Name:

Topic 2.1 – 2.5

Molecular Biology

Textbook pages 53-87

Define the following keyterms:

  1. organic
  2. metabolism
  3. hydrogen bond
  4. cohesion
  5. adhesion
  6. condensation reaction
  7. hydrolysis
  8. amino acid
  9. nucleotide
  10. hydrophobic
  11. hydrophilic
  12. monosaccharide
  13. disaccharide
  14. polysaccharide
  15. peptide bond
  16. primary structure
  17. secondary structure
  18. tertiary structure
  19. quaternary structure
  20. proteome
  21. substrate
  22. active site
  23. kinetic energy
  24. denaturation

Questions:

  1. List the four organic compounds life is based on and the elements found in each.
  2. How many and what kind of bond can carbon form?
  3. Describe the role of anabolism and catabolism in the formation and breakdown of complex molecules.
  4. Explain how the artificial production of urea helped to falsify vitalism.
  5. Draw the ring form of D-ribose.
  6. Draw the ring form of alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose.
  7. Draw a saturated fatty acid.
  8. Draw and label the parts of an amino acid.
  9. Name the monomer of nucleic acids and its 3 parts.
  10. State what a triglyceride is composed of and what type of compounds they make up.
  11. Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
  12. State the reason for the polarity of water molecules.
  13. Outline the following properties of water:
  14. Cohesive:
  15. Adhesive:
  16. Thermal:
  17. Solvent:
  18. Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its use in living organisms to regulate temperature.
  19. State the mode of transport and solubility of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride in blood.
  20. List the examples given for monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
  21. Distinguish between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  22. Compare the cis and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids.
  23. State the function glycogen in animals and of starch and cellulose in plants.
  24. Distinguish between the structure of glycogen, starch and cellulose.
  25. Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.
  26. Describe two ways you could determine an individual’s body mass index (BMI).
  27. State the number of amino acids synthesized by ribosomes and why there can be so many different polypeptides.
  28. Draw two amino acids linked together by a peptide bond.
  29. Explain the four levels of protein structure including the types of bonds that form at each level.
  30. Outline the difference between fibrous and globular proteins, with reference to two examples of each protein type.
  31. To illustrate the range of protein function, state the function of:
  32. Rubisco:
  33. Insulin:
  34. Immunoglobulins:
  35. Rhodopsin:
  36. Collagen:
  37. Spider silk:
  38. Describe the induced-fit model.
  39. Explain how kinetic energy and collisions are involved in chemical reactions.
  40. How do enzymes lower activation energy to enable intracellular chemical reactions?
  41. Draw and annotate graphs showing the effect of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
  42. Explain the production of lactose-free milk and its advantages.