Second Semester Zoology Multiple Choice Review

Second Semester Zoology Multiple Choice Review

Chapter 13: Annelida

1. The segmental arrangement of body parts in an animal is called:

1. Tagmatization
2. Metamerism
3. Cephalization
4. Serialism

1. The specialization of body regions in segmented animal is called:

1. Tagmatization
2. Metamerism
3. Cephalization
4. Eutely

1. Annelids and Arthropods have been traditionally considered to be closely related. Recent reevaluation of these relationships places Annelids in the Lophotrochozoa. If this is true they would be more closely related to the:

1. Chordata
2. Echinodermata
3. Nematoda
4. Mollusca

1. The annelid class whose members are mostly marine is:

1. Huirudinea
2. Oligochaeta
3. Polychaeta
4. Clitellata

1. A distinctive feature of members of the subclass Hirudinea is:

1. Parapodia
2. Tentacles
3. Anterior and posterior suckers
4. palps

1. Earthworms belong to the annelid subclass

1. Hirudinea
2. Chaetognatha
3. Polychaeta
4. Oligochaeta

1. A distinctive feature of members of the class Polychaeta is

1. Parapodia
2. Clitellum
3. Annuli
4. Absence of setae

1. The girdle-like structure that is used for mucus secretion during copulation and cocoon formation is the:

1. Clitellum
2. Prostomium
3. Parapodium
4. Epitoke

1. A clitellum is present in members of the subclass:

1. Hirudinea
2. Polychaeta
3. Oligochaeta
4. Hirudinea and Oligochaeta

1. Most polychaetes are:

1. Monoecious
2. Diecious
3. Protandric
4. Asexual

True or False. Determine whether the following statement are true or false.

1. During copulation of earthworms there is a mutual exchange of sperm. Sperm passes from the seminal receptacles of each worm to the seminal vesicles of the partner.
2. The looping form of locomotion of leeches utilizes a single hydrostatic cavity formed as a result of the loss of septa separating coelomic compartments.
3. Polychaetes may be predators, herbivores, scavengers, or filter feeders
4. The immature stages of polychaetes occur in cocoons deposited on the ocean floor.
5. The oligochaetes were the first annelids to be derived from ancestral annelids. The hirudineans and freshwater polychaetes were derived from the oligochaetes, and marine polychaetes were derived from freshwater polychaetes.

Chapter 14: Arthropods

1. All of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Arthropoda EXCEPT:

1. Metamerism modified by tagmatization
2. Dorsal nervous system
3. Chitinous exoskeleton provides support and protection
4. Open circulatory system in which blood is released into tissue spaces

1. The outermost waxy layer of the arthropod exoskeleton is called the:

1. Epicuticle
2. Procuticle
3. Hypodermic
4. Basement membrane

1. A layer of cells that secrets the arthropod exoskeleton is called the:

1. Epicuticle
2. Procuticle
3. Hypodermic
4. Basement membrane

1. Biramous appendages are present in or were present in:

1. All arthropods
2. Crustacea and Insecta
3. Crustacea and Trilobitomorpha
4. Trilobitomorpha and Arachnida

1. The sensory, feeding, and locomotor tagmata of members of subphylum Chelicerata is the:

1. Thorax
2. Cephalothorax
3. Opisthosoma
4. Abdomen

1. Most arthropod lay eggs that develop outside the body. They are:

1. Oviparous
2. Ovoviviparous
3. Viviparous
4. Viperous

1. Barnacles are members of the class:

1. Malacostraca
2. Branchipoda
3. Copepoda
4. Maxillopoda

1. All of the following are crayfish mouth appendages EXCEPT:

1. Mandibles
2. Maxillae
3. Pleopods
4. Maxillipeds

True of False

1. Metamorphosis often results in adult and immature stages having different feeding habits and habitats. Metamorphosis, therefore, reduces competition between adult and immature stages and has contributed to the success of the arthropods.
2. Arthropods that have just undergone ecdysis are secretive and remain hidden because the new exoskeleton has not yet hardened.
3. Book lungs or book gills are present in members of the subphylum Crustacea.
4. The appendages of a crayfish are said to be serially homologous because they have evolved from a common ancestral form. The common ancestral form is the biramous appendage, which consists of a protopodite that attaches to the body wall and gives rise to two distal processes.
5. Members of the subphylum Chelicerata were preadapted for terrestrial life by the exoskeleton, which was relatively impermeable to water and supportive on land. Members of the class Arachnida were some of the very early terrestrial inhabitants.

Chapter 15: Hexapods and Myriapods

1. Millipedes belongs to the arthropod class:

1. Hexapoda
2. Chilopoda
3. Diplopoda
4. Crustacea

1. Centipedes belong to the arthropod class:

1. Hexapoda
2. Chilopoda
3. Diplopoda
4. Crustacea

1. Members of this class feed on decaying plant matter, possess repugnatorial glands, and possess two pairs of appendages per apparent segment.

1. Hexapoda
2. Chilopoda
3. Diplopoda
4. Crustacea

1. The thoracic tagmata of an insect often has a pair of wings on

1. Prothorax
2. Prothorax and mesothorax
3. Mesothorax and metathorax
4. Metathorax

1. Insect flight, in which muscles act to change the shape of the exoskeleton during both upward and downward wing beats is called ______flight.

1. Synchronous
2. Asynchronous
3. Tympanal
4. Regulatory

1. Which of the following mouthparts of a chewing insect, like a grasshopper, is primarily a sensory, liplike structure and is the anterior post mouthpart?

1. Mandible
2. Maxilla
3. Labrum
4. Labium

True of False

1. Myriapoda includes scorpions, centipedes, and proturans
2. Insects are not capable of regulating their body temperature
3. An insect’s compound eyes probably form images, but more importantly, thay are adapted for detecting movement.
4. Virtually all zoologists agree that the phylum Arthropoda is a monophyletic grouping.

Chapter 16: Echinoderms

1. All of the following are characteristics of members of phylum Echinodermata, EXCEPT:
2. Calcareous endoskeleton in the form of ossicles that arise from mesoderm
3. Adults with pentaradial symmetry
4. Larvae with radial symmetry
5. Water vascular system composed of water-filled canals used in locomotion, attachment, and feeding
6. A plate that serves as an opening of a sea star’s water vascular system to the outside is called the:

1. Ring canal
2. Radial canal
3. Ampulla
4. Madreporite

1. ______are canals of the water vascular system that run the length of the arms of echinoderms

1. Ring canals
2. Radial canals
3. Lateral canals
4. Hemal canals

1. The following are functions of the water vascular system EXCEPT:

1. Feeding
2. Storage of gametes
3. Locomotion
4. Gas exchange

1. Sea stars belong to the class:

1. Echinoidea
2. Asteroidea
3. Holothuroidea
4. Crinoidea

1. Sand dollars belong to the class:

1. Echinoidea
2. Asteroidea
3. Holothuroidea
4. Ophiuroidea

1. Sea cucumbers belong to the class:

1. Concentricycloidea
2. Asteroidea
3. Holothuroidea
4. Crinoidea

1. Sea lilies and feather stars belong to the class:

1. Ophiuroidea
2. Asteroidea
3. Holothuroidea
4. Crinoidea

1. A chewing apparatus found in members of the class Echinoidea is:

1. Madreporite
2. Aristotle’s Lantern
3. Calyx
4. Pedicellaria

1. Members of the class ______are predators and scavengers. They use their arms and tube feet in sweeping motions to collect prey and particulate matter. Their arms are sharply set off from the central disk.

1. Ophiuroidea
2. Asteroidea
3. Holothuroidea
4. Crinoidea

True or False

1. The earliest function of the water vascular system of echinoderms was probably locomotion.
2. Even though modern echinoderm adults are pentaradially symmetrical, ancestral echinoderms were probably bilaterally symmetrical.
3. Members of the class Holothuroidea possess ossicles that are embedded in the dermis.
4. The presence of suckers on the tube feet of many echinoderms is a derived character that was probably associated with a change from a sedentary, filter-feeding lifestyle to a more active existence.
5. The tentacles of a sea cucumber are used in feeding and branch from radial canals of the water vascular system.

Chapter 17: Hemichordata and Invertebrate Chordates

1. Acorn worms are members of the class:

1. Pterobranchia
2. Enteropneusta
3. Urochordata
4. Osteichthyes

1. Members of the class ______use ciliated tentacles in filter feeding; usually live in secreted tubes in asexually produced colonies; and possess an expanded, shield-like proboscis. They live in deep oceanic water of the Southern Hemisphere

1. Pterobranchia
2. Enteropneusta
3. Urochordata
4. Cephalochordata

1. All of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Chordata EXCEPT:

1. Endostyle and thyroid gland
2. Complete digestive tract
3. Dorsal contractile blood vessel or heart
4. Postanal tail

1. Tunicates are members of the chordate subphylum
2. Urochordata
3. Cephalochordata
4. Enteropneusta
5. Pterobranchia
6. Lancelets are members of the chordate subphylum

1. Urochordata
2. Cephalochordata
3. Vertebrata
4. Osteichthyes

True or False

1. Animals in the phyla Hemichordata and Chordata share deuterostomate characteristics with echinoderms.
2. The pharyngeal slits were used by earliest chordates for gas exchange. In many later chordates, they have become adapted for filter feeding.
3. The notochord of members of the subphylum Cephalochordata is unique in that it is partly composed of muscle cells and is somewhat contractile.
4. Hemichordates, echinoderms, and chordates share structures that indicate that they most likely share a diploblastic or triploblastic ancestor.
5. The notochord, postanal tail, and endostyle are important characteristics that distinguish the Hemichordata and Chordata.

Chapter 18: The Fishes

1. Members of the vertebrate subphylum ______include the hagfish

1. Hyperotreti
2. Cephalaspidomorphi
3. Vertebrata
4. Chondrichthyes

1. Members of the vertebrate class ______include sharks, skates, and rays

1. Osteichthyes
2. Cephalaspidomorphi
3. Placodermi
4. Chondrichthyes

1. The class ______is made of two subclasses: Actinopterygii (the ray-finned fishes) and Sacropterygii (the lobe-finned fishes).

1. Amphibia
2. Cephalaspidomorphi
3. Chondrichthyes
4. Osteichthyes

1. The lateral line system may function in all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Detecting water currents
2. Detecting predators or prey
3. Buoyancy regulation
4. Detecting low-frequency sounds

1. All of the following are adaptations of freshwater fish for osmoregulation EXCEPT:

1. Excreting hypotonic urine
2. Transporting salt out of the blood
3. Not drinking water
4. Nephrons with large glomeruli

True or False

1. Blood and water move in opposite directions on either side of a gill lamellar epithelium. This movement provides very efficient gas exchange between blood and water and is called a countercurrent exchange mechanism.
2. All members of the class Chondrichthyes possess placoid scales and lack an operculum.
3. Sharks, skates, and rays regulate buoyancy using a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct connected to the esophagus.
4. All fishes have a heart with a single, undivided ventricle and a single, undivided atrium.
5. Lungfishes are probably the direct ancestors of the terrestrial vertebrates, according to recent evidence

Chapter 19: Amphibians

1. Salamanders are members of the order:

1. Caudata
2. Anura
3. Apoda
4. Temnospondyli

1. Caecilians are members of the order:

1. Caudata
2. Anura
3. Apoda
4. Temnospondyli

1. Frogs and Toads are members of the order:

1. Caudata
2. Anura
3. Apoda
4. Temnospondyli

1. A portion of the gas exchange in amphibians occurs across the moist surfaces of the mouth and pharynx. This process is called

1. Buccopharyngeal respiration
2. Buccal pumping
3. Cutaneous respiration
4. Mouth to blood exchange

1. All of the following are true of the heart of amphibians EXCEPT:
2. It consists of a sinus venosus, two atria, a ventricle, and a conus arteriosus
3. The atria are completely separated from each other
4. Blood entering the right side of the heart is often as well oxygenated as blood leaving the heart
5. There is complete separation of oxygenated and less oxygenated blood throughout the heart

True or False

1. Most salamanders have internal fertilization. A male deposits a spermatophore, which is picked up and stored by a female. Eggs are fertilized as the female deposits them.
2. Vision is a very important sense for most amphibians because they are primarily sight feeders.
3. The upper eyelid of an amphibian forms a transparent membrane that cleans and protects the eye. This membrane is called the nictitating membrane.
4. Amphibians were the first vertebrates to possess a cervical vertebra. This vertebra increases the flexibility of the vertebral column during locomotion on land.
5. The word “amphibian” means “two homes”

Chapter 20: Reptiles

1. The major synapomorphy that distinguishes reptiles, birds, and mammals from other tetrapods is

1. Amniotic egg
2. Epidermal scales
3. Anapsid skull
4. Endothermy

1. Lizards and snakes belong to the order:

1. Testudines
2. Crocodilia
3. Sphenodontida
4. Squmata

1. Turtles belong to the order:

1. Testudines
2. Crocodilia
3. Sphenodontida
4. Squmata

1. The dorsal portion of the shell of a turtle is the:

1. Plastron
2. Carapace
3. Fenestra
4. Diaphysis

1. The ______allows an alligator to breathe when its mouth is full of water or food.

1. Secondary palata
2. Jacobson’s organs
3. Pit organs
4. Plastron

True or False

1. The crocodiles, birds, snakes, and lizards are all members of the diapsid lineage.
2. A secondary palate, first seen in reptiles, is a plate of bone that separates the nasal passages from the mouth cavity.
3. Most reptiles use internal heat sources for temperature regulation and are, therefore, endotherms.
4. The median (parietal) eye of reptiles is an outgrowth of the forebrain. When it is present, it is used as a third, image-forming sensory receptor.
5. Olfactory receptors located in pouches that open through the secondary palate of many reptiles are called pit organs

Chapter 21: Birds

1. All of the following are characteristics of members of the class Aves EXCEPT:

1. Ectothermy
2. Vertebral column modified for flight
3. Bones with air spaces
4. Feathers

1. Feathers of the bird that cover the body, wings, and tailed are called ______feathers.

1. Flight
2. Down
3. Contour
4. Dermal

1. Feathers of a bird that have insulating functions are called ______feathers.

1. Flight
2. Down
3. Contour
4. Dermal

1. The alula is a group of small feathers on the wing that:

1. Helps decrease the angle of attack of the wing
2. Is elevated during fast flapping flight
3. Is elevated to reduce turbulence
4. Generated propulsive force of flight

1. In some birds, for example spotted sandpipers, males establish nest sites. A female will mate with more than one male and lay a clutch of eggs in each male's nest. The males then care for the eggs. This reproductive process is called

1. Monogamy
2. Polygyny
3. Polyandry
4. Ovoviviparity

True or False

1. The anterior margin of a bird's wing is thicker than the posterior margin. The upper surface of the wing is slightly convex. As air passes over the wing, a low-pressure area is created under the wing and creates lift needed for flight.
2. Birds have two foveae per eye. The search fovea gives birds good monocular vision. The pursuit fovea gives birds binocular vision and depth perception.
3. Altricial chicks, like those of killdeer, are alert and lively shortly after hatching.
4. Fossil discoveries of feathered dinosaurs support the close relationships between dinosaurs and birds. Some fossil dinosaurs also show the furcula where flight muscles attach in birds
5. A volume of air is inspired by a bird. During this inspiration, air moves to the abdominal air sacs.

Chapter 22: Mammals

1. All of the following are characteristics of members of the class Mammalia EXCEPT:

1. Mammary glands
2. Hair
3. Homodont teeth
4. Sweat and Scent glands

1. Members of the order Chiroptera include the:

1. Rats and mice
2. Rabbits
3. Bats
4. Armadillos

1. Members of the order Ceacea include the:

1. Elephants
2. Manatees
3. Beavers
4. Whales

1. The echidna and the duck-billed platypus are members of the infraclass

1. Prototheria
2. Ornithodelphia
3. Metatheria
4. Eutheria

1. Which of the following glands are associated with hair follicles and function to lubricate and waterproof the skin?

1. Sudoriferous glands
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Mammary glands
4. Musk glands

1. A diaphragm is present in:

1. Birds and mammals
2. Reptiles, birds, and mammals
3. Mammals only
4. Birds and reptiles

1. The ______is the time during which the female is behaviorally and physiologically receptive to the male.

1. Menstrual cycle
2. Ovarian cycle
3. Estrus cycle
4. Uterine cycle

True or False

1. Another source of evidence that the mammals evolved in the archosaur branch of the amniote lineage is the fact that both birds and mammals have four completely separated heart chambers.
2. Sudoriferous glands are found around the face, feet, or anus of many mammals. They secrete pheromones involved with defense, species and sex recognition, and territorial behavior.
3. A cecum is found in horses, rabbits, and many rodents. It is a fermentation pouch at the junction of the large and small intestines where microorganisms aid in cellulose digestion.
4. Hibernation is a period of winter inactivity in which the hypothalamus of the brain slows the metabolic, heart, and respiratory rates. It is common in rodents, bats, and bears.
5. Embryonic diapause occurs in bats. Coitus occurs in the autumn, but fertilization is delayed until spring. Females store viable sperm for about two months.
6. All mammals have a placenta through which young are nourished for at least a portion of their development. The maternal bloodstream, not yolk, supplies nutrients.