Assigned questions from Ch 6 1-5, 7, 9, 11-14
Problems: 1-7
Next week: Chapter 18
Quiz on Ch. 6 on Monday March 10
Exams will be returned on Friday
Buying on margin
Margin = equity
If you do not borrow at all you have 100% margin
Invest $1,000 in xyz
A) I purchase 100 shares of xyz at $10 per share (Cash)
Broker is willing to lend up to 50% of the value of stock
B) I can buy 200 shares of xyz and have a loan of $1000 outstanding
(buying on margin)
Sc 1: Stock is up $1
A)$1100 ($100 gain)
B)$2200 – 1000 = 1200 ($200 gain)
Leverage makes the ror larger
Sc 2: Stock is down $1
A)$900 ($100 loss)
B)$1800 – 1000 = 800 ($200 loss)
Leverage is a double edged sword
Margin requirements art regulated. SEC has delegated the authority
to Federal Reserve.
Initial margin (50%)
Maintenance margin (25%)
Qn. How big a price drop will trigger a margin call?
Min margin = 25%
Loan to Stock value = 75%
Stock price = $6.67
Short sales
Borrow shares and sell
On a later date, buy (back) and repay loan
While the loan is outstanding, you owe shares
Own shares ----- long position
Owe shares ------short position
Own / OweLong / Short
Gain if prices move up / Gain if prices move down
Lose if prices move down / Lose if prices move up
Receive dividends / Pay dividends
Losses limited / Losses unlimited
Up tick requirement
I short sell 100 share of xyz at $10 each
Proceeds from sale + 50% margin stays as a deposit against the short position
Margin call if stock price rises and my deposit falls below 125% of what is
needed to close the short position.
Types of orders
Market order – sell or buy as soon as possible at the going price
Limit order – specifies min/max acceptable price
( buy at $10 or lower/sell at $12 or higher)
Stop order – specifies a trigger. When the trigger is reached,
order becomes a market order
(Sell as soon as price reaches $12)