Flight Planning Contingency Proceduresversion: 1.01

Flight Planning Contingency ProceduresVersion: 1.01

FPPlesson plan information sheet

Sponsor / Training Policy / Training Provider
AFS-400 / AFS-540 / AMA-240
Course # & Name: / 21000088, Oceanic and International Operations
Lesson Title & Tag: / Flight Planning Contingency Procedures (FPP)
Lesson Number: / 11
Version: / 1.01
Version Date: / 4/2/2013
Duration (includes breaks): / 1 hour

Lesson Overview:

This lesson addresses contingency mitigation strategies for preflight planning, hazardous weather regulations, the ICAO Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan, and how volcanic ash stops a jet engine.

Visuals:

SL-01-FPP to SL-12-FPP

Handouts & Practice Exercises:

PE-01-FPP

Training Aids:

Markers, eraser, laser pointer, white board/flip chart

Other Pertinent Information:

Web site link for Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) -
Web site link for Skybrary -
Web site link for ICAO Paris -

Computer File Names:

Lesson Plan: / LP11-FPP.doc, LP11-FPP-HOPE.doc
PowerPoint Presentation: / SL11-FPP.ppt
Participant Notes: / PN11-FPP.doc
Handouts & Exercises: / PN11-FPP-HOPE.doc
Other Files:

Instructor References (as revised):

Regulations

14 CFR part
Part91.103 Preflight Action
Part121.101 Weather reporting facilities
Part121.601 Aircraft dispatcher information to pilot in command: Domestic and flag operations
Part121.603 Facilities and services: Supplemental operations
Part121.333 Supplemental oxygen for emergency descent and for first aid; turbine engine powered airplanes with pressurized cabins
Part125.363 Flight release overwater
Part135.157Oxygen equipment requirements
Part135.213 Weather reports and forecasts

Orders / ACs
Other Documents

ICAO Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan (as amended)
WGS 84

21000088 – Oceanic and International OperationsLesson Plan

Page 1 of 20

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Flight Planning Contingency ProceduresVersion: 1.01

Document Revision History

To be added by AMA-200 staff only. Delete this highlighted text and retain the title above.

21000088 – Oceanic and International OperationsLesson Plan

Page 1 of 20

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Flight Planning Contingency ProceduresVersion: 1.01

This page intentionally left blank.

21000088 – Oceanic and International OperationsLesson Plan

Page 1 of 20

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Flight Planning Contingency ProceduresVersion: 1.01

PROMPTS / CONTENT / NOTES

I.Introduction

SL-1-FPP /

A.Review

The previous lesson addressedissues such as, ETP guidance, procedures, and recomputation.This lesson addresses contingency strategies for preflight planning, hazardous weather regulations, volcanic ash information, and volcanic ash avoidance.

B.Motivation

To be able to correctly and consistently issue Operations Specifications (OpSpecs), Management Specifications (MSpecs), and Letters of Authorization (LOAs) to operators and individuals desiring to operate in Special Areas of Operation by thoroughly understanding flight planning contingency proceduresthrough consultation with yourRegional NextGen SAO Specialist and with a Dispatch Inspector Specialist. / 4/2/2013

C.Objectives

SL-2-FPP /
Participants will be able to:

Identify preflight planning strategies for contingencies
Identify applicable regulations for hazardous weather conditions for each part
Identify volcanic ash avoidance guidance
Identify the web sites where operators can find volcanic ash alerts

D.Overview

SL-3-FPP /
In this lesson we will discuss the following topics:

Preflight planning strategies for mitigating contingencies
Regulations for hazardous weather conditions
How volcanic ash affects a jet engine
Volcanic ash information

Now, let’s take a look at some preflight planning strategies.

II.Body

A.Preflight Planning Strategies for Contingencies

SL-4-FPP / / 4/2/2013
Click links to show documents.
WGS-84 link is part of the front page of web link (pdf) and example is the WGS-84 examples, BURUNDI-1

1.Policies, Procedures and Training

The training programs should be reviewed to be sure that contingencies are included in the General Operations Manual(GOM) or the international manual and tailored to the operator’s authorizations.
For example:

Potential reroutes
ETP calculations
Terrain clearance and oxygen requirements
ETOPS contingencies
Amended release scenarios
C/N/S contingencies

2.HazardousWeather

 / The operator must have an approved means of obtaining and evaluating hazardous weather information. / Select the graphic for an enlarged version.
The operator must have access to appropriate weather sources for the region where they are planning to conduct operations.
For example, an operator flying to a military base may need to obtain the aerodrome weather via a secure web site access.
 / Remember hazardous weather information used for operational decisions must be obtained from the National Weather Service (NWS) for within the 48 contiguous states and Washington D.C. For operations outside this area, the weather source must be approved by the Administrator. / 4/2/2013
14 CFR Part 121.101 Weather reporting facilities.
14 CFR Part135.213 Weather reports and forecasts.
14 CFR Part125.363 Flight release overwater.

3.Oxygen Requirements


 / ASIs must ensure that an operator meets the regulatory requirements for oxygen, especially in areas of high terrain. These requirements can be found in:

14 CFR Part121.333 Supplemental oxygen for emergency descent and for first aid; turbine engine powered airplanes with pressurized cabins
14 CFR Part135.157 Oxygen equipment requirements

/ 4/2/2013
Click the 14 CFR Part121.333 and Part135.157links on the slide to open and review.
14 CFR Part 121.333 - Read out loud (e) 1, 2 and 3.

4.WGS-84

The World Geodetic System-1984 (WGS-84), endorsed by ICAO and the U.S.,has been compliant since 1992. WGS-84 was in response to the aviation community’s need for a common geodetic reference system and to standardize aeronautical surveys and related products. The U.S. has implemented the use of North American Datum 1983 (NAD-83) which is WGS-84 compliant.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) specifies the WGS-84 or equivalent as the geodetic reference datum standard for air navigation latitude/longitude coordinates.
Operators must determine, in advance, whether any countries they intend to fly over or into are WGS-84 compliant. Information about WGS-84 compliance is often noted on plates used in terminal operations or airfield diagrams.
A country’s compliance with WGS-84 is routinely noted in their respective AIPs. Most areas of the world are listed as 1) Unknown (U), 2) Partially Compliant (PC), 3) Compliant (C) or
4) Noncompliant (NC) with WGS-84. For example, parts of Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) may be listed as PC or NC.
 / Commercial vendors also post information on their web sites about specific countries and their compliance with WGS-84. / Click on the WGS-84 link on the slide to open and review the document.
SL-5-FPP /

 / Ask the student to pull out HO-01-FPP and go over this handout. These are the things to point out:

These emails go to a great number of people
It is used as a planning tool
Operators can be added to this email distribution list if so requested

/ HO-01-FPP: Impact of Solar Events on ARINC Communication Center HF Comms 01 August thru 07 September 2011.
We just discussed some preflight planning strategies for contingencies and now want to look at some regulations for hazardous weather.

B.Regulations for Hazardous Weather Conditions

SL-6-FPP / / 4/2/2013
 /

1.14 CFR Part121.601Aircraft dispatcher information to pilot in command: Domestic and flag operations

/ Click on each link to open and review the regulation.
The operator needs a process for obtaining and disseminating the information to the PIC before a flight. This information is specific to obtaining hazardous weather.

2.14 CFR Part 121.603: Facilities and services: Supplemental operations

The PIC is responsible for obtaining, during the
preflight or en route, all available current weather reports or meteorological conditions that may affect the safety of flight.

3.14 CFR Part91.103 Preflight action

The PIC is responsible with becoming familiar with all available information prior to flight which will include:

Weather reports and forecast
Fuel requirements
Contingencies
NOTAMS
ATC delays

There is no specific language located in part91, 125, and 135 specifically requiring operators to access hazardous weather information prior to flight.However, theseregulationsimplythe need to access hazardous weather information for all Federal Aviation Regulation parts.

4.14 CFR Part135.213 Weather reports and forecasts.

The operator must use either:

NWS
A source approved by the NWS
A source approved by the Administrator

SL-7-FPP /

 / Question: For operations outside the 48 contiguous states and Washington D.C. area, where will you find approved weather sources?
Answer: In each States’ AIP. You’ll find Met office information including phone numbers. / Capture responses on white board/flip chart.

C.Volcanic Ash Avoidance

SL-8-FPP

 / / 4/2/2013
Select the link on the slide to play the video from the web site. The video runs for about 25minutes.

D.Volcanic Ash Information

SL-9-FPP
 / / There is also an international volcano ash task force seeking to refine a volcano ash contingency plan on a global basis.
Ensure that you show student in the hyperlink how volcano ash can effect a jet engine (for the exercise).

 / Although an operator may have the performance capability to fly above a volcanic ash plume, contingencies must be evaluated in the event of engine failure or decompression that will avoid descending into an area of volcanic ash. / Click on the link on the slide to view the Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan document- (ICAO Doc 019).
Eurocontrol, based in Brussels, maintains the Skybrary web site for aviation information. /
Go to the weather category to view what’s available.
(Link on slide)
Open weather tab for volcanic ash guidance.
Point out the area of web site that has volcanic ash.
 / Practice Exercise follows.
Ask participants to turn to the back of this lesson and pull out PE-01-FPP and H0-02-FPP.
SL-10-FPP / / Duration: 30 minutes(20 minutes to complete the exercise and 10 minutes to debrief).
 / Practice Exercise – En Route Procedures: PE-01-FPP / PE-01-FPP
HO-02-FPP
 / Purpose:This exercise requires participants to answer some questions based on a scenario.
Directions:Answer the following questions based on the scenario provided below and Handout H0-02-FPP – Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan (EUR DOC 019).
Debrief:Instructor will solicit responses from participants. / Participants can work in pairs (optional).
Flight Planning
You are riding in the jumpseat of a part 121 DC-8-70, conducting an enroute inspection for a proving flight in NAT MNPS airspace from Bangor, Maine (KBGR)to East Midlands airport in the UK (EGNX).
Your flight is eastbound at FL360 on NAT X nearing 55N040W at M082. It is about 3:00 A.M. The winds aloft are light at this altitude, coming mostly from the north. You and the crew notice the following:
PE-01-FPP /

A smoky or acrid odor that smells like electrical smoke, burned dust, or sulfur.
A haze developing within the airplane and dust settling on surfaces.
Engine temperatures change unexpectedly; the flight engineer goes back in the cabin to look out the window at the engines. Anorange glow appears at the engine inlet.
Airspeed fluctuating erratically;
blue-colored sparks appear to flow up the outside of the windshield.

What phenomenon is likely occurring?

Answer: The flight has probably penetrated an ash cloud possibly coming from one of the volcanoes in Iceland.
 /

What actions do you think the crew should take?

Answer: First, the flight is in a true emergency situation, and the PIC will need to exercise his/her emergency authority.

Reduce thrust to idle immediately. Idle thrust allows engines to continue producing electrical power, bleed air for pressurization, and hydraulic power for airplane control.
Turn the autothrottles off. This prevents the engines from increasing thrust above idle.

/ NOTE: All are possible answers. We want the students to be thinking.

Exit the ash cloud as quickly as possible. A 180-deg turn out of the ash cloud using a descending turn is the quickest exit strategy. Bearing mind ICAO NAT DOC 007 contingency procedures for departing the track.
Turn on engine and wing anti-ice devices and all air-conditioning packs. These actions improve the engine stall margins by increasing the flow of bleed air.
If possible, start the auxiliary power unit (APU). The APU can power systems in the event of a multiple-engine power loss.

/ ICAO EUR Doc 019-In appendix A.

If volcanic dust fills the flight deck, the crew may need to use oxygen. Use flight deck oxygen at the 100 percent setting.
Turn on the continuous ignition.
Confirm that autostart is on, if available.
If an engine fails to start, try restarting it again immediately.

Flightcrews should remember that the airplane may be out of the airstart envelope if the encounter occurs during cruise.
Monitor engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Because of potential engine debris buildup, the EGT can climb excessively.
Fly the airplane by monitoring airspeed and pitch attitude. If necessary, follow the procedure for flight with unreliable airspeed.

III.Summary

A.Review

SL-11-FPP /
Let’s review the major topics we covered in this lesson.

Preflight planning strategies for mitigating contingencies
Regulations for hazardous weather conditions
How volcanic ash affects a jet engine
Volcanic ash information

B.Objectives

SL-12-FPP /
Participants should now be able to:

Identify preflight planning strategies for contingencies
Identify applicable regulations for hazardous weather conditions for each part
Identify volcanic ash avoidance guidance
Identify the web sites where operators can find volcanic ash alerts

C.Preview

The next lesson will focus on weather information.

21000088 – Oceanic and International OperationsLesson Plan

Page 1 of 20

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY