Chapter 7: Using Light to Make Food
Introduction:
A. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes convert ______to ______energy and store the chemical energy in ______, made from ______and ______.
B. Algae farms can be used to produce oils for ______or ______to generate ethanol. Algae are more suitable for biofuel production than plants like corn because ______and ______.
7.1 ______are the producers of the biosphere. They can ______through the process of ______
Photoautotrophs – Use energy from ______
Eg: ______, ______, ______, ______
Chemoautotrophs – Use energy from ______
Eg: ______. They live in ______
______– are the consumers that feed on other organisms
Eg: ______, ______, ______, ______
7.2 Photosynthesis converts ______, ______into ______and ______
Write the equation of photosynthesis here
7.2 Photosynthesis takes place in the ______.
Chloroplasts contain ______, ______and other molecules required for ______
There are about ______chloroplasts per square millimeter of leaf surface!!!!!
7.2 Draw a picture of a chloroplast here and label the parts.
______are tiny pores in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit.
______in the leaf deliver water absorbed by roots.
______is an important light-absorbing pigment in chloroplasts
7.3 Plants produce ______as a by-product of photosynthesis. This oxygen comes from ______molecule and not from ______molecules.
7.4 Photosynthesis is a ______process meaning that ______becomes reduced and ______is oxidized.
This is complete opposite of what is happening in ______.
7.5 Two stages of photosynthesis
1. ______
2. ______
Fill in this table:
The process / Where does it take place? / What are the inputs? / What are the outputs? / Other featuresLight reaction
Calvin cycle
7.6 Sun light contains energy called ______. ______is a small part of this spectrum. Electromagnetic energy travels in ______. Distance between the crests of two adjacent waves is called ______.
The shorter the ______, the greater the ______.
Q: Which one has more energy? X-rays or gamma rays?
Q: What is the wavelength range of the visible light? From ______to ______
§ Light behaves as discrete packets of energy called ______
§ ______absorb light and are built into the ______membrane.
§ Plant pigments ______some wavelengths of light and ______or ______other wavelengths. Different pigments absorb light of different ______.
§ Four kinds of pigments in plants:
1. ______- reflects ______
2. ______- reflects ______
3. ______- reflects ______These are called ______
4. ______- reflects ______
Q: Why is that the carotenes and xanthophylls can be observed only during fall?
7.7 Pigments in chloroplasts absorb ______, which increases the ______of the pigment’s electrons and sends the electrons into an ______state. These unstable electrons drop back down to their “______state,” and as they drop down, they release their energy as ______and ______.
§ Photosystems are located in the ______membrane. It includes chlorophyll molecules organized along with other pigments and proteins into one complex.
A photosystem consists of a number of ______complexes surrounding a ______complex.
A light-harvesting complex contains various pigment molecules bound to proteins.
Collectively, the light-harvesting complexes function as a ______.
§ There are two types of photosystems, ____ and ______. Photosystem II operates ______photosystem I.
7.8 The two photosystems are connected by an ______chain.
Electron transport chain generate ______and ______
7.9 ______powers ATP synthesis in the light reactions. An enzyme called ______Generates ATP using the H+ . This enzyme is located in the ______
§ How does photophosphorylation in photosynthesis compare with oxidative phosphorylation taking place in cellular respiration?
Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation
Take place in ______
Derive energy from ______
§ The products of the light reactions are ______, ______, and ______
§ The products ______and ______then go to Calvin cycle
§ This product, a gas ______is released from leaves to the outer environment.
7.10 Calvin cycle
§ Makes ______within a chloroplast. It used atmospheric ______and
§ ATP and NADPH generated by the ______reactions.
§ Calvin cycle produces an energy-rich, ______-carbon sugar called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
§ A plant cell may then use G3P to make ______and other ______molecules.
Draw Calvin cycle here and list 3 inputs and 1 output.
§ The enzyme ______adds CO2 to RuBP. The first product of carbon fixation is a ______-carbon compound, 3-PGA.
7.12 Review: Photosynthesis uses ______energy, ______, and ______to make organic molecules
7.13 COONECTION: Photosynthesis may moderate global ______.
§ The gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation are called ______gases. The warming of the planet by the heat absorbed by these gases is called ______effect.
§ Global warming caused by increasing CO2 levels may be reduced by ______and ______
7.14 SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: Scientific study of Earth’s ______layer has global significance
§ Ozone has ______oxygen atoms. This is created by combining ______with ______.
§ Industrial chemicals called ______have caused dangerous thinning of the ozone layer. These chemicals have been ______now.
§ The relevance of ozone layer to this chapter is because the oxygen in ozone comes from ______.
What can we (scientists) learn from plants?
Name five things that we get from plants.
Label this diagram:
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