Chapter 15 Section 3 – The Grandeur of the Moguls

(p. 498-503)

MAIN IDEAS / NOTES
Babur
Founder of the Moguls
(p. 498) / 1.) came from ______
  • Came from the mountainous region north of the Indus River Valley
  • Babur inherited part of Timur Lenk’s empire= upland river valley of the Syr Dar’ya
  • Mother was descended from the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan
  • Father was descended from the Asian conqueror Timur Lenk
2.) ______
3.) 1504 = ______
4.) 1517 = crossed ______
a.) ______
b.) ______
5.) 1526 = ______
6.) Took ______
  • See map on p. 499
7.) 1530 – Babur ______
Akbar
Time of Prosperity
(p. 498-500) /
  • 14 years old when he took the throne
  • Babur’s grandson
1.) 1605 = ______
a.) ______
  • to destroy stone fortresses
b.) ______
2.) collection of ______
  • controlled by the emperor
3.) ______
a.) ______= Moguls
b.) ______
  • One of Akbar’s wives was a Hindu princess
c.) ______
  • Some of his court advisers were Jesuits
Hinduism = p. 72-73 and p. 222-223
  • Braham = ultimate reality
  • Atman = duty of each individual self to seek to know the ultimate reality of the Braham so the self can merge with Brahman after death
  • Yoga (“union”) = training to leave behind earthly life and join Braham in a kind of dreamless sleep
  • Worship a number of human-like gods and goddesses , which are different expressions of the one ultimate reality, Brahman
  • Brahma = the creator / Vishnu = the preserver / Shiva = the destroyer
  • Reincarnation = soul is reborn in a different form after death
  • Eventually after numerous reincarnations, the soul will reach a union with Brahman
  • Karma = what people do in their current lives determines what they will become in their next lives
  • Dharma = divine law that requires all people to do their duty
  • If you do your duty in this life, you can be reincarnated into a better situation in the next life
4.) ______groups were allowed______jobs
  • Nonnative Muslims held high positions
  • Hindus were allowed to have lower positions
5.) ______= local officials
  • Given plots of farmland for temporary use
  • Collected taxes and kept a portion of taxes as their salary
  • Forwarded the rest of the taxes to the central government
a.) ______
  • Peasants paid 1/3 of their harvest
  • Reduced or suspended taxes during hard times (bad weather, etc.)
6.) ______
  • Arab traders exported the goods
  • Mogul and the Indians didn’t care for sea trade
a.) ______
b.) ______
c.) ______
d.) ______
7.) 1605 = Akbar ______
Jahangir
Decline of the Moguls
(p. 500-501) /
  • Akbar’s son
  • During early years of his reign, he was able and ambitious
1.) Gradually ______to one of his ______
  • Nur Jahan – Persian-born
a.) Used her position to ______
  • Arranged for her niece to marry Shah Jahan, her husband’s 3rd son and successor to the Mogul throne

Shah Jahan
(1628-1658) / 1.) Expanded into the ______
2.) ______
a.) ______
  • to pay for war and building projects
b.) ______
  • Majority of his subjects lived in poverty
3.) Mid 1650s- Shah Jahan ______
a.) ______
b.) ______
  • One of Shah Jahan’s son
  • Imprisoned his father
  • Killed his brother

Aurangzeb / 1.) 1658 = ______
2.) Empire reached its ______
3.) ______
a.) ______(Hindu custom)
  • Suttee = cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre
b.) ______
c.) ______
4.) ______
a.) ______
b.) ______
c.) ______
5.) ______
  • by Hindus and Shia Muslims
6.) 1707 = ______
a.) ______
7.) 1739 = ______
  • Left it in ashes

Life in Mogul India
Society and the Role of Women
(p. 501) / 1.) Women ______in Mogul society
  • Mogul influenced the role of Indian women in aristocratic society
a.) ______
  • Female relatives of Mogul rulers
b.) ______
c.) ______
d.) ______
  • based on Islamic law
2.) ______
a.) ______
  • Suttee = cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre
  • Moguls had tried to abolish it but it continued
b.) ______
Mogul Culture
(p. 501-502) / 1.) blended ______
2.) ______
a.) ______
  • Mid-17th Century = Shah Jahan built in Agra
  • Took 20 years to build
  • Had to raise land taxes creating poverty for the peasants
3.) ______
  • Akbar established a state workshop
  • Hindu artists were guided by the Persian masters
a.) “______” = combined Persian and Indian motifs
b.) ______
c.) Imitated ______= perspective and life-like portraits
Europeans Come to India
Europe in India
(p. 503) / 1.) 1650 = ______in India
  • See map on p. 502
  • Surat
  • Fort William (Calcutta =called Kolkata today)
  • Madras (called Chennai today)
2.) Carried ______to East Indies to trade for ______
3.) ______became rivals over ______in India
4.) Sir ______kept the French out of most of India
  • Clive was a chief representative of the East India Company
  • Private company acting on the behalf of the British Crown
5.) 1756 = ______attacked Fort William
  • He imprisoned the146 captured British soldiers in the “Black Hole of Calcutta
  • Underground prison, intense heat, crowded space
  • Only 23 soldiers survived
6.) 1757 = ______
  • Sir Robert Clive led 3,000 British soldiers v. 30,000 Mogul forces
a.) ______
7.) Moguls gave East India Co. the power to ______
a.) ______
8.) Late 1700s = ______in India
  • The East India Company moved inland from the coast
  • Made lots of money by selling trading privileges to local rulers

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