8Th Grade Social Studies PASS Quiz

8th Grade Social Studies PASS Quiz

The Civil War - (8-4.1) Agriculture In Antebellum South Carolina, (8-4.2) Sectionalism, (8-4.3) Secession And War

Student Name: ______/ Date: ______
Teacher Name: Kirk Robinson / Score: ______

1) Which technological development led to an increased demand for slaves in the United States during the early- to mid-1800s?

A) / the steel plow
B) / the cotton gin
C) / the mechanical reaper
D) / the combine harvester

2)

·In 1790 there were six slave states; in 1860 there were 15.
·From 1790 until Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa in 1808, Southerners imported 80,000 Africans.
·By 1860 approximately one in three Southerners was a slave.

Which event played the GREATEST role in creating these conditions in the South during the Antebellum era?

A) / the Northwest Ordinance of 1789
B) / the Dred Scott decision of 1857
C) / the secession of South Carolina in 1860
D) / the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793

3) One of the major effects of the introduction and widespread usage of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was that

A) / slavery was abolished in four Southern states.
B) / it led directly to passage of the Fugitive Slave Act.
C) / the demand for slaves grew to keep up with the increased production.
D) / the demand for slaves dropped since the work could be done more efficiently.

4) Following the American Revolution, what was the PRIMARY economic activity in the Southern states?

A) / mining
B) / manufacturing
C) / cotton farming
D) / tobacco farming

5) Which of these is an example of sectionalism?

A) / all states following the same laws
B) / all states having separate economies
C) / protecting America’s resources from foreign attack
D) / celebrating patriotism with one’s family and friends

6) What was the main argument that Southerners made in defense of slavery?

A) / The right to own slaves was guaranteed under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
B) / If the founding fathers had slaves, it should be OK for people who lived in the 1850s to have slaves.
C) / It was up to the states to deal with the use of slavery because it was provided for in the Constitution.
D) / The future of American economic development depended upon the continued existence of the Southern system of slavery.

7) According to many Antebellum southerners, the issue of "states' rights" revolved around their right to

A) / bear arms.
B) / own slaves.
C) / worship freely.
D) / import foreign goods.

8) Most white men in the antebellum South could BEST be described as

A) / plantation owners.
B) / seafaring traders.
C) / merchants or shopkeepers.
D) / nonslaveholding family farmers.

9)

"This is the land of freedom.... Many think, because your skins are tinged with a sable hue, that you are an inferior race of beings; but God does not consider you as such. He hath formed and fashioned you in his own glorious image, and hath bestowed upon you reason and strong powers of intellect. He hath made you to have dominion over the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air, and the fish of the sea. He hath crowned you with glory and honor; hath made you but a little lower than the angels; and, according to the Constitution of these United States, he hath made all men free and equal.... It is not the color of the skin that makes the man, but it is the principles formed within the soul."
--Maria Stewart, "Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality," 1831

Which abolitionist argument is MOST rooted in religion, according to the excerpt?

A) / That God does not consider one race inferior to another.
B) / That America is the land of freedom of speech and press.
C) / That according to the Bible, man has dominion over nature.
D) / That all men are free to develop their intellect and sense of reason.

10) The case of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856) is often called the Supreme Court’s great ‘self inflicted wound’ because the decision

A) / refused to give women the right to vote.
B) / created the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’.
C) / supported the South’s right to secede from the Union.
D) / ruled slaves to be property and incapable of becoming citizens.

11) Which event is the BEST example of a conflict over states' rights?

A) / Trail of Tears
B) / The War of 1812
C) / Nullification Crisis
D) / Election of Andrew Jackson

12) Which Supreme Court case would have had the BIGGEST impact on slaves in the United States?

A) / Marbury v. Madison (1803)
B) / Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
C) / McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
D) / Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

13)

In 1860, the southern states highlighted in red would have been LEAST likely to

A) / use forced labor in its agricultural production.
B) / vote for Abraham Lincoln for President of the United States.
C) / push for expansion of slavery in western states and territories.
D) / support the notion of "popular sovereignty" in the debate over slavery.

14) How did the Missouri Compromise deal with the issue of slavery?

A) / It required all territories to abolish slavery before becoming states.
B) / It made the Mississippi River the divding line between slave states and free states.
C) / It prohibited slavery in most of the former Louisiana Territory except for Missouri.
D) / It stated that all future states would be required to be slave states except for Missouri.

15) This law, which allowed territories to decide the fate of slavery based on popular sovereignty, unintentionally had the effect of increasing tensions between pro-slavery and antislavery forces as they rushed west and had violent clashes over control of territory. It was the

A) / Compromise of 1850.
B) / Fugitive Slave Act.
C) / Kansas-Nebraska Act.
D) / Northwest Ordinance.

16) Which event led directly to South Carolina's secession from the United States?

A) / the firing upon Ft. Sumter in Charleston
B) / the cession of North Carolina from the Union
C) / the victory of Abraham Lincoln in the Election of 1860
D) / the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run

17)

"We, ... the People of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America, is dissolved, and that the State of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as a separate and independent State; with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do."

This document was written

A) / following the approval of the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) / when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified.
C) / when the Confederate States declared war on the United States.
D) / following the election of Abraham Lincoln as the U.S. President.

18) Which is the BEST description of the difference between the Unionist and Secessionist viewpoints regarding secession?

A) / Unionists opposed secession and wished to stay in the Union, while Secessionists supported secession only if the southern states could secure Great Britain as an ally.
B) / Unionists supported secession and wished to unite with other southern states, while Secessionists opposed secession and favored cooperation with northern abolitionists.
C) / Unionists supported secession as a last resort and only if it was done with the full support of all of the southern states, while Secessionists opposed secession altogether.
D) / Secessionists believed that secession was the only solution to the issue of preserving slavery and states' rights, while Unionists opposed secession and wished to stay in the Union.

19) Which term describes southerners who were opposed to secession and wished to keep South Carolina loyal to the federal government?

A) / Cooperationists
B) / Copperheads
C) / Secessionists
D) / Unionists

20)

"We... the People of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America, is dissolved, and that the State of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as a separate and independent State; with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do."

This passage is from a document that was composed in what year?

A) / 1859
B) / 1860
C) / 1861
D) / 1862

21) General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" was important to the Union war effort because

A) / it placed the Mississippi River under Union control.
B) / it convinced Great Britain to stop supporting the Confederacy.
C) / important railroad tracks were destroyed, severing supply lines for Confederate forces.
D) / Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender his forces as a direct result of Sherman's victory.

22)

Union General Winfield Scott's plan to defeat the Confederacy included a naval blockade of southern ports, gaining naval control of the Mississippi River, and invading the rebellious southern states.

By what name was General Scott's strategy known?

A) / Total War
B) / the Anaconda Plan
C) / Divide and Conquer
D) / the Cottonmouth Plan

23)

Sherman believed that the Civil War would end only if the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological capacity for warfare were decisively broken. Sherman therefore applied the principles of scorched earth: he ordered his troops to burn crops, kill livestock, consume supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructure along their path.

What offers the BEST reasoning behind William Tecumseh Sherman's strategy of using "total war" to defeat the South?

A) / The strategy of "total war" was needed to stop the Confederates from trading with France and England.
B) / Sherman's men wanted revenge for the horrifying treatment of Union soldiers in Andersonville prison camp.
C) / The destruction in Georgia would be so complete that it would break the Confederacy's will to continue fighting.
D) / The invasion of Georgia would lead to armed revolt by the slaves, which in turn would help the Union win the war.

24) The main purpose of General Sherman's "March to the Sea" in 1864 was to

A) / convince France and Britain to get out of the war.
B) / capture the important railroad depot at Charleston.
C) / permanently destroy Georgia's ability to produce cotton.
D) / destroy the South's strategic and economic capacity to fight.

25)

Ft. Sumter is MOST significant for being

A) / the location of the end of the Civil War.
B) / destroyed by the Union when taking Port Royal.
C) / the target of General Sherman's March to the Sea.
D) / where the first shots of the Civil War were fired.

26) The Union blockade during the Civil War

A) / led to an alliance between the Confederacy and Great Britain.
B) / caused inflation and shortages in the South, especially for manufactured goods.
C) / really had no effect on the South, since they were already agriculturally self-sufficient.
D) / hurt the North most since they relied heavily on Southern cotton and agriculture for its own manufacturing base.

27) Which statement offers the BEST explanation for why General Sherman was more destructive on his march through South Carolina than he was in North Carolina?

A) / The Union was seeking revenge for the Battle of Fort Sumter.
B) / General Sherman failed to supervise his troops adequately while in South Carolina.
C) / South Carolina was viewed as a prime target because they were the first state to secede from the Union.
D) / General Sherman was seeking revenge for Union soldiers killed in South Carolina's prisoner of war camps.

28)

"Our people are tired of the war, feel themselves whipped, and will not fight. Our country is overrun, its military resources greatly diminished, while the enemy's military power and resources were never greater and may be increased to any extent desired. ... My small force is melting away like snow before the sun."
--Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston, April, 1865

This quote from Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was in reaction to

A) / the Battle of Fort Sumter.
B) / the Battle of First Bull Run.
C) / General Ulysses S. Grant's siege at Vicksburg
D) / General William Sherman's march through South Carolina

29) Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman’s strategy of total war targeted not only the Confederate army but also

A) / the citizens living in the South.
B) / Northern citizens sympathetic to the South.
C) / the South’s population of enslaved Africans.
D) / Native Americans who were not loyal to the US.

Part II:

Directions: Match the battle to the correct characteristic.

1.____Fort Sumter

2.____Bull Run (Manassas)

3.____Shiloh

4.____Antietam

5.____Ironclads

6.____Fredericksburg

7.____Vicksburg

8.____Chancellorsville

9.____Gettysburg

10.____Spotsylvania

11.____Atlanta

1. First naval battle of ships made completely out of metal in the history of the world. The battle took place in Hampton Roads, Virginia and was fought between the Monitor and the Merrimack (or Virginia). The battle ended in a draw but it changed the future of naval ships.
2. The first major battle of the Civil War. It was fought in Virginia between Confederate and Union forces. This Southern victory showed the nation that the war would not be short and would result in great loss of human lives.
3. This battle in Virginia between Confederate forces lead by Robert E. Lee defeated Union forces lead by Ambrose Burnside in one of the most one-sided battles of the war. The Union army suffered over 12,000 causalities while the Confederate army suffered a little more than 5000. The Southern victory stopped the Northern army from attacking the Richmond, Virginia (the Southern capital city).
4. The bombardment of this fort by Southern forces in Charleston, South Carolina was the first shots of the Civil War.
5. This Union victory stopped the first Southern invasion of the North. This battle was the bloodiest single day battle in the history of the United States. More than 22,000 men either were killed, wounded, or missing. The Union victory allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
6. This important battle on the Mississippi River allowed the North to take full control of the Mississippi River and complete the second part of the Anaconda Plan to split the South into two regions.
7. The capture of the largest city in Georgia resulted in the Union General Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Strategy. The capture of important Southern railroads and the burning of the city provided support for the reelection of President Lincoln in 1864.
8. This battle was fought between Southern forces lead by General Lee and Northern forces lead by General Grant. The battle was part of the General Grant’s strategy (war of attrition) to wear down and destroy General Lee’s army. Even though the North had more causalities (18,000) than the South (12,000) the battle was inconclusive.
9. This battle in Pennsylvania in 1863 is considered to be the turning point in the war. The three-day battle resulted in nearly 50,000 casualties and stopped the South from invading the North for a second time. The battle also resulted in the creation of a Soldier’s National Cemetery that was honored by a historic speech given by President Lincoln.
10. This Northern victory in Tennessee 1862 gave the Union control of the Western Theater and the rivers that allowed to them to successfully divide the South into two parts.
11. This Confederate victory in Virginia in 1862 stopped a Northern invasion of the city of Richmond. General Lee defeated a Union army that outnumbered the Southern Forces 2-1, but the South suffered the loss of General Stonewall Jackson.