Christian Eguaras
Mr. Haskell Per. 4
World History
5/9/06
Chapter 31 Study Guide
Appeasement – Giving into the demands of an aggressor, in order to keep the peace. Western democracies adopted a policy of appeasement toward Germany and Hitler.
Blitzkrieg – German word meaning “lightning war.” In September 1939, Nazi forces stormed into Poland, revealing the enormous power of Hitler’s blitzkrieg.
Cold War – An ideological war. The United States and Russia got into a ideological war after WWII, trying to earn colonies to expand their empires.
Collaborator – A person who cooperates with an enemy. During the Holocaust, some of the civilians were collaborators, helping the Nazis hunt down the Jews or, like the Vichy government in France, shipping tens of thousands of Jews to their death.
Containment (policy) – Limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control. The Truman Doctrine was rooted in the idea of containment.
Genocide – Destruction of another religious group. Hitler committed genocide with the Jews and felt that the German race was more superior.
Kamikaze – Pilots who undertook suicide missions. They would target opposing offenses and would crash into their tank or tanker as a mission to help their country. These were present at Pearl Harbor.
Pacifism – The idea of opposition to all types of war. This idea is used in governments as using all costs to create peace.
Winston Churchill – He did not want to see the fall of Britain. First Hitler went out to weaken Britain’s air power and break the British will resist.
Francisco Franco – He led a rebellion that touched off a bloody civil war. His nationalists rallied conservatives to their banner. Supporters of the republics were called Loyalists, which included communists, socialists, etc.
Dwight Eisenhower -
Haile Selassie – Appeale to the League of Nations for help when Mussolini invaded Ethiopia. Italy was penalized for having violated international law.
Harry Truman – He saw communism as a bad thing and abandoned its traditional isolationism. When Stalin pressured Greece and Italy, Truman took action with the Truman Doctrine.
Dunkirk – Miracle of Dunkirk was when Germany was invading France and trapped them between the Nazis and the English Channel. The British sent every ship and saved more than 300,000 troops.
El Alamein – Bernard Montgomery stopped Rommel’s advance during the long fierce battle of El Alamein. Dwight Eisenhower took command of a joint Angelo-American force in Morocco and Algeria.
Guernica – Among the worst horror was a German Air Raid on Guernica, a small Spanish market town of no military value. Franco and triumphed; he created a fascist dictatorship and used terror to promote order.
Hiroshima – The Japanese ignored the warning the US and Germans sent and the US dropped the first atomic bomb of Hiroshima. The Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria.
Nagasaki – The Japanese still did not respond to the Hiroshima bombing, and the US dropped another bomb on Nagasaki the next day. Then Emperor Hirohito convinced the government to surrender.
Pearl Harbor – the Japanese issued a surprise attack. 3 Days later, Germany, Italy and Japan's allies declared war on the US.
Operation Barbarossa – Takeover of the Soviet Union. Hitler wanted to gain living space for Germans and win control of the regions rich with minerals. He also wanted to crush communism and to defeat his rival Stalin.
D-Day – The Allies chose June 6, 1944 (D Day) for the invasion of France. They broke through German defenses and went on to Paris. French resistance then rose in Paris and the Germans retreated. The next goal was Germany itself.
Battle of Midway – At the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway Island American warships and airplanes severely damages 2 Japanese ships. This stopped the Japanese advance
Holocaust – The attempted extermination of the Jews created by Hitler. An estimated 6 million Jews were killed in the time period by malnutrition in concentration camps and gas chambers.
Cold War rivals (which nations) – The US and Soviet Union had brought about the final victory and became the superpowers of the time. The alliance between these two countries began to crumble and led to the Cold War.
Francisco Franco – Led a rebellion that touched off a bloody civil war. Jis nationalists rallied conservatives to there banner. Supporters of the republic were called Loyalists included communists, socialists etc. Hitler and Mussolini sent forces to back Franco.
Benito Mussolini – Mussolini and Hitler viewed the desire for peace as weakness and responded with new acts of aggression. Mussolini sent forces from Italy's North African colony of Libya into Egypt. Was assassinated by guerillas.
Adolph Hitler – Hitler resisted. He built his army and sent troops to Rhineland, which were treaty violations. Hitler wanted to bring all of the German speaking people into the Third Reich. He thought that Germany had the right to conquer the Slavs to the east. He was ready to engineer the Anschluss, or union of Germany and Austria.
Tojo Hideki – To stop Japanese aggression as they advanced into Indochina and Dutch's East Andes, they banned the sale of war materials sold to Japan. This angered them and General Tojo Hideki was gaining power.
Neville Chamberlin – British Prime Minister. He told a crowd that he felt that he had achieved "peace of our time". Declared that the Munich Pact had "saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon".
Franklin Roosevelt – Was part of the Big Three. Was able to use the Lend Lease Act. Created the Atlantic Charter with Churchill.
Stalingrad – Hitler wanted Stalin's namesake city. The Germans surrendered without any food or ammunition. The Red Army then took the offensive and drove the rest of the Germans out of the Soviet Union
Explain 2 reasons why the US used the atomic bomb against Japan – the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and stayed as a threat to the United States because they were becoming too powerful. United States sent many warnings to the Japanese to surrender, but the Japanese ignored them all. Even after the dropping of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the Japanese still did not surrender. However, finally after the second atomic bomb attack, Japan had no other choice but to surrender.