Phylum Porifera – apoblastic, asymmetrical, mostly sessile
How do sponges feed?
What does the words sessile mean?
Identify the parts of a sponge
Phylum Cnidaria – radial symmetry, dipoblastic, gastrovascular cavity
What shape do cnidarians have?
What are the two different body plans?
Do a quick sketch of the examples in class.
Describe their digestive system.
Asexual reproduction is called?
What is the function of the polyp?
What is the function of the medusa?
Phylum Platyhelminthes – bilateral, tripoblastic, acoelomate
How is bilateral symmetry different from radial?
List characteristics of flatworms.
What type of habitat do they live in?
Flatworms-
Flukes-
Tapeworms-
Draw the anatomy of a planarian using the example on a prepared slide.
Tapeworms???!!!! How do humans get these things?
Phylum Nematoda -tripoblastic, bilateral, protosome
Roundworms that live in aquatic, terrestrial, or parasitic environments. Nematodes cause diseases in plants and animals. These animals have a complete digestive tract, and being a protostome, the opening formed during gastrulation forms the mouth. One species, C. elegans, has been used in genetic studies and has helped our understanding of how genes control animal development.
What does tripoblastic mean?
What is a protostome?
Phylum Annelida – tripoblastic, protostomes
This group includes earthworms, polychaetes, and leaches. They live in dam soil, the sea, and fresh water lakes and streams. Most are scavengers.
The most distinctive feature of this animal is segmentation. The body is divided into repeating segments, and each segment includes a circulatory, digestive, nervous, and excretory systems. The circulatory system of the earthworm is closed, meaning that blood travels within vessels.
Earthworms are hermaphrodites. What does that mean?
What is the economic significance of the earthworm?
Phylum Mollusca – tripoblastic, protostomes
Molluscs are soft-bodied animals that all have 3 common characteristics in their body plan; a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle. This phylum includes slugs, snails, clams, octopus, and squid. This is a huge group of over 100,000 species that live near or in water. A ciliated larva called a trochophore is common in the life cycle of marine mollusks.
What is a radula and how do molluscs use one?
Describe two ways in which mollusks and nematodes are alike.
Phylum Arthropoda – tripoblastic, protostomes
The largest phylum in the animal kingdom with over one million species, this diverse group includes horseshoe crabs, crayfish, centipedes, spiders, and insects. Their success is due to an exoskeleton consisting of chitin, jointed appendages, and a segmented body ( head, thorax, and abdomen). Arthropods have an open circulatory system and gills or air sacs for gas exchange.
What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?
Some insect coloration involves mimicry? What is this and give an example.
Phylum Echinodermata – deuterostomes
Sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins have spiny skin, and endoskeleton, and a water vascular system. Most adults are radially symmetrical, but have bilateral larval stages. A cool feature of sea stars is the ability to regenerate arms.
What makes an echinoderm more closely related to chordates than to annelids?
Phylum Chordata
Fill in the table below to summarize common characteristics of chordates.
Characteristic / DescriptionDorsal nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
Animal Phylogeny and Diversity
Fill in the molecular phylogenetic tree
How does the molecular organization compare to the morhphological/developmental organization?