VOCABULARY for QUIZ #20 - Part I TERMS
(Anything bolded is testable)
Name: ______Period: _____
1. Industrialization/Industrial Revolution - process of switching from hand tools to machinery; from cottage industry to factory system; from craftsmanship to assembly line production of interchangeable parts.2. mass production – rapid making (manufacturing) of identical objects (goods people buy) made possible by Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts.
3. factory system – workers and machines produce the goods people buy in a factory.
4. Immigration – to come into a country or region where one was not born to live and become citizen; during 1800s, immigrants worked in factories, on railroads; held low paying jobs; were targeted by Nativists, victims of discrimination especially the Irish, Chinese, and Catholics.
5. mechanical reaper – a tool that automatically reaps wheat (cuts, separates grains) invented by Cyrus McCormick; made wheat, barley profitable cash crops especially in Northwest Territory first, then Great Plains area
6. Urbanization – process of population’s shift from farms to cities; growth of cities due to movement of people from rural (farm) areas.
7. telegraph – device that used electrical signals to send messages; predecessor of telephone; invented by Samuel Morse; helped increase instant communication between different areas of the nation
8. cotton gin – a machine invented by Eli Whitney that separated cotton bolls from its seeds; made cotton profitable cash crop and increased need for slave labor in South.
9. textile – cloth, fabric
10. Lowell Girls – girls who worked in the Lowell (Massachusetts) Textile Mills; first time for women to work independently of their families; worked long hours for little pay; first factory workers; had to go to owner's church, buy from company store, etc.
11. steamboats (invented by Robert Fulton who also invented 1st submarine and 1st torpedoes)– major method of transportation during 1800s; made possible by invention of steam engine which also helped creation of locomotives which were also a major form of transportation. Carried both people and goods from west to cities in east. Clipper ships were also made more efficient with steam engines during this time to help transport people from the East to the West.
12. Pioneers - Americans who moved west to start fresh lives during & after Panic of 1837, going to Oregon using Oregon Trail among other places. Others went to new Texas area seeking a new start.
13. Mormons – Religious group that was persecuted and forced to leave their homes and seek a new place. Used the Mormon trail and moved west to establish Utah including Salt Lake City.
14. 49ers – Group of Miners who went to seek their fortunes in 1849 in California during the 1848 California Gold Rush. Usually traveled on the Sante Fe Trail
15. Texas Independence War – 1836 War local Texans fought to win their independence from Mexico. Major battle included the Alamo and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
16. US Mexican War – War fought between United States and Mexico because of the annexation of Texas.
18. Texas Annexation - 1845 Texas becomes a state in the United States.
19. Mexican Cession: Land lost by Mexico that became part of the United States at the end of the US Mexican War – New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, etc.
20. Gadsden Purchase: The small strip of land the U.S. purchased from Mexico in order to build a southern railroad.
Vocabulary 18
VOCABULARY 18 - PART II - MAP SKILLS
Map 1: Label the blank map below using the1st map as a guide, and use a different color for each of the following acquisitions:
· The 13 original colonies
· USA in 1783,
· Louisiana Purchase in 1803
· Florida
· Texas Annexation
· Mexican Cession
· Oregon Territory Gadsden Purchase
Now add the following physical features:
· Label the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
· Add a blue line to represent the Mississippi River & the Rio Grande River
· Add brown ^^^^^^^ to represent the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains.