STUDY TOPICS 2013-14 Nationals

STUDY TOPICS 2013-14---Nationals

ENGLISH

Grammar

Adjectives

Comparative
Superlative

Articles

Capitalization

Clauses and Phrases

Four Types of Sentences

Parts of Speech

Adjective
Adverb
Appositive
Interjection
Noun
Pronouns

Preposition

Object of

Phrases/Clauses

Adverb Clause
Dangling Modifier
Gerund
Prepositional

Pronouns

Indefinite
Object
Objective/Subjective
Personal
Possessive
Possessive “We”
Reflexive
Relative
Third Person Singular

Punctuation

Appositive
Commas
Semicolon

Sentence Errors

Adjective/Adverb Modifiers
Antecedent
Compound
Compound-Complex
Interrogative
Misplaced Modifier
Passive/Active Voices
Plural
Possessive
They’re/Their

Sentence Structure

Predicate
Simple Subject
Subject

Verbs

Conjugate
Future
Future Perfect
Helping Verbs
Linking Verbs
Nouns to Verbs
Nouns to Verbs
Past Participial
Past Perfect
Past Tense
Past Tense Irregular Verbs
Verbals

Types of Verbs

Language Arts

Analogies

__is to __ as__is to__

Antonyms and Synonyms

Figures of Speech

Figurative Language

Alliteration
Assonance
Consonance
Hyperbole
Idiom
Literal
Metaphor
Onomatopoeia
Personification
Proverbs
Simile

Forms of Poetry

Homonyms

Literary Genres

Literary Terms & devises

Analogy
Assonance
Cliché
Epigram
Fantasy
Homonyms
Metaphor
Palindrome
Transitional Words

Terms

Antagonist
Banshee
Basilisk
Golem
Gremlin
Guide Word
Ogre
Soliloquy
Surrealism
Troll

Parts of a Book

Bibliography
Point of View
Prologue
Table of Contents

Parts of a Play

Prologue

Parts of a Newspaper

First Paragraph

Parts of a story

Climax

Poetry

About Death
Ballad
Blank Verse
Cinquain
Lyric
Metrical Foot
Metrical Unit
Poetry Meter
Subdivision of Epic

Postal Abbreviations

Alaska
Florida
Iowa
Massachusetts
Montana
New Jersey
New York
Washington

Reference Materials

Atlas
Dictionary
Encyclopedia
Thesaurus

Types of Writing

Business Letter
Memo
Memoir
Myth

Word Derivatives

Literature

Authors

Alexandre Dumas
C.S. Lewis
Edgar Allen Poe
Frank Baum
Gary Paulsen
Jack London
Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm
Jesse Stuart
L. Frank Baum
Langston Hughes
Lois Duncan
Mark Twain
Percy Bysshe Shelly
Robb White
Robert Lypsite

Literary Characters

Bilbo Baggins
Buck
Camelot
Chicago
Excalibur
Gunpowder
Ham
Hiawatha
John Thorton
Katharina
Michael Crichton
MORO-709
Wilber and Charlotte
Willie Wonka
Yahoos

Literary Works

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Adventures of Hucleberry Finn
Arithmetic
Black beauty
Cats
Cheaper by the Dozen
Diary of Anne Frank
Divergent
Henry Huggins
Inherit the Wind
Manic
Moby Dick
My Antonia
O Pioneers
Of Mice and Men
Reflections on a Gift of a Watermelon Pickle
Richard III
Romeo and Juliet
Shane
Sounder
Star Girl
The Call of the Wild
The Diary of Anne Frank
The Grapes of Wrath
The Great Fire
The Invisible Man
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
The Man and Sixpence
The Taming of the Shrew
Three Musketeers
To Kill a Mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird
Travels with Charley
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
Twilight
Wizard of Oz

Greek and Roman Mythology

Athena
Atlas
Atlas
Circe
Cupid
Cyclps
God/Goddesses of Seas
God/Goddesses of Underworld
Minotaur
Mount Olympus
Nausicca
Phaeton
Polyphemus
Poseidon
Prometheus
Prometheus
Tantalus

Types of Literature

Spelling

Abbreviations

Avenue
Boulevard
Building
Company
Department
Incorporated
Manufacturing
Road
Street

Contractions

Consonants

Definition

Enter a Country
Return to a country of Birth

Greek Words

Geography
Hubris

Homonyms

Lessons
Their
Townships

Irregular Verbs

Nationalities

Belgium
Haiti
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Scotland
Switzerland

Noun Singulars

Bacteria

Noun Plurals

Data
Plural Possessive
Words Ending in f

Prefixes

Anti-

Pronouns

Possessive Form

Rules

“I” before “E” Except after “C”
3 Letter Rule
Consonants
Double Consonants
End of a word with “ee” Sound
-es Plurals
Letter That Never Stands By Itself
Letter that never Stands by itself & is written with a “U.”
Plural of words Ending in ‘O” Preceded by a Consonant
Vowels
Words Ending in “ar”

Roots

Silent Letters

Singular and Plural Words

Suffixes

Verbs

Simple Past Tense

Vowels

Vocabulary

Abbreviations

Doctor of Philosophy

Collective Nouns Definitions

Blithe
Copra
Plethora
Proliferate
Sanctimonious
Sleek
Venerable
Veracity
Vie
Vitiate
Zenith

Common Abbreviations

Comparative Forms of Words

Connotation

Different
Meanings of the Same Words

Greek & Latin Roots & Words

Aer
Alpha
Beta
Bios
Pro-

Homographs

Homonyms

Bear

Identify Words

Effaced
Jewish Place of Worship
Omega
Study of Humans

Parts of Speech

Adjective to Noun
Noun to Adjective

Prefixes (e.g. in)

Anti-
Dis-
Micro-

Roots

Latin

Root Words Meanings

Physi-

Suffixes (e.g. –ize)

-Graphy
-Logy
-Ment
-Meter
-Phony
-Pobia
-Scope

Terms

Acronym
Austere
Ballad
Equine
Homonym
Leonine
Lupine
Mean
Phonetics
Porcine
Serpentine
Simulcast

Word Derivations (e.g. noun to verb, verb to noun)

Social Studies

Current Events

Catastrophic Events

2012 Presidential Election
Events
March on Washington
Rim Fire
Sandy Hook
Smithfield Foods
U. N. National Security Council
Yangtze River

Countries and Places

Afghanistan
Algeria
Mount Rushmore
Syria

Current U.S. Government

Events

Invasions and Wars
Natural Disasters

Forms of Government

Canada
Japan
Jordan
Libya

Global Concerns

Leaders

Monarchs
Presidents
U.S. President’s Cabinet

Organizations

G-20 Summit
NRA

People

Arne Duncan
Asif Ali Zardari
Barack Obama
Canada Prime Minister
Chicago Mayor
Daniel Inouye
David H. Petraeus
Emperor Akhito
George Zimmermon
Jacob Zuma
Kim Jong-il
King Saudi Arabia
Mahmoud Abbas
Malala
Martin Luther King
Mexico President
Osama Bin Laden
President Iraq
President Mexico
President Russia
Queen of England
Smokey Bear
Supreme Court Justices
U. N. Secretary General

Terms

Araba Spring
Patient
Patient Protection and Affordable care act
PTSD
Rover
Tamu Massif

U. S. Government

BLM
Federal Reserve
Secretary of State
Speaker of the House

Watch the news, Read newspapers and magazines. Know national & International events, leaders, issues.

Economics

Acronyms/Nicknames

NATO
OPEC
UN
WTO

Currency/ US and Foreign

Capitalistic Countries
Communistic Countries
Socialistic Countries

Economic Factors

Balance of Trade
Competition
Deficit
Production
Supply & Demand
Surplus
Trade Restrictions

Economic Systems

Laissez-Faire
Socialism

People

Henry Ford
Ralph Nader

Laws

Law of Diminishing Returns

Taxes

Terms

1040 EZ
Adjustable Gross Income
Automation
BBB
Behavioral Economics
Beneficiary
Closed Shop
Communism
Conspicuous Consumption
Deflation
Economics
Eminent Domain
GDP
Inflation
Inflation
Legal Tender
Lien
Medicare
Monopoly
Peso
Poverty
Private Ownership
Public Ownership
Recession
Socialism
Urbanization
Wealth

U.S. Geography

Landmarks

Bryce Canyon
Crater Lake
Everglades
Freedom Trail
Yellowstone National Park
Yosemite

Locations & Names of Geographic Features

Canada
Mt. McKinley
Time Zones
Washington DC
West Virginia
Zebulon Pike

Rivers, Seas, & Oceans

Columbia
Great Lakes
Great Salt Lake
Japanese Current
Mississippi River
Mississippi River States
Missouri River
Potomac
Red River
Rio Grande
Rio Grande
Sabine
Tennessee

States: Location, Capitals

Nicknames/Symbols/Borders
Montana Border
Ohio Border

State Capitals

Alaska
California
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Named After Presidents:
New Jersey

Portsmouth

Tennessee

Terms

Indian Reservation

U.S. States

Big Sky (country) :
Bluegrass State: Kentucky Ocean State:
Borders Pacific
Breadbasket
Capitals
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
Edison National Historic Site
Garden State:
Keystone State:
Painter Desert
Ponce de Leon
Sportsman’s Paradise:
The Gateway to the west:
Wind Cave National Park

U.S. Territories

U.S. Time Zones

U.S. History

American Revolution

Albany Plan
Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation
Battle of Lexington Concord
Bill of Rights
Boston Tea Party
British Stamp Act
Civil War
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
Declaration of Independence

Ford’s Theater

George Washington Inauguration

Gettysburg

Northwest Ordinance
Original Colonies
Second President
Shay’s Rebellion

States in Confederacy:

U.S. Constitution
U.S. Presidents

Articles of Confederation

Weaknesses

Civil War

John Wilkes Booth
Reconstruction
William Sherman

Colonial Times

Currency

Face on Coins

Declaration of Independence

Famous Documents

Mayflower Compact

Famous Americans

Industrial Age

Laws

U.S. Citizens Responsibilities

Native Americans

Buffalo
Chief Joseph

People

Assassinated Presidents
Ben Franklin
Bill Clinton
Brigham Young
Francis Scott Key
Helen Hunt Jackson
John F. Scopes
John Paul Jones
Leonard Bernstein
Madeline Albright
Nathaniel Hale
Oliver H. Perry
Patrick Henry
Samuel Colt

Presidential Elections

Places

Mount Rushmore

Revolutionary War

Terms

Pictograph

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Holidays – Meanings and dates

U.S. Presidents

First Six

Western Expansion

Crazy Horse
Eisenhower Administration
John C. Fremont
Lewis & Clark
Manifest Destiny
Northeast Territory

World War I and II

Women’s Right to Vote

U.S. Law

Branches of U.S. Government

Inauguration Day
Powers & Limits of Each Branch
Term of Office

Executive Branch

Attorney General
Cabinet
Department of Homeland Security
Laws
Oval Office

Legislative Branch

Approve Treaties
House of Representatives
How Determined
Impeachment
New States
Number of Representatives
Number of Senators
Powers
Speaker of the House

Judicial Branch

African-American Judges
Chief Justice
Chief Justice Duties
Number of Supreme Court Justices
Supreme Court Cases

Brown VS. Topeka Board of Education
Marbury VS. Madison
Plessy VS. Ferguson
Roe VS. Wade

Supreme Court Nominees
Woman Justices

Laws

Rights of Person Accused of A Crime

People

Alexander Hamilton

Terms

Bail
Black Codes
Felony
Freedom of Speech
Gubernatorial
Lobbyist
New Jersey Plan
Pocket Veto
Prosecutor
Treason
U.S. Census
Verdict
Voter Registration

U.S. Constitution including Amendments

Amendment 13
Amendment 15
Amendment 19
Articles
Electoral College
Federal Government Power and Limits
First Four Amendments
First Words of Constitution
Powers Denied to Federal Government
Powers Exclusive to Federal Government
Preamble
Reconstruction Amendments
Total Amendments

World Geography

Animals

Alpaca
Dingo
Grizzly Bears

Continents

Africa
Asia
Size

Countries

Africa
Belgium
Bolivia
Chinas Population
Greece
Greenland
Italy
Mesopotamia
Mexico
Paraguay
Spain
Turkey

Country Capitals

Ethiopia
France
Germany
Ireland
Kenya
Nepal
Poland
Scotland
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

Cities

Alexandria
Milano
Syria
Turin

Identify and locate

Continents
Countries and Capitals
Major Deserts
Major Rivers and Lakes
Mountain Ranges
Oceans and Seas

Location & Names

Arabian Peninsula
Artic Territory
Atacama Desert
Bermuda
British Isles
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace
Canary Island
Central America
Crete
Equator
Gobi Desert
Great Sandy Desert
Hispaniola
Isle of Man
Kalahari Desert
Kalahari Desert
Mojave Desert
Panama Canal
Prime Meridian Countries
Quebec
Rome
Taj Mahal
The Great Pyramid
The Red Pyramid

Mountain Ranges

Alaskan Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Brooks Mountains
Cascade Mountains
Costal Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Sierra Nevada Mountains

Rivers, Seas, & Oceans

Baltic
Black Sea
Gulf Stream
Lake Chad
Lake Nyasa
Lake Victoria
Mackenzie River
Nile
Red Sea
Rhine
Seine
Strait of Hormuz
Strait of Magellan
Thames
White Sea
Yangtze
Yellow Sea

Terms

Acropolis
Archipelago
Estuary
Fjord
Isthmus
Legend
Prime Meridian
Strait
Time Zones

World History

Civilizations/Empires

Aztec and Mayan Empires
Mali and Songhai Empires
Mogul

Chronology of Historical Periods

Events

Louisiana Purchase
Punic War

Explorers & Inventors

Christopher Columbus
Chung Ho
Dr. David Livingston
Ferdinand Magellan
Francisco Pizarro
James Cook
James Watt
Ponce de Leon
Thor Heyerdahl
Vasco Da Gama
Vasco Da Gama
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Vikings

Leaders and Notable Figures

Alexander the Great
Charles Lindbergh
Cleopatra
Colonel Muammer Al Qaddafi
Constantine
Fidel Castro
Francois Mitterand
Gregor Mendel
Grigor Rasputin
Hannibal
Helmut Kohl
Herodotus
Hippocrates
Johann Tetzel
Johannes Gutenberg
Lech Walesa
Leonardo da Vinci
Mao Zedong
Margaret Thatcher
Marie Antoinette
Mark Antony
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela
Nicholas II
Otto Lilienthal
P.W. Botha
Vladimir Lenin
Wilbur & Orville Wright
William Earnest Henley
Winston Churchill
Yasser Arafat

Events

Irish Immigration

European Union (EU)

Locations & Names

Great Wall of China

Languages

Canada

Places

Alexandria
Genoa
Knossos

United Nations (UN)

Terms

Boxer Rebellion
Cuneiform
D-Day
Guillotine
Hieroglyphics
Italian Renaissance Cartoon
Leader of the Catholic Church
Line of Demarcation
Line of Demarcation
New Spain
Parchment
Pharaoh
Shang Dynasty
Sphinx

World War II

MATH

Algebra

Absolute Value—Define and Use to Solve Equations

Algebraic Expressions

Compose and Solve Algebraic Equations based on Real World Applications

Evaluate

Express

Algebraic Equations

Factor

Algebraic Equations
Expression

Identify

Elements
Intersection of Sets

Properties

Distributive

Simplify

Algebraic Equations
Equations

Solve

Algebraic Equations
Expression
For N
For X
For Y
Linear Equations
Reciprocal
Simple Equations

Factor Terms

Distributivity

Quadratic Equation

Identify and Factor

Geometry

Area & Perimeter

Heptagon
Parallelogram
Rectangles
Right Triangle
Square
Trapezoid
Triangle

Angles

Acute
Adjacent
Angle Bisector
Complimentary
Isosceles
Obtuse
Right
Supplementary

Circle (given pi = 3.14)

Area
Circumference
Diameter
Overlapping circles
Radius

Geometric Shapes/ Polygons with 5-12 sides

Triangle
Tetragon
Quadrilateral
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
Hendecagon
Dodecagon
Hexagonal Pyramid
Parallelogram
Trapezoid

Graph

Circle

Perimeter

Solve Word Problem

Slope

Y-Intercept

Terms

Ellipse
Hexagonal Pyramid
Point
Vertex
Vertical Angles

Triangles

Angle Bisector
Congruency
Equilateral
Height and Base
Hypotenuse
Isosceles
Pythagorean Theorem
Rules relating to length of sides
Types of Triangles

Three Dimensional Shapes

Cube
Cylinder
Tetrahedron

Two Dimensional Shapes

Circle
Ellipse
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Triangle

Volume

Cube
Cubic Centimeter
Pyramid

Logic

Based on Known Finite Objects & Facts

Number of Legs
Pick a Chocolate

Conditional Inference/Statements

Contra Postitive
Converse
Inverse

Logical Reasoning to Solve a Problem

Arrangements
Deductive Reasoning - Age
Each Person’s Job
Meals
Unique Combinations- Clothes
Unique Combinations- Colors
Unique Combinations- Digits
Unique Combinations- Seating

Number Patterns & Sequences

Age
Days
Days of Week a Day Will Fall
Determining Relationships
Insects in Collection
Numbers

Patterns & Sequences

Colors of Stripes
Numbers of Brothers
Pages in a Book
Seating Preference
Who am I?

Series, Patterns

Probability of Simple Events

Terms

A Posteriori
A Priori
Aristotle
Axiom
Converse
Deductive Argument
Fallacious
Inductive
Matrix Logic
Negate a Statement
Premise
Tautology

Unique Combinations

Menu
Shirts

Numeric Expressions & Arithmetic

Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide

Decimals
Fractions
Mixed Fractions
Negative Numbers
Percentages
Whole Numbers

Algebraic Equations

Calculate Solutions
Substitute Values

Arithmetic Functions

Quotient

Calculate Unit Prices Given Quantity Price

Calculate quantity Price Give Unit Prices

Convert Fractons to Decimals

Convert Decimals to Fractions

Consecutive Numbers

Positive Factors
Prime Numbers
Sequences

Define and Calculate

Mean
Median
Mode
Range

Define and Determine

Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Denominator
Least Common Multiple

Divide

Decimals

Exponents and Roots

Cube Roots
Negative Exponents
Positive Exponents
Square Roots

Log Base

Know and Use Properties of Addition

Know and Use Properties of Multiplication

Associative
Commutative
Distributive
Identify

Mean, Median, Mode

Multiply

Quantities
Square Root

Divide

Fractions
Whole Numbers
Zero

Numeric Expressions

Number Sentence
Simplify
Smallest to Largest Quantities
Square Root
Third Power
Word Equations

Percent

Decrease
Fractions
Increase
Percent to Fraction

Prime Numbers

Reduce Fractions

Rounding to 2 decimal places

Roman Numerals

Scientific Notation

Subtract

Squares

Subsets

Solve

Expression
Square of a Square

Sum

Negative Numbers
Positive Integers

Terms

Arabic Numeral
Arithmetic Mean
Constant
Coordinates
Distributive
Four Score and Seven Years
Greatest Common Factor
Median
Mode
Parallel
Perpendicular Abbreviation
Prime Number
Range
Reciprocals
Supplement
Twin Prime Numbers
Y-intercept

Understand & Solve Equations Using Inequalities (>, <)

Probability, Permutations, & Combinations

Based on Known Finite Objects & Facts

Arrangements
Sittings
Flights of Steps
Letters
Combinations
Combinations – Routes
Games in a Season
Meals
Random Selection

Define and Calculate

Combinations
Permutations
Probabilities

Determine Probability

Alphabet
Candy in a Jar
Deck of Cards
Deck of Cards
Die
Flower Bouquets
Hats
Letter in Word
Lollypops
Marbles
Marbles
Mutually Exclusive Events
Perfect Square
Rolling Dice
Rolling Dice
Rolling Dice- Sum
Sample Space

Distributions

Cuts in a Bagel
Number of Ways to Arrange X

Probabilities Expressed as

Fractions
Odds
Percentages

Terms

Classical (a priori)
High Probability
Low Probability
Relative Frequency

Word Problems

Solve Real World Problems Using a Variety of Units

Amount Money Can Buy
Amount of Food
Amount of Time
Annual Simple Interest
Average Speed
Average Test Scores
Candy Bar Sizes & Prices
Cost
Cost of Items
Cost with Sales Tax
Distance Traveled
Exact Change
Interest
Late Fees
Mean Scores
Median Grade
Money Earned
Money Earned
Motel Room Charges
Net Change
Number of Cakes Needed
Number of Coins
Number of Days
Ounces, Quarts
Percent Change
Percent Sold
Percentage Discount
Percentage of Games Won
Pounds of Food
Sit-Ups Per Minute
Students Passing
Temperature
Tiles Per Square Feet
Time
Time Classifications
Truck Depreciation
Wages
Wholesale to Retail Price

Solve Word Problems

Fractional parts
Percent

Science

Earth Science

Atmosphere

Biosphere

Exosphere

Major Gases

Mesosphere
Nitrogen

Purpose
Radiation

Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere

Ultraviolet Radiation

Earth

Antarctic Circle
Atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide
Dating Rocks
Erosion
Glaciers
Humus
Hydrosphere
Land Regions
Lithosphere
Magma
Nonrenewable Resources
Orographic Effect
Plate Tectonics
Renewable Resources
Tree Shelter Belt

Earthquakes

Forms of Precipitation

Fossils

Geologic Eras

Cenozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Triassic

Global Warming

Layers of the Sea Floor

Magnetic Field