Name Class Date
Chapter 2MineralsChapter Test
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
1.An element is a substance that
a.exists naturally as a solid, liquid, and gas.
b.cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
c.is above 86 on the periodic table.
d.can be broken down only by chemical means.
2.Which particles make up atoms?
a.protons, neutrons, electrons
b.protons, electrons, nuclei
c.electrons, neutrons, ions
d.neutrons, electrons, molecules
3.Which of the following is an element?
a.water
b.hydrogen
c.air
d.carbon dioxide
4.When elements are more stable in a combined form,
which of the following forms?
a.atoms
b.metals
c.nuclei
d.compounds
5.A compound contains two or more
a.elements physically combined.
b.simple substances.
c.elements chemically combined.
d.nuclei combined with electrons.
6.Isotopes are atoms of an element
a.with the same number of electrons but different numbers
of protons.
b.that are radioactive.
c.with a magnetic charge.
d.with the same number of protons but different number of
neutrons.
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7.Chemical bonds are likely to form when
a.two atoms have the same number of electrons.
b.an atom’s outer energy level doesn’t have the maximum
number of electrons.
c.an atom’s nucleus has the same number of protons as
neutrons.
d.an atom’s outer energy level is filled.
8.Crystallization from cooling magma describes one way that
a.atoms bond.
b.ions combine.
c.protons attract electrons.
d.minerals form.
9.What process causes dissolved substances to be left behind
to form minerals after water in lakes or ponds evaporates?
a.precipitation
b.ionization
c.condensation
d.sublimation
10.Minerals are classified according to their
a.color.
b.origin.
c.composition.
d.specific gravity.
11.Which of these is a mineral?
a.oxygen
b.diamond
c.sulfuric acid
d.wood
12.Major groups of minerals include
a.oxides and carbonates.
b.ions and isotopes.
c.silicates and magnetics.
d.inorganics and halides.
13.A mineral CANNOT be
a.solid.
b.formed from once-living material.
c.naturally occurring.
d.light in color.
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14.To what class of minerals do gold, silver, and copper
belong?
a.carbonates
b.native elements
c.halides
d.sulfates and sulfides
15.When carbonate minerals come into contact with
hydrochloric acid, they
a.break.
b.fizz.
c.freeze.
d.evaporate.
16.Which of the following is a property of minerals?
a.age
b.odor
c.hardness
d.size
17.If a mineral breaks along flat or even surfaces, it has
a.luster.
b.fracture.
c.cleavage.
d.streak.
18.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive property of
minerals?
a.greasy feel
b.magnetism
c.double refraction
d.streak
19.The Mohs scale measures
a.density of a mineral.
b.a mineral’s hardness.
c.the luster of a mineral.
d.a mineral’s type of crystalline structure.
20.Diamond is
a.the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale.
b.a nonmetallic element.
c.the only mineral with luster.
d.an isotope of silicon.
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Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
1.The periodic table organizes according to
their properties.
2.An atom with the atomic number 8 has
protons and electrons.
3.The area of the atom that contains electrons has a(n)
charge.
4.Particles in the nucleus of an atom are its
and .
5.When atoms combine to form compounds, they gain, lose, or
share .
6.A(n) is the smallest particle of a covalent
compound that shows properties of the compound.
7.When atoms share electrons, a(n) bond
forms.
8.Minerals can form from very hot mixtures of water and dissolved
substances called solutions.
9.The most common group of minerals is the
group.
10.Oxides are minerals that contain as well as
other elements.
11.Halite (NaCl) belongs to the mineral group,
while gypsum (CaSO4) belongs to the
mineral group.
12.The words metallic, glassy, pearly, and vitreous are used to describe
the mineral property known as .
13.Density is a property of matter that is the ratio of an object’s
to its volume.
14.The odor of rotten eggs in the streak of a mineral indicates that it
contains.
15.The properties of a mineral depend on the
that compose it and its .
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
1.Compare and contrast the atomic structure of the two isotopes
carbon-12 and carbon-13. Note that the atomic number of
carbon-13 is 6.
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2.Contrast ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
3.List the five characteristics of a mineral.
4.Describe how temperature and pressure result in the formation of
new minerals.
5.What are carbonates? List two types of carbonates.
6.List three of the properties that can be used to identify minerals.
7.Why is streak a helpful property to use when identifying minerals?
Use Figure 1 to answer the following
three questions.
8.Interpreting Models Describe the formation of sodium chloride
using the model shown.
9.Drawing Conclusions Why does the chlorine atom have a
negative charge after the reaction?
10.Classifying What type of chemical bond is shown here?
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Use Figure 2 to answer the following two questions.
11.Interpreting Graphics What is this important
structure?
12.Identify the atoms this structure contains.
Use Figure 3 to answer the following two questions.
13.Classifying A mineral can’t be scratched by
quartz, but can be scratched by topaz. What is
the mineral’s hardness?
14.Problem Solving You want to make a cutting tool
that can split apatite, fluorite, and corundum.
Which substance would you use to make it? Why?
Essay
In complete sentences, write the answer to the question on
the lines provided.
1.Earth as a System Minerals provide us with
buildings, roads, machinery, vehicles, and
thousands of important products. But the removal
of minerals from the ground and the refining and
manufacturing processes that they require can also
have negative effects on Earth’s natural systems.
Discuss some of these effects.
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