APHG: Reading GuideChapter 12: Industry & Services

Field Note (p. 361-363)

  1. What symbol does the author find in Skopje? ______Why is this interesting? ______
  2. What types of employment opportunities are available at the Nike Headquarters in Beaverton, OR? ______

3. How are the nodes of shoe production for Nike dependent on one another? ______

______

4. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? ______

KQ#1: WHERE DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGIN, AND HOW DID IT DIFFUSE? (p. 363-367)

5. Briefly describe how production occurred prior to the Industrial Revolution in India. ______

______

6. How did colonial production change with the emergence of large commercial companies? ______

______

7. Industrial Revolution: ______

8. How did investment from colonies impact the economies in Europe? ______

______

9. What were the advantages of smelting iron? ______

10. The first railroad opened in England in ______. How did this new invention change production and trade? ______

11. The largest concentration of heavily populated and industrialized regions in England was ______

12. In mainland Europe, the large coal belts extended across ______

13. ______is the most important port in Europe and a hub of global trade.

KQ#2: HOW DO LOCATION THEORIES EXPLAIN INDUSTRIAL LOCATION? (p. 367-377)

14. ______economic activities draw resources straight from the environment and must

be located where the resources are found.

15. Location Theory: ______

16. Why are attempts to establish models for the location of secondary industries complicated? ______

______

17. Variable costs: ______

18. Friction of Distance: ______

19. Least Cost Theory (Weber): ______

Cost Categories:

Transportation: ______

Labor: ______

Agglomeration: ______

20. Locational Interdependence (Hotelling) ______

21. Briefly describe the basic conclusions of Hotelling: ______

______

22. Losch’s Model: ______

23. What factors might explain why some regions industrialized earlier than others? ______

______

24. Briefly describe each of the manufacturing belts listed below:

Western / Central Europe: ______

Germany: ______

North America; ______

Former USSR: ______

Eastern Asia: ______

25. Break-of-bulk point: ______

KQ#3: HOW HAS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION CHANGED? (p. 377-381)

26. Fordist production: ______

27. Today’s economy is considered ______because the of the flexibility of

production practices.

28. Time-space Compression: ______

29. Global Division of Labor: ______

30. In the post-fordist era, what most influences the location of industrial production? ______

______

31. List several examples of regional trade agreements: ______

______

32. What do geographers, Toffler and O’Brien believe about industrial location? ______
______

KQ#4: WHERE ARE THE MAJOR INDUSTRIAL BELTS IN THE WORLD TODAY? (p. 381-383)

33. Deindustrialization: ______

34. Outsourced / Offshore: ______

KQ#5: WHAT IS THE SERVICE ECONOMY, ANS WHERE ARE SERVICES CONCENTRATED? (p. 383-387)

35. What event in the 1970’s created a situation where it became difficult for the industrial core to be

competitive? ______

36. Post-industrial: ______

37. ______economic activities do not actually generate products for the economy.

38. Sunbelt: ______

39. How does the location of Wal-Mart’s corporate headquarters change the cultural landscape in

Bentonville, Arkansas? ______

______