A&P II 2017 Final Exam B
1) The urinary system does all of the following except
A) excreting excess albumin molecules.
B) regulating blood volume.
C) contributing to stabilizing blood pH.
D) eliminating organic waste products.
E) regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 26-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
2) Urine is eliminated through the
A) liver.
B) urinary bladder.
C) kidney.
D) ureter.
E) urethra.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 26-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
3) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
A) blood vessels.
B) lymphatics.
C) the ureters.
D) the urethra.
E) the calyces.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 26-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
4) All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are
A) located in a position that is retroperitoneal.
B) surrounded by a fibrous capsule.
C) located partly within the pelvic cavity.
D) held in place by the renal fascia.
E) covered by peritoneum.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
5) The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
A) calyx.
B) pelvis.
C) ureter.
D) hilum.
E) pyramid.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
6) The condition called ______is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can become twisted or kinked during movement.
A) polycystic kidney disease
B) floating kidney
C) pyelonephritis
D) renal calculi
E) renal failure
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
7) The ______delivers urine to a minor calyx.
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle)
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) papillary duct
D) renal corpuscle
E) ureter
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
8) Identify the structure labeled "9."
A) renal sinus
B) fibrous capsule
C) renal pyramid
D) renal papilla
E) renal column
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
9) Identify the structure labeled "3."
A) renal sinus
B) fibrous capsule
C) renal pyramid
D) renal papilla
E) renal column
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
10) The renal threshold for glucose is approximately ______mg/dl.
A) 75
B) 90
C) 100
D) 140
E) 180
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 26-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
11) Measurement of the functions of a nephron reveals a glomerular capillary pressure of 69 mm Hg, and a pressure in the capsular space of 15 mm Hg. Assuming that the colloid osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net filtration pressure in this case?
A) 30 mm Hg
B) 24 mm Hg
C) 69 mm Hg
D) 84 mm Hg
E) 99 mm Hg
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 26-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
12) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by
A) blood pressure.
B) presence of albumin proteins in blood plasma.
C) constriction of the efferent arteriole.
D) protein in the filtrate.
E) filtrate in the capsular space.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 26-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
13) The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the
A) proximal convoluted tubule.
B) distal convoluted tubule.
C) collecting duct.
D) nephron loop (loop of Henle).
E) loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
14) Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of
A) diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) cotransport.
E) countertransport.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
15) The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is almost impermeable to water, but reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the filtrate.
A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true most of the time.
D) Both statements are false.
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
16) When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
A) a concentrated urine is produced.
B) less urine is produced.
C) theosmolarity of the urine decreases.
D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases.
E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
17) Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5 and 6
E) 4, 5, and 6
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
18) Where would penicillin be secreted?
A) 6
B) 5
C) 4
D) 3
E) 3 and 4
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
19) Where does secretion mostly occur?
A) 5
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) 2
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 26-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
20) The reproductive system
A) produces gametes.
B) stores gametes.
C) transports gametes.
D) nourishes gametes.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 28-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
21) The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the
A) ductus deferens.
B) rete testis.
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).
D) epididymis.
E) prostate gland.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
22) Interstitial cells produce
A) sperm.
B) inhibin.
C) nutrients.
D) testosterone.
E) androgen-binding protein.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
23) When spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called
A) spermatogonia.
B) spermatocytes.
C) spermatids.
D) spermatozoa.
E) Sertoli cells.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
24) The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called
A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatids.
E) spermatozoa.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
25) The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) maturation.
D) capacitation.
E) fertilization.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
26) The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is
A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) ACTH.
D) ADH.
E) GH.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
27) In a mature human spermatozoan, the
A) acrosome is next to the flagellum.
B) midpiece contains the chromosomes.
C) tail contains the mitochondria.
D) head contains 23 chromosomes.
E) head is diploid.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
28) Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except
A) production of spermatozoa.
B) meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility.
C) propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract.
D) producing buffers.
E) activating the spermatozoa.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
29) The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the
A) uterosacral ligament.
B) vagina.
C) uterine (Fallopian) tube.
D) infundibulum.
E) myometrium.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
30) Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false?
A) Oogenesis begins before birth.
B) Ova develop from stem cells called oogonia.
C) An ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized.
D) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.
E) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
31) After ovulation, the ovary secretes
A) luteinizing hormone.
B) estrogen.
C) progesterone.
D) both estrogen and progesterone.
E) luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
32) Which of the following is not an action of estrogen?
A) stimulates bone growth
B) maintains female secondary sex characteristics
C) mimics the symptoms of menopause
D) maintains accessory reproductive organs
E) initiates repair of the endometrium
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
33) A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in
A) follicle-stimulating hormone.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) estrogen.
D) progesterone.
E) oxytocin.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
34) The segment of the uterine tube where fertilization commonly occurs is the
A) ampulla.
B) fimbriae.
C) infundibulum.
D) posterior.
E) outer one-third of the tube.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
35) A person suffering from ______can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close.
A) myopia
B) hyperopia
C) emmetropia
D) presbyopia
E) diplopia
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 17-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
36) Photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light are
A) rods.
B) cones.
C) amacrine cells.
D) horizontal cells.
E) bipolar cells.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 17-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
37) ______deafness results from conditions in the outer or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the environment to the tympanic membrane or to the oval window.
A) Sensory
B) Nerve
C) Conductive
D) Mechanical
E) Macular
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 17-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
38) Endocrine cells
A) are a type of nerve cell.
B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
D) contain few vesicles.
E) are modified connective-tissue cells.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 18-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
39) Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
A) catecholamines
B) peptide hormones
C) eicosanoids
D) thyroid
E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 18-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
40) The primary function of ADH is to
A) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys.
B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
C) decrease blood pressure.
D) increase digestive absorption.
E) delay urination.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 18-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
41) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars
A) tuberalis.
B) nervosa.
C) pinea.
D) intermedia.
E) magnus.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 18-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
42) The thyroid gland is composed of many ______that produce and store thyroid hormone.
A) tubules
B) follicles
C) ducts
D) capillaries
E) plexuses
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 18-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
43) The inner portion of the suprarenal gland is the
A) cortex.
B) interstitial tissue.
C) medulla.
D) stroma.
E) capsule.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 18-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
44) Proteins in the blood for defense are called
A) hemosiderins.
B) fibrinogens.
C) albumin.
D) ferritins.
E) immunoglobulins.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
45) After blood is fractionated,
A) antibody and antigen can be added together to look for a reaction.
B) it can be transfused immediately into the recipient.
C) its components are separated for the purpose of analysis.
D) the percentage of each type of white blood cell can be determined.
E) specimens can be sent to the labs for identification of bacteria, viruses, etc.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
46) ______is responsible for the RBC's ability to transport oxygen and CO2.
A) Hemoglobin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Transferrin
E) Ferritin
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
47) Type A blood has ______antibodies in the blood plasma.
A) anti-A
B) anti-D
C) anti-B
D) anti-Rh
E) anti-O
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
48) A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a
A) neutrophil.
B) lymphocyte.
C) monocyte.
D) basophil.
E) eosinophil.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 19-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
49) The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
A) apex.
B) hilum.
C) base.
D) septum.
E) mediastinum.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 20-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
50) The structures responsible for distributing excitation to the contractile cells are
A) contractile cells.
B) conducting cells.
C) intercalated cells.
D) pacemaker cells.
E) intermodal cells.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 20-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
51) Which event occurs during ventricular systole?
A) closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves
B) closing of the semilunar valves
C) the second heart sound
D) release of an action potential from the sinoatrial node
E) expansion of the ventricles
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 20-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
52) The principle that increasing the end-diastolic volume results in a corresponding increase in the stroke volume is known as
A) afterload.
B) cardiac capacity.
C) cardiac reserve.
D) Starling's law of the heart.
E) expandibility.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 20-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
53) Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except
A) decreasing ejection fraction.
B) decreasing end systolic volume.
C) increasing stroke volume.
D) increasing ejection fraction.
E) increasing heart rate.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 20-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
54) The process of decrease in vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called
A) vasodilation.
B) vasomotion.
C) vasoconstriction.
D) vasopressin.
E) vasodecrease.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 21-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
55) The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called
A) autoregulation.
B) hormonal regulation.
C) hemoregulation.
D) vasoregulation.
E) neuroregulation.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 21-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
56) When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output,
A) heart rate increases.
B) heart rate decreases.
C) stroke volume increases.
D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 21-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
57) Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest?
A) Cardiac output is higher.
B) Heart blood flow is higher.
C) Skin blood flow is lower.
D) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower.
E) Kidney blood flow is lower.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 21-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
58) The right pulmonary veins carry ______blood to the ______.
A) deoxygenated; left atrium
B) oxygenated; right lung
C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava
D) deoxygenated; right atrium
E) oxygenated; left atrium
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 21-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
59) The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica
A) adventitia.
B) media.
C) intima.
D) externa.
E) mater.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 21-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
60) The respiratory mucosa consists of
A) epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue.
B) dense irregular connective and adipose tissue.
C) ciliated stratified squamous and columnar cells.
D) fibrocartilage and mucous cells.
E) dense regular connective and areolar tissue.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 23-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
61) Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in
A) epistaxis.
B) nasal congestion.
C) nosebleeds.
D) a deviated septum.
E) epistaxis or nosebleeds.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 23-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
62) When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that
A) they are equal.
B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 23-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
63) What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg?
A) hyperventilation
B) exhalation
C) pause in breathing
D) apnea
E) inhalation
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 23-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
64) Henry's law states that
A) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.
B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.
C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.
D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 23-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
65) Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in
A) mastication.
B) moving the tongue.
C) swallowing.
D) esophageal peristalsis.
E) opening the cardiac sphincter.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 24-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
66) Chief cells secrete
A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) intrinsic factor.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 24-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
67) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is
A) enteropeptidase.
B) secretin.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) GIP.
E) gastrin.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 24-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
68) The basic functional units of the liver are the
A) hepatocytes.
B) Kupffer cells.
C) lobules.
D) portal areas.
E) bilecanaliculi.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 24-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
69) In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid
A) rich in enzymes.
B) rich in bicarbonate.
C) rich in bile.
D) rich in mucus.
E) that contains only amylase.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 24-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
70) The term "alkaline tide" implies that the pH of the blood in gastric veins is
A) greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.
B) greater following a 24-hour fast than during digestion of a large meal.
C) constant because of buffering.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 24-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Xtra Credit (1 point each)
1) You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a very severe autoimmune disorder with a wide variety of associated organ-related problems. Your doctor is particularly worried about how this will affect your kidney function. He says that you are susceptible to ______because of the lupus.
A) polycystic kidney
B) glomerulonephritis
C) cystitis
D) diabetes
E) renal calculi
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 26-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
2) A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will
A) not develop secondary sex characteristics.
B) be sterile.
C) be impotent.
D) have impaired function of the interstitial cells.
E) produce large amounts of inhibin.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 28-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
3) A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ______of the uterine cycle.
A) the proliferative phase
B) menses
C) the secretory phase
D) menarche
E) menopause
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 28-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
4) A young child has been diagnosed with a recessive hereditary disease that results in destruction of the geniculate nucleus. The result of this would be
A) inability to change the focus with your lens.
B) excessive light bouncing around within the posterior portion of the eyeball.
C) total blindness.
D) no production of rhodopsin.
E) partial loss of vision.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 17-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
5) Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is
A) autoimmune disease.
B) aplastic anemia.
C) drug resistance.
D) thrombocytopenia.
E) erythroblastosis.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application