Angular Momentum Balance (Balance)

Index word strings:

CHAPTER 1

Angular momentum balance (balance)

angular momentum conservation

angular momentum is conserved

Angular momentum conservation

angular momentum conserving zonal wind

angular momentum conserving flow

Asian Monsoon

(balance) between meridional and zonal motions, temperature and geopotential gradients, and friction

(balance) surface stress τ from the winds against mountain torque

barotropic eddies blow parallel to temperature contours (wind blows parallel to temp. cont.)

baroclinic eddies

baroclinic eddy dominated circulations

also: circulation, Hadley cell

also ‘hybrid’ ? -not marked-

also Ferrel cell

in ocean

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cools down by (infrared emission)

Conservation of angular momentum

Coriolis force

Definition(s) of the general circulation

dry static energy -- also DSE

DSE is defined

DSE heat flux, poleward

earth’s radius (~6370 km – use this or just have appendix B of values?

Eddies’ refer to

Ekman balance

three-way balance occurs is in an ‘Ekman’ layer

Ekman balance within the atmosphere

Ekman’ layer

atmospheric Ekman layer

(atmospheric) Ekman layer for a high has sinking

(atmospheric) upward motion out of the Ekman layer for a low

Ekman ‘pumping’

Energy (balance)

Ferrel cell

Ferrel cell circulation

geopotential gradient, meridional

geostrophic balance

gradient of geopotential

Gulf Stream

Hadley cells’

Hadley cell circulation

heat capacity

(heat transport)

--- heat transport – sensible, latent?, poleward by water

--- transport heat poleward

--- meridional heat transport

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hypsometric balance – C.13

(instability)

barotropic’ instability – also link to barotropic instability

form drag instability

necessary condition for instability of vertically sheared flows

Static stability helps control the latitude at which the instability criterion

baroclinic instability

baroclinic instability criterion

hydrodynamic instability --- chap 2

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(jet) Indian Ocean monsoon jet

Kuro Shio

Long waves refers to

longwave emission

mass balance

meridional cells’

Meridional’ refers to

‘middle’ latitudes mean the same as ‘midlatitudes’

moist static energy – MSE

MSE is defined

MSE is observed

(Defining) net radiation

net radiation implies a meridional transport of heat

(ocean)

wind-driven circulation

western intensification of the current

western boundary current

Gulf Stream

Kuro Shio

buoyancy-driven circulation

destabilizing (by radiation and surface heat fluxes)

horizontal convection

thermohaline’ circulation, thermohaline circulation, thermohaline circulation, global

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Polar’ regions

Potential energy increases

conversion to eddy potential energy, conversion to eddy

observed distribution of precipitation, obs dist of

precipitation and evaporation distribution implies low level flow

pressure gradient force --- also PGF

Radiative balance states that, global (balance)

Radiative cooling rates

Rayleigh friction

Scale analyses

seasonal variability

sensible heat transport

shortwave (solar) radiation

specific heat

stationary’ refers to

stratosphere temperature pattern

stratosphere, the meridional gradient of geopotential

subtropical high also sub. High, and Hadley cell (link to H cell)

subtropical jet

subtropical jet stream

subtropics’ is defined

(temperature gradient) is primarily meridional

terrestrial (longwave) radiation

thermal equilibrium

thermal wind balance – C.38

mountain torque, mount.

mountain torque formula

surface torque formula

torque upon the solid Earth, net

torque upon, net

balance between the torque, bal. of surface

(torque) westerlies would exert stress upon the ocean

transient’ eddies that are time varying

poleward transport of heat – heat transport, poleward

‘tropics’ is defined

tropical plumes

virtual temperature gradient, meridional

(vorticity)

meridional gradient of absolute vorticity

curvature vorticity

shear vorticity

Vorticity is a local measure of the rotation

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western boundary current or WBC

wind mixed layer

Zonal is defined, Zonal was defined

zonal average

Chapter 2

averaging

is a filter

Averaging smears out many small-scale properties

how much time is adequate for time averages

Why zonal average

cloud-track winds (CTW)

data

variables are essential for understanding the general circulation

observational data needed to study the primary balances

data coverage

construction of these reanalyses

data assimilation

composite their observations compositing is: what length of time (or space)