RED LIST ASSESSMENT
Questionnaire
(please complete one questionnaire per taxon, extra sheets may be used)
1a. Scientific name (including authority details):1b. Synonym/s (if there has been a taxonomic change in the last 5 years or if widely used):
1c. English Common Name (if known):
1d. Other Common Names (if known and state language):
2a. Order / 2b. Family
3. Distribution
Describe the range in terms of countries of occurrence, subcountry units (e.g., states, provinces, etc.). For an inland water taxon, record the name/s of lakes, river systems, etc. in which it occurs. For a marine taxon, record names of estuaries, territorial waters, FAO fisheries areas:
Note: A distribution map showing the extent of occurrence MUST be attached.
3a. Red List Assessment (Red List assessment using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. (IUCN 2001)). Tick (Ö) one of the following categories:
3b. Red List Criteria (For threatened taxa (i.e., those assessed as CR, EN or VU) record which criteria are met (e.g., A2c+3c; B1ab(iii); D) alongside the appropriate Category. For NT taxa, record criteria nearly met):
Extinct (EX)
Extinct in the Wild (EW)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Near Threatened (NT)
Least Concern (LC)
Data Deficient (DD)
Not Evaluated (NE)
Note: If one of the threatened categories is selected (i.e. CR, EN or VU) then ALL the criteria, subcriteria and sub-subcriteria met for that category, must be listed in the box provided.
4. Rationale for the Red List Assessment (record the reasons why the taxon is assessed as above, including any population or range information used, inferences, assumptions, etc. For NT specify what criteria were nearly met and for DD specify what little information is known. Use additional sheets if necessary):
5. Reason for Change from previous Red List assessment (if the taxon has changed Red List category from a previous assessment, record the reasons for this change (see www.redlist.org)). Tick (Ö) at least one of the following:
Genuine change in status of species / New or better information available
Incorrect information used previously / Taxonomic change affecting the species
Previously incorrect application of the Red List Criteria
6. Current Population Trend (tick (Ö) one of the following):
Increasing / Decreasing / Stable / Unknown
7. Date of Assessment (day/month/year):
8a. Name/s of the Assessor/s
8b. Names of the Evaluators - to be filled in By Red List Authority ONLY
(at least TWO evaluators, and the name of the Red List Authority)
9. Text documentation
Brief notes (i.e., a short narrative, on the topics below to complement the information entered above or on the Authority Files in Annex 1 (use additional sheets if required).
9a. Taxonomy (any taxonomic notes of relevance - optional):
9b. Geographic Range (including mention of important sites, and if known specify the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy):
9c. Population (for example, population size, abundance (rare, scarce, common, etc.), number and size of subpopulations if known, number of locations and degree of fragmentation):
9d. Habitat and Ecology (including particulars about breeding ecology if relevant):
9e. Threats (the main threats to the species, and if known, the severity and extent):
9f. Conservation Actions (including presence in protected areas and national/international legislation):
g. Utilization (Is the taxon utilized in any way, e.g., medicinal uses, food, building material, etc.? Which parts are utilized? Is there a local, national or international trade in the taxon?
10. Literature References (cited in full) used for the assessment and documentation:
2
Annex 1. Authority Files For Habitats, Threats and Conservation Actions and Utilization
This annex contains four Authority Files with standard categories to be used for documenting (a) the major habitats a taxon occurs in; (b) the major threats to the taxon (past, present and future); (c) what conservation actions are in place or are required for the taxon; and (d) information about the utilization of the taxon (locally, nationally or internationally). More detailed descriptors of the Authority File terms are being developed, and will be available in due course.
A. Habitats Authority File (Version 2.1)
This two-tiered habitat classification system is based on a climatic and biogeographic classification using Holdridge's life zones as a basis. The aquatic habitats (inland, marine and artificial) are based primarily on the classification system of wetland types used by the Ramsar Convention (see http://www.ramsar.org/key_ris_types.htm). The aquatic habitats are under review, particularly the marine ones, as these are far too simplistic a view of the marine environment. The categories are numbered to indicate their level in the hierarchy e.g., 1. Forest and 1.1 Boreal Forest.
There is a third level to the classification which is based on the Global Land Cover Characterization (GLCC) developed by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (see http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/glcc/glcc.html). This third level is not shown here, because without access to the Species Information Service (SIS) database or the GLCC maps, it is impossible for users to accurately record habitats at this level.
In using this classification, assessors are asked to indicate in which habitats their taxon is found. This is done by means of a simple scoring system:
1 = Suitable (main or preferred habitat/s, habitat/s containing major subpopulations, habitat/s with high population densities)
2 = Moderately suitable (secondary habitat/s, habitat/s containing minor subpopulations, habitat/s with low population densities
3 = Unsuitable (unsuitability expressly known or easily inferred from the ecology of the taxon)
9 = Undefined (data deficient, possibly suitable or moderately suitable as inferred from the ecology of the taxon)
It is important to note that if a higher level in the hierarchy is scored, this automatically implies that all the habitat types nested below that level are also scored (e.g., scoring Forest, means that all the forest types i.e. 1.1. to 1.9 are scored). This will not be the intention in most cases. Users are therefore encouraged to select the appropriate habitat type from the lowest level in the hierarchy wherever possible.
If 'Other' is selected, the habitat type must be specified. Multiple additions under 'Other' are allowed, although extensive use of this is not encouraged. If the habitat is not known, please indicate this using a score of 9 under category '15. Unknown'.
(Score: 1= primary habitat type; 2= secondary habitat type; 9 = possibly suitable habitat)
Score
1. Forest1.1. Boreal
1.2. Subarctic
1.3. Subantarctic
1.4. Temperate
1.5. Subtropical/Tropical Dry
1.6. Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
1.7. Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove
1.8. Subtropical/Tropical Swamp
1.9. Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
2. Savanna
2.1. Dry
2.2. Moist
3. Shrubland
3.1. Subarctic
3.2. Subantarctic
3.3. Boreal
3.4. Temperate
3.5. Subtropical/Tropical Dry
3.6. Subtropical/Tropical Moist
3.7. Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
3.8. Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation
4. Grassland
4.1. Tundra
4.2. Subarctic
4.3. Subantarctic
4.4. Temperate
4.5. Subtropical/Tropical Dry Lowland
4.6. Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded Lowland
4.7. Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
5. Wetlands (inland)
5.1. Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks [includes waterfalls]
5.2. Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks
5.3. Shrub Dominated Wetlands
5.4. Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands
5.5. Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
5.6. Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
5.7. Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
5.8. Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
5.9. Freshwater Springs and Oases
5.10. Tundra Wetlands [includes pools and temporary waters from snowmelt]
5.11. Alpine Wetlands [includes temporary waters from snowmelt]
5.12. Geothermal Wetlands
5.13. Permanent Inland Deltas
5.14. Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes
5.15. Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats
5.16. Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
5.17. Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
5.18. Karst and Other Subterranean Hydrological Systems [inland]
6. Rocky Areas [e.g. inland cliffs, mountain peaks]
7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)
7.1. Caves
7.2. Other Subterranean Habitats
8. Desert
8.1. Hot
8.2. Temperate
8.3. Cold
9. Sea
9.1. Open
9.2. Shallow [usually less than 6 m deep at low tide; includes sea bays and straits]
9.3. Subtidal Aquatic Beds [kelp beds, sea- grass beds and tropical marine meadows]
9.4. Coral Reefs
10. Coastline
10.1. Rocky Shores [includes rocky offshore islands and sea cliffs]
10.2. Sand, Shingle or Pebble Shores [includes sand bars, spits, sandy islets, dune systems]
10.3. Estuarine Waters
10.4. Intertidal Mud, Sand or Salt Flats
10.5. Intertidal Marshes [includes salt marshes]
10.6. Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons
10.7. Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
10.8. Karst and Other Subterranean Hydrological Systems [marine/coastal]
11. Artificial - Terrestrial
11.1. Arable Land
11.2. Pastureland
11.3. Plantations
11.4. Rural Gardens
11.5. Urban Areas
11.6. Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
12. Artificial - Aquatic
12.1. Water Storage Areas (over 8 ha)
12.2. Ponds (below 8 ha)
12.3. Aquaculture Ponds
12.4. Salt Exploitation Sites
12.5. Excavations (open)
12.6. Wastewater Treatment Areas
12.7. Irrigated Land [includes irrigation channels]
12.8. Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land
12.9. Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches
12.10. Karst and Other Subterranean Hydrological Systems [human-made]
13. Introduced Vegetation
14. Other
15. Unknown
2
B. Major Threats (Version 2.1)
In using this hierarchical classification of causes of species decline, assessors are asked to indicate the threats that triggered the listing of the taxon concerned. These threats could be in the past and/or present and/or future, using a time frame of three generations or ten years, whichever is longer (not exceeding 100 years in the future) as in the Red List Criteria. Selecting past, present and future for any threat implies that it is ongoing. In this hierarchy, unlike that for the habitats, selection of a higher level threat e.g., 1.1. Agriculture, does not imply that all the threats below this e.g., 1.1.1 Crops to 1.1.7 Freshwater aquaculture, are indicated. It simply indicates that some unspecified form of agriculture is leading to habitat loss or habitat degradation for the taxon concerned. Selection of any threat category lower down the hierarchy automatically implies that the higher levels are indicated, i.e. it is not necessary to indicate all the levels met. For example, selecting threat 1.1.4.1. Nomadic, indicates that nomadic livestock is an agricultural activity (threat 1.1.) that causes habitat loss or degradation (threat 1.). It is very important for users to check the hierarchy above the level indicated to ensure that the correct threat is selected because similar terms (e.g., fire) are used in more than one place in the classification. Multiple threats can be selected as required. If 'Other' is selected, the threat or cause of the decline must be specified. Multiple additions under 'Other' are allowed, although extensive use of this is not encouraged. If no threats to the taxon are known (past and/or present and/or future this should be recorded against threat category 0. To indicate the threats use: Yes or Y or Ö.
Threat / Past / Present / Future0. No threats
1. Habitat loss/degradation (human induced)
1.1. Agriculture
1.1.1. Crops
1.1.1.1. Shifting agriculture
1.1.1.2. Small-holder farming
1.1.1.3. Agro-industry farming
1.1.2. Wood plantations
1.1.2.1. Small-scale
1.1.2.2. Large-scale
1.1.3. Non-timber plantations
1.1.3.1. Small-scale
1.1.3.2. Large-scale
1.1.4. Livestock
1.1.4.1. Nomadic
1.1.4.2. Small-holder
1.1.4.3. Agro-industry
1.1.5. Abandonment
1.1.6. Marine aquaculture
1.1.7. Freshwater aquaculture
1.1.8. Other
1.1.9. Unknown
1.2. Land management of non-agricultural areas
1.2.1. Abandonment
1.2.2. Change of management regime
1.2.3. Other
1.2.4. Unknown
1.3. Extraction
1.3.1. Mining
1.3.2. Fisheries
1.3.2.1. Subsistence
1.3.2.2. Artisinal/small-scale
1.3.2.3. Large-scale/industrial
1.3.3. Wood
1.3.3.1. Small-scale subsistence
1.3.3.2. Selective logging
1.3.3.3. Clear-cutting
1.3.4. Non-woody vegetation collection
1.3.5. Coral removal
1.3.6. Groundwater extraction
1.3.7. Other
1.3.8. Unknown
1.4. Infrastructure development
1.4.1. Industry
1.4.2. Human settlement
1.4.3. Tourism/recreation
1.4.4. Transport - land/air
1.4.5. Transport – water
1.4.6. Dams
1.4.7. Telecommunications
1.4.8. Power lines
1.4.9. Other (road expansions)
1.4.10. Unknown
1.5. Invasive alien species (directly impacting habitat)
1.6. Change in native species dynamics (directly impacting habitat)
1.7. Fires
1.8. Other causes
1.9. Unknown causes
2. Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species)
2.1. Competitors
2.2. Predators
2.3. Hybridizers
2.4. Pathogens/parasites
2.5. Other
2.6. Unknown
3. Harvesting [hunting/gathering]
3.1. Food
3.1.1. Subsistence use/local trade
3.1.2. Sub-national/national trade
3.1.3. Regional/international trade
3.2. Medicine
3.2.1. Subsistence use/local trade
3.2.2. Sub-national/national trade
3.2.3. Regional/international trade
3.3. Fuel
3.3.1. Subsistence use/local trade
3.3.2. Sub-national/national trade
3.3.3. Regional/international trade
3.4. Materials
3.4.1. Subsistence use/local trade
3.4.2. Sub-national/national trade
3.4.3. Regional/international trade
3.5. Cultural/scientific/leisure activities
3.5.1. Subsistence use/local trade
3.5.2. Sub-national/national trade
3.5.3. Regional/international trade
3.6. Other
3.7. Unknown
4. Accidental mortality
4.1. Bycatch
4.1.1. Fisheries-related
4.1.1.1. Hooking
4.1.1.2. Netting
4.1.1.3. Entanglement
4.1.1.4. Dynamite
4.1.1.5. Poisoning
4.1.2. Terrestrial
4.1.2.1. Trapping/snaring/netting
4.1.2.2. Shooting
4.1.2.3. Poisoning
4.1.3. Other
4.1.4. Unknown
4.2. Collision
4.2.1. Pylon and building collision
4.2.2. Vehicle collision
4.2.3. Other
4.2.4. Unknown
4.3. Other (killed during the removal of soil for road widening process by trolls)
4.4. Unknown
5. Persecution
5.1. Pest control
5.2. Other
5.3. Unknown
6. Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species)
6.1. Atmospheric pollution
6.1.1. Global warming/oceanic warming
6.1.2. Acid precipitation
6.1.3. Ozone hole effects
6.1.4. Smog
6.1.5. Other
6.1.6. Unknown
6.2. Land pollution
6.2.1. Agricultural
6.2.2. Domestic
6.2.3. Commercial/Industrial
6.2.4. Other non-agricultural
6.2.5. Light pollution
6.2.6. Other
6.2.7. Unknown
6.3. Water pollution
6.3.1. Agricultural
6.3.2. Domestic
6.3.3. Commercial/Industrial
6.3.4. Other non-agricultural
6.3.5. Thermal pollution
6.3.6. Oil slicks
6.3.7. Sediment
6.3.8. Sewage
6.3.9. Solid waste
6.3.10. Noise pollution
6.3.11. Other
6.3.12. Unknown
6.4. Other
6.5. Unknown
7. Natural disasters
7.1. Drought
7.2. Storms/flooding
7.3. Temperature extremes
7.4. Wildfire
7.5. Volcanoes
7.6. Avalanches/landslides
7.7. Other
7.8. Unknown
8. Changes in native species dynamics
8.1. Competitors
8.2. Predators
8.3. Prey/food base
8.4. Hybridizers
8.5. Pathogens/parasites
8.6. Mutualisms
8.7. Other
8.8. Unknown
9. Intrinsic Factors
9.1. Limited dispersal
9.2. Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration
9.3. High juvenile mortality
9.4. Inbreeding
9.5. Low densities
9.6. Skewed sex ratios
9.7. Slow growth rates
9.8. Population fluctuations
9.9. Restricted range
9.10. Other
9.11. Unknown
10. Human disturbance
10.1. Recreation/tourism
10.2. Research
10.3. War/civil unrest
10.4. Transport
10.5. Fire
10.6. Other / Pet trade
10.7. Unknown
11. Other
12. Unknown
2