Section 2 Materials

SECTION 2 MATERIALS

2.1 General - The material properties given in this section are nominal values, to be accepted as characteristic values in design calculations.

2.2 Structural Steel

2.2.1 Scope - The provisions in this section are applicable to the steels commonly used in steel construction namely

1. Structural mild steel

2. High tensile structural steel

2.2.2 All the structural steels used in general construction, coming under the purview of this code (before fabrication), shall conform to IS: 1977, IS: 2062 and IS: 8500, as appropriate.

2.2.3 Any structural steel other than those specified in 2.2.2 may also be used provided that the permissible stresses and other design provisions are suitably modified and the steel is also suitable for the type of fabrication adopted.

2.2.3.1 Steel which are not supported by mill test result may be used only in unimportant members and details where their properties such as ductility and weldability would not affect the performance requirements of the members and the structure as a whole.

2.2.4 Properties - The properties of structural steel, for use in design, may be taken as given below.

2.2.4.1 Physical properties of structural steel irrespective of its grade may be taken as:

a) Unit mass of steel, r = 7850 kg/m3

b) Modulus of elasticity, E = 2.0 ´ 105 N/mm2 (MPa)

c) Poisson ratio, m = 0.3

d) Modulus of rigidity, G = 0.769 ´ 105 N/mm2 (MPa)

e) Coefficient of thermal expansion at = 12 ´ 10-6 /o C

2.2.4.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel - The principal mechanical properties of the structural steels important in design, are the yield stress, fy, the tensile or ultimate stress, fu, the maximum percent elongation on a standard gauge length and notch toughness. Except the notch toughness others are determined by conducting tensile tests on samples cut from the plates, sections etc., according to IS: 1608. These properties for the common steel products of different specifications are summarized in Table 2.1.

2.3 Rivets

2.3.1 Rivets shall be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 7557. They may also be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 2062 provided the steel meets the requirements given in IS: 1148.

2.3.2 Rivets shall conform to IS: 1929 and IS: 2155 as appropriate.

2.3.3 High Tensile Steel Rivets – High tensile steel rivets, shall be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 1149.

2.4 Bolts and Nuts

Bolts and nuts shall conform to IS: 1363, IS: 1364, IS: 1367, IS: 3640, IS: 3757, IS: 6623 and IS: 6639 as appropriate.

2.5 Steel Casting

Steel casting shall conforming to IS: 1030 or IS: 2708.

2.6 Welding

2.6.1 Covered electrodes shall conform to IS: 814 or IS: 1395 as appropriate.

2.6.2 Filler rods and wires for gas welding shall conform to IS: 1278.

2.6.3 The supply of solid filler wires for submerged arc welding of structural steels shall conform to IS: 1387.

2.6.4 The bare wire electrodes for submerged arc welding shall conform to IS: 7280. The combination of wire and flux shall satisfy the requirements of IS: 3613.

2.6.5 Filler rods and bare electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding shall conform to IS: 6419 and IS: 6560, as appropriate.

TABLE 2.1 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

(Section 2.2.4.2)

Sl.No. / *Specification No. /

Particulars

Grade / Classification

Properties

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) / Ultimate Tensile Stress, MPa, (Min) / Elongation Percent (Min)
1 / IS: 513-1994 / Specification for cold rolled low carbon steel sheets and strips / O
D
DD
EDD / ---
280
250
220 / ---
280-410
270-370
270-350 / ---
23
26
32
2 / IS: 814-1991 / Specification for covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steel / Ex40xx
Ex41xx
Ex42xx
Ex43xx
Ex44xx
Ex50xx
Ex51xx
Ex52xx
Ex53xx
Ex54xx
Ex55xx
Ex56xx / 330
330
330
330
330
360
360
360
360
360
360
360 / 410-510
410-510
410-510
410-510
410-510
510-610
510-610
510-610
510-610
510-610
510-610
510-610 / -
20
22
24
24
-
18
18
20
20
20
20
3 / IS: 1079-1994 / Specification of hot rolled carbon steel sheets and strips / O
D
DD
EDD / ---- / ---
240-400
260-390
260-380 / ---
25
28
32

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version

TABLE 2.1 (Continued…)

Sl.No. / *Specification No. /

Particulars

Grade /

Classification

Properties

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) / Ultimate Tensile Stress, Mpa, (Min) / Elongation Percent (Min)
4 / IS: 1367-1991
(ISO 898) / Specifications of fasteners-threaded steel for technical supply conditions / 3.6
4.6
4.8
5.6
5.8
6.8
8.8
9.8
10.9
12.9 / 180
240
320
300
400
480
640
720
900
1080 / 300
400
400
500
500
600
800
900
1000
1200 / 25
22
14
20
10
8
12
10
9
8
5 / IS:1875-1992 / Specification for carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgings / 1
1A
2
2A
3
3A
4
5
6 / 200
220
230
250
270
280
320
350
370 / 370
410
430
460
490
540
620
710
740 / 26
25
24
22
21
20
15
13
10
6 / IS:1977–1996 / Specification for low tensile structural steel / Fe 290
Fe 330
Fe 370 / 165
170
215 / 290-390
330-430
370-470 / 23
23
23

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version

TABLE 2.1 (Continued…)

Sl.No / *Specification No. /

Particulars

Grade /

Classification

Properties

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) / Ultimate Tensile Stress, Mpa, (Min) / Elongation Percent (Min)
7 / IS: 1990-1973 / Specification of steel rivet and stay bars for boilers / St 37
St 42 / d or t 20 / d or t > 20 / 360-440
410-500 / 26
23
220
250 / 200
240
8 / IS:2002-1992 / Specification of steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate and high temperature service including boilers / 1
2
3 / d or t 16 / 16<d or t40 / 40<d or t60 / d or t < 60 / d or t < 60
235
265
290 / 225
255
285 / 215
245
280 / 360-480
410-530
460-580 / 24
22
21
9 / IS:2062-1999 / Specification of steel for general structural purposes / A/ Fe410WA
B/ Fe410WB
C/ Fe410WC / d or t < 20 / 20d or t40 / d or t > 40 / 410
410
410 / 23
23
23
250
250
250 / 240
240
240 / 230
230
230
10 / IS: 3039-1988 / Specification of structural steel for construction of hulls of ships / I
II
III / d or t 25 / 25<d or t 50 / 400-490
400-490
400-490 / 22
22
22
230
235
235 / 220
235
235
11 / IS: 6240-1999 / Specification for hot rolled (upto 6 mm), sheet and strip for the manufacture of low pressure liquefiable gas cylinders / --- / 240 / 350-450 / 25

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version Note d = Nominal diameter of element in mm, t = thickness of element in mm

TABLE 2.1 (Continued…)

Sl.No / *Specification No. /

Particulars

Grade /

Classification

Properties

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) / Ultimate Tensile Stress, Mpa, (Min) / Elongation Percent (Min)
12 / IS:7557–1982 / Specification for steel wire (upto 20 mm) for the manufacture of cold forged rivets / Annealed Condition
As-Drawn Condition / 160
190 / 330-410
410-490 / 30
20
13 / IS:8500-1991 / Specification for structural steel micro alloyed (Medium and high strength qualities / Fe440
Fe440B
Fe490
Fe490B
Fe540
Fe540B / d or t <1 6 / 16d or t 40 / 41d or t 63 / 440
440
490
490
540
540 / 20
22
22
22
20
20
300
300
350
350
410
410 / 290
290
330
330
390
390 / 280
280
320
320
380
380
14 / IS: 9295-1983 / Specification for steel tubes for indlers for belt conveyors / HFC 210/CDS 210/ERW210
HFC 240/CDS 240/ERW240
HFC 310/CDS 310/ERW310 / 210
240
310 / 330
410
540 / 20
18
15
15 / IS:10748-1995 / Specification of Hot Rolled steel strip for welded tubes and pipes / 1
2
3
4
5 / 170
210
240
275
310 / 290
330
410
430
490 / 30
28
25
20
15

* Specification given in the Table is Revised Version.

Note1: Percentage of elongation taken over the gauge length of 5.65

where S0 =Original cross sectional area of the test specimen

Note2: Abbreviations: O – Ordinary, D – Drawing, DD – Deep Drawing, EDD – Extra Deep Drawing, Min – Minimum