Virtual Lab
Internet Scavenger Hunt
Format: Hand in Typed Answer Sheet
BACKGROUND
Review the Internet PowerPoint and read an introductory tutorial at the following website, http://www.w3schools.com/tcpip/tcpip_intro.asp which also explains in more detail the concept of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol known as TCP/IP. The Internet is based on the TCP/IP protocol. This protocol allows all different types of networks to communicate with one another using the same language or standard. All hosts using the Internet have registered IP addresses. This number consists of two parts, a network ID and a host ID. Internet Protocol version 4 otherwise known as IPV4 consists of 4 bytes or 32 bits. (There is a newer protocol called IPV6 which consists of 128 bits for an IP address. ) For example, Temple University website IP address is 155.247.166.60. Each of the four sections represents an octet, 1 byte or 8 bits. Each octet has a value from 0-255 or 256 unique values of 0,1. Part of the IP address identifies the network as the Temple network, and part of the IP address identifies the actual computer on the Temple network. 155.247.166 is the Temple network address. The 60 identifies the individual or host computer on which the Temple website is located. The IP address represents the decimal value of the binary 0’s or 1’s combinations. The IP address has to have the network portion so the routers can send the packets to the proper network. The router sees the 155.247.166 as 10011011.11110111.10100110 as the network address. The router uses built in algorithms to discover the possible routes and then selects the best route to send the packets from one network to another. Once the packets arrive at the right network, it is sent to the correct host which is indicated by the number 60. All Internet communications such as emails, IM messages, audio and video downloads require IP addressing to connect.
The Domain Name System or DNS translates the IP address and Domain Names. For more detail, visit the following Web site, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm The Domain Name refers to the text name of the Web site. Each name must be unique. There are specially designated computers which hold tables which maps IP addresses to website domain names. There are thirteen root servers globally. Most of the root servers are located in North America. Without the DNS system, one would have to know all the IP addresses of the websites you wanted to visit. Some examples of domain names include microsoft.com, temple.edu, ftc.gov.
ACTIVITY:
There are several other network settings which are necessary to ensure an Internet connection. You are going on an Internet scavenger hunt to discover what those settings are. Have fun!!
Part I. For each of the following items, answer the following questions using an Internet search engine and provide the URL where the answers can be found.
1. Live video from Time square New York City (a webcam)
http://______
2. A picture of earth from space.
http://______
PART II Domain Names: To answer the following questions, you will require a computer with Windows XP with a network connection. You can do this on your own computer. There are two ways to get to the command prompt
One Way
1. Go to start
2. Select run.
3. Type in “cmd” .
Shortcut:
Hold down the Windows Key and press the “r” key.
Same window as above will appear.
4. Press enter. You should be at a c: > prompt. This is called the command line. You use commands instead of clicking on icons in Graphical User Interface (GUI).
The path will look something like c:\directory name >
5. You will now type at the c:\directory name> prompt, the command, nslookup 130.127.69.228. Press enter.
a. What is the host name or domain name for the IP address 130.127.69.228?______
b. What is the host name or domain name for the IP address 155.247.181.12?______
c. What is the host name or domain name for the IP address 64.233.161.104? ______
6. Instead of using the IP address with nslookup, use the domain name.
a. What is the IP address of www.upenn.edu? ______
b. What is the IP address of www.drexel.edu? ______
c. What is the IP address of www.godaddy.com? ______
d. Go to the following site: http://www.godaddy.com If you wanted to register a domain name, you can do a search to see what is available. There are many sites like this which help you create your own domain name and Web site. These sites are under the umbrella organization of ICANN (Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers).
List three other Web sites in which you can register a domain name.
1. ______
2. ______
3.______
7. Ping is a utility which helps in troubleshooting network communications. It actually sends four (by default) “echo” packets to a specified address to test responsiveness between the two hosts. It waits for a reply. If you have lost your network connection at home and you would call your ISP, and the tech support will use the ping command to test if your computer is still on the network.
A. Ping www.temple.edu and follow the procedure described below to record results.
To record response:
1. Use cut and paste method to put in this document.
2. Right click and select mark.
3. Then left click your mouse to highlight what you wish to mouse. You may then right click in the document and paste results in this document in the space provided.
4. Or you could create a separate text file by using the exact syntax in the screen shot below. The file temple.txt will be saved in the same directory in which it was created. In this case, the text file is located in my documents. You may attach that file to this assignment sheet.
Record results below:
B. The screen display the results of pinging www.upenn.com
When a sending computer pings another computer, it sends typically four ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo request messages. If the connection is made, the receiving computer replies with the same number of bytes. Bytes=32 refers to the number of bytes sent, time =19 ms refers to the round trip time of packet in milliseconds, and TTL=47 refers to the time to live for each packet. TTL acts as a counter and will disappear after 47 hops. The ping statistics summarizes the information. The ping command can be very helpful if you are trying to troubleshoot a lost Internet connection (demonstrated later in this lab.)
8. TRACERT is also a network troubleshooting utility program which both checks the responsiveness between two hosts and traces the path the packet takes to get from one host to another. It discovers the routes or paths that the packets actually take. This is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the times shown are actually the time it takes for a packet to move from the last router to the current router and back to the last router. This is called the RTT (Round Trip Time).
Figure 1
A. At the c:\name of directory>prompt, type in the tracert www.temple.edu and press enter.
Record your results: To record response:
1. Use cut and paste method to put in this document.
2. Right click what you wish to copy. Select mark.
3. Then left click your mouse to highlight what you wish to copy.
4. Press [CTRL]-C to copy the selection and then use [CTRL]-V to paste the results in the space below
Below are the results from tracert www.bucks.edu
Figure 2
1. Studying Figure 2 above, how many hops (really routers or networks) did the packets travel? (Hint
look at far left column). Routers connect many networks together. Example: Temple Network which consists of many LANS (Local Area Networks) like the LAN at which you are currently doing this lab.
______
2.. When an asterisk (*) appears, it usually means that there is a firewall at that router location.
This prevents the public and thus hackers from seeing the networks. On Figure 2, at what hops, do you see this occurring? On what network are these routers located?
______
______
3. To what three states do the packets going to www.bucks.edu travel?
______
9. IPCONFIG - This is one of the most useful commands in troubleshooting your network and Internet access. If you have lost Internet access, this is the first command to use. This command will help you determine if you are receiving an IP address. If your computer is not receiving an IP address, then your computer is not connected to the network and will not get Internet access. There are two ways to receive an IP address:
1. A static IP address which is assigned and is manually typed into network properties.
2. A computer receives an IP address is dynamically from a special server called a DHCP server which provides IP addresses when a computer boots up into its network.
You are going to type in several commands and record each response. The first command you will type at the prompt is ipconfig /all. This command will display all TCP/IP network configurations.
When you type in this command ipconfig /all from the command line, the following identifiers will appear if you have a wireless connection. At the top of the network configurations is the type of network interface card (NIC card) used in the network connection. In the example below – “Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection” indicated a wireless connection. Something like Figure 3 appears. (Note there maybe some variation to Figure 3)
Figure 3
Or if you might have a wired connection which would have Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection and
A. Answer the following questions using your results of using the IPCONFIG /ALL.
Find the physical address of your computer? This is frequently referred to as your MAC address? It is a 12 digit hexadecimal number which is unique to your network interface card (NIC). You may have two MAC addresses. If you have a wired Ethernet NIC card and a wireless NIC card, you will have two different MAC addresses. When you registered your computer for Temple’s wireless network, you have to register your unique MAC address. Since the MAC address is unique, it is used for authentication.
1. Your MAC address is ______.
2. Is DHCP enabled? ______
3. What is the DHCP IP address? ______.
4. What is the IP address of your computer?______
4. What are the DNS servers’ IP addresses (if present)? ______.Note: The DNS servers need to translate all domain names IP addresses. Your ISP provides two DNS servers, in case one fails.
5. What is its IP Address of the default gateway?______
The default gateway is the first router to which your local LAN to whichyour computer is connected. The default gateway is literally a gateway to other networks to which your LAN is connected. The Internet consists of many millions of networks that are all connected. If you are not getting any IP address, you would use the ping command to see if your computer is communicating with the router. If it is not communicating, you will not have Internet access. You might also want to ping the DNS servers and the DHCP server to see whether your computer is communicating with all of those computers.. If there is a failure of communication, you will not have Internet Access.
B. Go to http://www.traceroute.org See how fast the packets travel from Singapore.
Choose Singapore as the country
Choose SingTel Internet Exchange (AS7473) or Hong Kong (Pacific Supernet (AS2706)
Put in your IP address where indicated or if you have a router and your IP address begins with 192.168…… , then put in www.temple.edu or 155.247.166.60.
______
1. From the results, determine what is the *ISP of your computer or that of Temple if you used www.temple.edu. Hint: usually the router name is listed as well as its IP address. Frequently, but not always, the ISP (Internet Service Provider) uses its name in the router name. See line below.
Ex:0.ge-1-3-0.XL4.NYC4.ALTER.NET (152.63.20.54) 110.850 ms 110.915 ms 112.411 ms-
Alter.Net is the ISP provider. The name also contains NYC4 indicating it is located in New York City. The router address is (152.63.20.54).
Usually the sending host sends three packets to determine the round trip time in milliseconds it takes the packet to arrive at the next hop/router and back again. 110.850 ms 110.915 ms 112.411 ms
______
*When you examine the hops, the name of the router is listed. The name usually contains the location of the router. See example above.
NOTE: SingTel Internet Exchange (AS7473) may not display the router name just its IP address. In that case use Hong Kong (Pacific Supernet (AS2706) or try others since not every selection works consistently.
10. More Fun.
Go to http://member.dnsstuff.com/pages/tools.php
This site use to be free. You have four free reports.
Type in www.temple.edu in IPWHOIS lookup
1. List the technical and administrative contacts.
______
2. List the Temple’s DNS (name server)
______
Congratulations!! That’s All Folks!!
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