criticism before the 2006 World Cup. But the criticism didn't come from a bunch of sports reporters: It came from thepresident of Brazil.
"So, what is it?" Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva asked the national soccer team's coach in his office last June, according to the Associated Press. "Is he [Ronaldo] fat ornot?"
"He is very strong, president," Carlos Alberto Parreira reportedly said at the time. "He is not that boy anymore, His body type has changed."
The game of footfall demands that players put as much emphasis on fitness as they can do on dribbling, passing or shooting.
During a proper training regimen, football players normally follow a load-fatigue-recovery pattern3. They push their body toward a higher mark of fitness and experience a slight and briefdrop in performance. Then they begin the recovery process, which will ideally carry theirperformance to an even higher plane.
However, sometimes non-physical factors can influence a player's poor fitness. In Ronaldinho's case, for instance, people - often unnamed - have blamed everything from thepressure of contract negotiations to personal problems and too many advertising commitments.
词汇：
Rabid adj.偏激的
padding n.赘肉
velocity n.速度
dribble v. 运球
regimenn. 常规训练
注释：
1. Football players who miss a few kicks and let their belly hanging out a little too much arelikely to be attacked by rabid fans or even the president of a country.足球运动员没有踢中几个球或是他们的肚子耷拉得稍多了些，都会受到疯狂的球迷甚至是国家总统的谴责。
2. In the most recent one, the star's waistline seems to have a little extra padding.
在最近的一张照片里，这个球星的腰围上似乎多了一小块赘肉。
3. During a proper training regimen, football players normally follow a load-fatigue-recovery pattern.在正式的常规训练期间，足球运动员在一般情况下需要按照大运动量——疲劳这一方式训练。
练习：
1. Fans can be very critical of a fashion model's figure.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. People like football stars more than they like pop stars.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. Ronaldinho is a well-known Spanish star.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. The president of Brazil showed no concem about Ronaldo's figure.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. According to Ca~losAlberto Parreira, Ronaldo's body shape has changed.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The football game demands a lot from players.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. Ronaldinho often goes to pubs.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.A 句子说的是：追星族们对时装模特儿的身材的要求很苛刻。这个命题是对的。文章的第一个句子是这么说的: These days, fashion models and pop stars are not the onlypeople who have to watch their waistline.现在，不知是时装模特儿和流行歌曲歌星需要注意他们的腰围了。当然这个句子还蕴涵着其他人也要注意自己的身材。
2.C 句子说的是：比起流行歌曲歌星来，人们更喜欢球星。文章没有提到。
3.B 句子说的是：Ronaldinho 是一个知名度很高的西班牙球星。这个命题是错的，第二段有这样一个句子：Last Friday, a Spanish sports daily published two photos of theBrazilian star without his shirt.上星期五，一家西班牙运动日报刊登了巴西球星的两张光着膀子的照片。这就说明Ronaldinho 是巴西球星，而不是西班牙球星。
4.B 句子说的是：巴西总统并不关心Ronaldo 的身材。这个命题是错的。差不多在文章的中间有这么一个问题："Is he [Ronaldo] fat or not?" (他[Ronaldo]胖还是不胖？)这是巴西总统提的。
5.A 句子说的是：根据Carlos Alberto Parreira的说法, Ronaldo 的体型变了。这个命题是对的。他是这么说的：“他不再是孩子了，他的体型变了。”
6. A 句子说的是：足球运动对球员有很高的要求。这个命题是对的。文章的倒数第三段有详细的说明。
7. C 句子说的是：Ronaldinho常去酒馆。文章没有提到。
第三部分 概括大意与完成句子
第一篇
The Making of a Success Story
1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business - IKEA.
2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modem, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad'swares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, includingwatches, pens and stockings.
3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture wasall designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were veryencouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspectof the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for itsspacious stores with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people orderedfrom catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people lovedbeing able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and thecompany continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.
5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kampradwas inspired. The mart had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Fiat packaging wouldmean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and salessoared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as havingconnotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading tobetter sales and continued expansion.
6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managedto keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. Hecurrently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEAitself, though, just keeps on growing.
词汇：
entrepreneur n.企业家
ware n.货物
minimalist adj. 最简单的
self-sufficiency自足
注释：
1. minimalistfumiture 风格简约的家具
2. discounted prices 折扣价
3. flat packaging 平板包装
练习：
1. Paragraph 2
2. Paragraph 3