2 Hoffmann, Gen. Pl. Umbell.: 180, Xxviii 3 (1814)

Conioselinum 1

Conioselinum Fisch. ex Hoffm.[1]

[2]Hoffmann, Gen. Pl. Umbell.: 180, xxviii[3] (1814).

Conioselinum tataricumHoffm.

Hoffmann, Gen. Pl. Umbell., ed. 2: 135 (1816). – Described from southern Russia.

C. boreale Schischk. (1951). – C. chinense (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. subsp. boreale (Schischk.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (1976).

C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. (1926).

[4]DRusserkommen. Ftataarikumina. Nrussekjeks. Sryssilja.

Hemicryptophyte. [5]Glabrous perennial, to 70 cm (occasionally taller); taproot (2–)4–5(–7) mm thick, simple or often with two main branches. Stem hollow; basal part 3–8(–10) mm thick (often thicker upwards), nearly terete or weakly sulcate, reddish or pinkish, not or slightly glaucous, mostly without remains of dead leaves; upper internodes sulcate, green og[1] purple-tinged. Leaves 1(–2) at the base and (2–)3–4(–5) on the stem (basal leaves smaller than the lower stem leaves); sheaths yellowish green or mostly tinged with purple, in upper leaves very strongly inflated and reaching the leaf-blade, in basal leaves and the lowermost stem leaf[2] little inflated; petiole of upper leaves 2–5.5 cm (including the sheath)[3], in lower leaves (3–)6–10(–15) cm (excepting the sheath); blade 2-pinnate, triangular in outline, (4–)6–14(–18) cm (and about as wide), upper side green, lower side paler. Primary leaflets 4–6(–7) pairs; angle leaflet/rachis (30–)45–80(–90); longest petiolule (5–)10–30(–40) mm[6]. Ultimate leaflets 1–2-pinnatifid[7], with (4–)5–8(–10) pairs of lobes; petiolule (5–)10–30(–40) mm[4]; blade (15–)20–40(–45) × (5–)10–15(–20) mm (length/width ratio 2–2.5); margin flat; base broadly attenuate (often oblique) to truncate. Ultimate lobes (2–)3–7(–9) × 1–3(–5) mm (length/width ratio 1.5–3); apices obtuse to rounded with very small, pale tips[5][6].

Umbels convex (sometimes semiglobose)[7], (2–)2.5–4(–5) cm high, (2.5–)3–6(–8) cm wide; peduncle (5–)10–18(–25) cm, sulcate; rays straight, 1–2.5 cm, distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bracts usually absent (or caducous, narrowly membrane-bordered, of varying shape, not ciliate)[8]. Umbellules (7–)12–15(–18); pedicels (3–)4–6(–7) mm, distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets (5–)6–10(–12), persistent, 4–12(–25) × 0.1–0.5(–1.2) mm, rarely with 1–2 small lobes, green (no membranous border), minutely denticulate. Flowers not zygomorphic[8], (18–)20–26(–30) per umbellule; sepals absent; petals greenish white, often tinged with pink on the back (buds thereby appearing pink), 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1 mm, entire or emarginate[9](apical cut to 0.1 mm); filaments 1.8–2.2 mm; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm. Fruit oblong in outline, smooth and glabrous; carpophore filiform, divided almost to the base. Mericarps 4.1–4.7 × 1.8–2.2 × 1.1–1.3 mm (length/width ratio 2–2.5); ridges in cross section high and narrow, with a narrowly rounded edge; valleculae rather narrow, each with 1–4 red-brown vittae; stylopodium convex to very broadly conical, 0.6–1.1 mm wide; style 1–1.5 mm, curved outwards and downwards[10]. – Mid-summer to late summer.

[2n=22][11] – A tetraploid count (2n=44) was reported from NE Norway (Löve & Löve 1975, as C. chinense subsp. boreale) but no confirming voucher has been seen.[9]

Distribution and habitat. MBor–NBor; in Norden mostly at sea level. Distinctly continental in most of its range. – Ndistinctly coastal, scattered from VFi Loppa to ØFi Vardø and Sør-Varanger. Mostly in open[10], sun-exposed sites. Pasture, abandoned grassland[11], meadow margins, and especially on[12]inner, partly stable maritime drift-lines. Most sites are either on seashore or influenced by grazing. The species seems to be favoured by manure and by drift-line nutrients. – Map xxx.

The concentration to drift-lines and meadows along the inner shoreline indicate frequent dispersal by sea. At the same time the species has a certain concentration to Pomor trading sites frequented in the 15th to 19th centuries by Russian traders from the White Sea coasts, where the species is common. Introduction along the Pomor trading routes cannot be excluded; this mode of introduction is also suspected for a few other plants (Alopecurus arundinaceus and Stellaria hebecalyx)[13].

Eastern Europe and central-northern Asia from N Norway, NE Poland and Austria east to C Asia and E Yakutia.[14]

Taxonomy. [15] Conioselinum tataricum belongs to an interruptedly circumboreal group that also includes the amphi-Pacific C. pacificum (S. Watson) J.M. Coult. & Rose and C. chinense (eastern North American, despite its name). The three taxa are allopatric, and best considered as different species; they differ in several characters assumed to be inherited independently. C. tataricum is distinctly continental whereas the two others have distinctly oceanic distributions; C. tataricum is probably diploid only (2n=22) while C. pacificum is also tetraploid (2n=44).[12]

Crithmum 1

Crithmum L.[13]

Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 246 (1753).

Crithmum maritimum L. 1753. Nsanktpeterskjerm. S***.[16] – Low, succulent perennial. Stem terete, solid, usually distinctly glaucous. Leaves 1–2-ternate, with 3-lobed ultimate leaflets; lobes lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, with acute apices and entire margins.

Umbels with (10–)20–26 glabrous, thick rays and several narrowly ovate bracts and bractlets. Flowers small; petals light yellow, emarginate. Fruit ovate in outline, not flattened, yellow-brown, 3–5 mm long, with low, inconspicuous ridges.

A recent spontaneous incomer on gravelly, bouldery and rocky seashores of southern N. – NVA Kristiansand 2004, 2005, 2007[14], Farsund 2001, Flekkefjord 2003, 2004, Ro Hå 2001. – European Atlantic coast, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

Ligusticum 1

Ligusticum L.[15]

Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.: 250 (1753).

Ligusticum scothicum L. [16]

Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.: 250 (1753). – Ligusticum scoticum L. (1759), orth. var. – Haloscias scothicum (L.) Fr. (1846). Type: Clifford Herbarium 97, Ligusticum 3 (BM) lectotype, sel. by Reduron & Jarvis, Regnum Veg. 127: 61 (1993).

Dlostik. Frantaputki. Faskotsk meistaraurt[17]. Isæhvönn. Nstrandkjeks. Sstrandloka.

Literature: Cedergren-Gelting 1993, Hinneri & Santamala 2000, Lampolahti & Suominen 1996.[18]

Hemicryptophyte. Perennial, glabrous herb, to 50 cm (occasionally taller), usually with numerous short vegetative shoots at the base; taproot 7–15 mm thick, simple or branched. Stem hollow; basal part 4–7 mm thick, weakly sulcate, shiningly purplish (not glaucous), sometimes with remains of dead leaves; upper internodes indistinctly sulcate, mostly green. Leaves 2–4 at base and 2–4 on the stem (basal leaves and lower stem leaves are the largest); sheaths narrow, the lower ones shiningly purplish, the upper ones with pale purplish to pink margins; petiole (2–)5–20(–25) cm; blade ***[17], deep green above, somewhat glaucous below, larger blades 2-ternate, smaller ones ternate with primary leaflets dissected into (2–)3 lobes, (3–)4–20(–30) cm, as long as wide or slightly wider.[19]. Primary leaflets with angle leaflet/rachis 30–45(–60); petiolule of apical leaflet[20] 20–45(–60) mm, of lateral leaflets 15–35(–50) mm. Ultimate leaflets entire to three-lobed with incision 10–50% of length; petiolule 0–20 mm; blade 25–60 × 20–50 mm (length/width ratio 1–1.5); base shortly attenuate to attenuate (rarely truncate); margin flat, dentate with obtuse to acute, pinkish-tipped teeth.[18][21]

Umbels flat or slightly convex, 1.5–2.5 cm high, 3–7 cm wide; peduncle 5–15(–20) cm, very distinctly papillose just below the umbel but otherwise indistinctly papillose to nearly smooth[19]; rays mostly straight to irregularly curved, 2–5 cm, sulcate, distinctly papillose at base but otherwise indistinctly papillose to smooth. Bracts 4–10(–12), persistent, 15 × 1 mm[22]; border membranous, often pink. Umbellules (7–)9–13(–15); pedicels 0.5–1 cm, distinctly papillose (especially at the ends). Bractlets (5–)6–10(–12), ±persistent, 5–9 × 0.4–0.9 mm[23]; border membranous, pink. Flowers not zygomorphic, (20–)25–35 per umbellule; sepals 0.2–0.3 mm, triangular to cordate with pale margin and apex, persistent; petals white, distinctly pink in bud, 1.6–2 × 0.8–1 mm, emarginate (apical cut 0.1–0.2 mm deep); filaments 1.4–1.8 mm; anthers 0.3–0.6 mm.[24]Fruit elliptic in outline, glabrous, smooth; carpophore filiform, divided. Mericarps 4–5 × 1.5–2 × 0.7–1 mm (length/width ratio 1.8–2.5); ridges in cross section high and narrow, sharp-edged; stylopodium low-conical, 0.8–1.1 mm wide; style 0.4–0.6 mm, directed upwards to outwards.[25] – Early summer to mid-summer.

2n=22 (NVf). – [2n=22]

Distribution. Nem–NBor(–LAlp). Alt. NNT 450 m. – Mainly along the western coasts of Norden; in the Baltic a recent immigrant, possibly first introduced by cargo holds of freighters[20], but subsequently rapidly spread by sea currents. DNJy scattered along the western coast and on Læsø, previously also on Hirsholmene; VJy Lemvig 1960.[26]. Ncommon to frequent along the entire coast, but less frequent in the inner fjord parts of Ak and Bu. [27]Scommon along the west coast south to northern Sk; along the east coast a recent immigrant: [28]Bl Förkärla 1920’s (not established); scattered in northern Upl (known since 1947), Gst (since 1943), Hls (since 1946) and Ång Nora, Nordingrå and Själevad (since 1968). [29]Ffirst recorded in St Merikarvia 1968 and A Eckerö 1969; later in A Föglö (since 1992) and Kumlinge (since 1998), V Kustavi and Uusikaupunki (both since 1999), St Luvia (since 1994), EP Kristiinankaupunki (since 1996), Maalahti (since 1998), and U Helsinki (since 1992). Fafairly common[30]. Ifrequent along the western coast in IVe and western INv, rare in the other coastal provinces: ISu 3–4 records, IAu 4–5 records[31], and INo two records. – Map xxx.

Amphi-Atlantic; in Europe from N British Isles and N Denmark to the White Sea and Kanin Peninsula; in North America from New York north to southern Labrador and in the James Bay parts of Hudson Bay, rare in S and SW Greenland; in the Northen Pacific the closely related Ligusticum hultenii Fernald (L. scothicum subsp. hultenii (Fernald) Calder & R.L. Taylor).[32]

Habitat. A specialist of coastal cliffs, boulder and gravel shores, and marine drift-lines; occasionally up to the low alpine belt, in cliff crevices in coastal mountains (especially in western N from Ro north to SNo). Favoured by nutrients from drift and bird manure, and sometimes a co-dominant in manured sites.

Biology. The fruits have excellent flotation tissue and the species is obviously spread mainly by sea.[33] – An early investigation of temperature regulation of distributions (*temperature**)[21] included Ligusticum scothicum and demonstrated that its southern limit in the British Isles coincided with *** temperatures of ***[22]. – Very aromatic. In Scandinavia there is no tradition for use as a condiment, but some medical uses are recorded, i.e., to enhance pregnancy in cows (Høeg 1975).[23]

Variation. No variation of significance has been observed in the Nordic material of the species.[24]

Similar taxa. Ligusticum scothicum may resemble Angelica archangelica when not in flower, but is distinguished by dark green, 2-ternate leaves and purplish sheaths; petioles and lower parts of the stem are also different.[25]

Crithmum 1

References

Conioselinum

References Crithmum

References Ligusticum[26]

Cedergren-Gelting, K. 1993: Vad har hänt med strandloka, Ligusticum scoticum, sedan 1943? Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 87: 255–261.
Hinneri, S. & Santamala, E. 2000: Rantaputki Uudenkapungiun ja Kustavin (V) sekä Kumlingen (A) saaristoissa. Lutukka 16: 43–46.
Lampolahti, J. & Suominen, J. 1996: Rantaputki myötätuulessa Pohjanlahdella. Lutukka 12: 115–118.

*founder effects**

Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998

Høeg 1975

*temperature**

[1] Conioselinum (Reidar Elven)
version 5 (bearbetad efter interngranskning av Lars Fröberg, Thomas Karlsson och Magdalena Agestam (fram till 090227).

[2]Obs! måste väl vara “Hoffman, Gen. Pl. Umbell.: 180...” /LF
Aouch, riktigt, tydligen hade jag strukit Hoffmann istället för Fischer. OBS Hoffmann med två ”n”! /MA

[3]THOMAS: skriver vi så eller gör vi om till arabiska siffror?
Företalet är paginerat med romerska siffror och vi ska inte göra om det.
Stryk ”Fischer ex” här i det finstilta.
/ThK 2009-01-30

[4]DRusserkommen. / ThK 2009-01-30
Ftataarikumina. / Raino via ThK 2009-02-05

[5]Även blad kala vid snabb koll/LF

[6]Tidigare text: “petiolule of the largest pair (5–)10–30(–40) mm”; mått till ny formulering förefaller OK efter snabb koll/LF

[7] Här stod ” pinnatisect ” – menas som Sorbus hybrida eller enligt termlistan (enligt termlistan betyder det att pinnae är ”confluent” med mittnerven, men de är helt skilda, den är fri mellan – vilket i inledningen inkluderas i pinnate). Förefaller vara pinnatifid efter snabb koll i herbariet /LF

[8] varför? Det är väl standard? Håller ej med – ‘actinomorphic’ avser väl att ALLA blommor är ±radiärsymmetriska, vilket inte är så vanligt bland umbellaterna och bör finnas med i beskrivningen /LF
”Actinomorphic” ändrat till ”not zygomorphic”.

[9] “entire or emarginate” inlagt efter koll/LF

[10]style directed outwards to deflexed?/LF
Jag tycker det är bättre som det står; det är svårt att få style-beskrivningarna vettiga om man vill ha ”style” i singularis….

[11] Chromosome counts from C Europe (Hindakova 1978, Wetschnig & Leute 1991) and from Siberia (Rostovtseva 1979, 1982, 1984, Pimenov & Vassiljeva 1983, Alexeeva et al. 1994).

[12] REIDAR:
Tidigare formulering (ändrad, se kommentarer nedan):
Conioselinum tataricum belongs to an interruptedly circumboreal species group that also includes the eastern North American C. chinense (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (with designed type from New York, in spite of its name) and the amphi-Pacific C. pacificum (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. & Rose. These three are allopatric; C. tataricum has a distinctly continental general distribution whereas the two others are distinctly oceanic. They differ in several characters assumed to be inherited independently, and are best considered as different species. C. pacificum is also tetraploid (2n=44) whereas C. tataricum probably is diploid only (2n=22).

Det här är tvetydigt, kan läsas som att den ena har båda kromosomtalen, den andra bara det diploida talet – eller som att den ena är tetraploid, den andra diploid.
Föreslår omformulering
ANTINGEN
Diploid and tetraploid Conioselinum pacificum has been found (2n=22, 44), C. tataricum is probably always diploid (2n = 22).
ELLER
Further, Conioselinum pacificum is tetraploid (2n = 44), C. tataricum probably always diploid (2n=22).
(….och C. chinense då? Jag antar att den inte är intressant för oss, men logiskt sett borde även dess kromosomtal nämnas!)/MA

[13] by Lars Fröberg (2008)

[14] lägg till 2007 / Høiland via ThK 2009-02-07

[15] Ligusticum (Reidar Elven)
version 5 (bearbetad efter interngranskning av Lars Fröberg, Thomas Karlsson och Magdalena Agestam (fram till 090227).

[16] BENGT, ThK: ** What about Linnaeus' spelling: 'scothicum'? **/RE The original spelling from Species plantarum is “scothieum”, which should be corrected to “scothicum”; the orthographic variant “scoticum” occurs in “Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 958 (1759)” [cfr. Jarvis (2007), “Order out of Chaos, Linnean plant names and their types”]; both occur in recent literature and should be cited (“scoticum” e.g. in Flora Europaea and the British Flora by Stace)/LF

[17] Faroese name? ”skotsk meistararurt” enligt färöfloran / ThK 2009-01-31
Obs! ‘meistaraurt’ enligt Jóhansen (2000); ‘meistarurt’ enligt Rasmussen (1952) /LF
Alltså tre varianter?
Thomas hade nog skrivit av fel, för det blir ingen träff på Google med ”meistararurt” men ”ungefär 56” med ”meistaraurt”.

[18] Vi lägger till ett Literature-avsnitt här. Spridningen i Östersjön beskrivs i ett par artiklar:

Literature: Cedergren-Gelting 1993, Hinneri & Santamala 2000, Lampolahti & Suominen 1996.

[19]rounded to triangular–heptagonalin outline
REIDAR: jag kan inte föreställa mig triangular-heptagonal så det avser väl triangular to heptagonal.
Avses rundad eller ganska regelbundet kantig, alla varianter möjliga (rounded or 3-7-angular),
eller rundad eller uddataligt kantig (rounded or 3- or 5- or 7-angular)
eller något annat?/MA Jag har generellt endast angett längd, bredd och kvot om bladen är sammansatta (det kan vara problematisk att approximera formen hos sammansatta blad, eftersom den tänkta kanten är diskontinuerlig)/LF

[20] REIDAR: här stod ”middle leaflet”, ändrat till ”apical leaflet”, antar att du bara använt en annan term.

[21]Originaltext på vegetativa delar: Hemicryptophyte. Perennial herb, to 50 cm (occasionally taller), usually with numerous, short, vegetative shoots at the base; taproot 7–15 mm thick, simple or branched. Stem at the base 4–7 mm thick, weakly sulcate, shiningly purplish, glabrous, not glaucous, without or with a few remains of dead leaves; upper internodes indistinctly sulcate, glabrous, mostly green. Leaves 2–4 at base and 2–4 on the stem, basal leaves and the lower stem leaves the largest; sheaths narrow, the lower ones shiningly purplish, the upper ones with pale purplish to pink margins; petiole (2–)5–20(–25) cm; blade deep green above, somewhat glaucous below, larger blades bi-ternate, smaller ones ternate with primary leaflets dissected into (2–)3 lobes, (3–)4–20(–30) cm, as long as wide or slightly wider, rounded to triangular–heptagonal in outline. Primary leaflets with angle leaflet/rachis 30–45(–60); petiolule of terminal leaflet 20–45(–60) mm, of lateral leaflets 15–35(–50) mm. Ultimate leaflets with 0–20 mm long petiolule; blade entire to three-lobed with incision 10–50 % of length, 25–60  20–50 mm, 1–1.5 times as long as wide; base shortly attenuate to attenuate (rarely truncate); margins plane, crenate to dentate; apices obtuse to acute, pinkish.

[22] Struket:
narrowly linear to very narrowly oblanceolate, entire
Svepebladens form är normalt inte angiven /LF

[23] Struket:
narrowly linear, entire
Svepebladens flikighet med endast om de är flikiga/LF

[24]Tidigare text på blomkaraktärer: Umbels flat or with a slightly convex top, mostly with straight to irregularly curved rays, 1.5–2.5 cm high, 3–7 cm wide; peduncle 5–15(–20) cm, very distinctly papillose just below the umbel, else indistinctly papillose to nearly smooth. Bracts 4–10(–12), narrowly linear to very narrowly oblanceolate, entire, with membranous, often pink margin, 15  1 mm. Umbellules (7–)9–13(–15); rays with a maximum length of 2–5 cm, sulcate, distinctly papillose at base, indistinctly papillose to smooth otherwise. Bractlet in outer umbellules (5–)6–10(–12), ±persistent, narrowly linear, entire, with membranous, pink margin, 5–9  0.4–0.9 mm. Flowers actinomorphic, in outer umbellules (20–)25–35; pedicels with a maximum length of 0.5–1 cm, distinctly papillose, especially at base and top; sepals 0.2–0.3 mm, triangular to cordate with pale margin and apex, persistent; petals white, distinctly pink in bud, 1.6–2  0.8–1 mm, with a 0.1–0.2 mm apical notch; filaments 1.4–1.8 mm; anthers 0.3–0.6 mm.

[25]Tidigare text på fruktkaraktärer: Fruit elliptic in outline, glabrous, smooth; mericarps 4–5  1.5–2 mm, 0.7–1 mm thick, 1.8–2.5 times as long as wide; ridges in cross section high and narrow, sharp-edged; stylopodia low-conical, 0.8–1.1 mm wide; styles 0.4–0.6 mm, directed upwards to outwards.

[26]REIDAR, DANSKA GRANSKARE: Även uppgiven från LFM Rødby 1865 (Egholm 1951); osäker uppgift?/LF
För VJy ska lokal(er) anges istället för ”Very rare”.
Danskarna skriver:
”Rettelser til kortet: NJy skal have stor sort prik (ROSMPY); VJy skal have en lille hvid firkant (ENSLPY). ------I teksten (Distribution/D) foreslår vi følgende omformulering: "D NJy along the western coast (scattered) and on Læsø (5 localities, extant only at Horneks Odde), previously also on Hirsholmene; VJy Lemvig 1960". ------Vedrørende fodnote 25: Egholm (1951: 407) skriver: "Kun i det nordlige Jylland er losilk fundet; dog har Oeder i Flora Danica 1765 angivet den fra Rødby, men her findes den ikke mere". Vi kender ikke til noget herbariebelæg for dette fund, og vi har ikke taget hensyn til angivelsen i ovennævnte bemærkninger til kortet og teksten. Det må være op til forfatteren at bedømme troværdigheden af Oeder's gamle angivelse.”
Jag föreslår följande ändring: “DNJy scattered along the western coast and on Læsø, previously also on Hirsholmene; VJy Lemvig 1960.”

KARTA och GEOFIL. Ändringar i särskild fil.

[27] Scommon along the west coast south to northern Sk; along the east coast a recent immigrant: Bl Förkärla 1920’s (not established); scattered in northern Upl (known since 1947), Gst (since 1945), Hls (since 1946) and Ång Nora, Nordingrå and Själevad (since 1968). / ThK 2009-01-31
PETER STÅHL: Första fynd i Gästrikland redan 1943? Vem, var? Har frågats separat. Det rätta årtalet för Gst är 1943 (meddelat av Peter Ståhl) / ThK 2009-02-22
KART- och GEO-ändringar i särskild fil.
ThK 2009-02-07

[28]Lokal kompletterad; info för geofilen: SBl “på en holme i Tromtö skärgård, i klippskreva” (Erikson 1927: Ligusticum scoticum i Blekinge; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 21: 365-367 [foto-belägg]/LF