Chapter 15 Key Terms: Medieval Conflicts and Crusades

  1. Clergy: group of people who give their lives to serve the Church as priests, monks, and high church officials
  2. Pope Leo III: crowned Charlemagne as emperor, which gave much power to the church in the West
  3. coronation: crowning ceremony of a king
  4. Pope Gregory VII: declared supreme authority over the Church and nonchurch leaders
  5. secular: not of the church
  6. Henry IV: King who was involved in a bitter power struggle with the pope. He was excommunicated, but later removed the pope
  7. excommunicate: to exclude a person from a church or a religious community
  8. William the Conqueror: 1066, King who conquered England and introduced a strong feudal system
  9. King John: 1199, king of England who claimed so much power that nobles forced him to sign the Magna Carta, limiting his power
  10. Magna Carta: “Great Charter,” document that made the king obey the law and protected the rights of the people
  11. Common Law: group of laws created by customs and judges’ decisions, instead of laws passed by a law-making group
  12. Habeas corpus: a court order that brings an arrested person before a judge or court
  13. parliament: an assembly of representatives who make laws
  14. pilgrim: a religious person who travels to a holy place or shrine
  15. crusade: a Christian religious war
  16. expel: to force someone to leave a place
  17. heresy: a belief that is rejected by official Church doctrine
  18. Inquisition: a Church court designed to investigate and judge heretics
  19. Reconquista: “reconquest,” the movement to drive Muslims from Spain
  20. Ferdinand and Isabella: king and queen who united Spain under the Catholic church, drove out the Muslims and Jews, and sponsored Christopher Columbus

Chapter 15 Key Terms: Medieval Conflicts and Crusades

  1. Clergy: group of people who give their lives to serve the Church as priests, monks, and high church officials
/
  1. Pope Leo III: crowned Charlemagne as emperor, which gave much power to the church in the West
/
  1. coronation: crowning ceremony of a king
/
  1. Pope Gregory VII: declared supreme authority over the Church and non-church leaders
/
  1. secular: not of the church
/
  1. Henry IV: King who was involved in a bitter power struggle with the pope. He was excommunicated, but later removed the pope
/
  1. excommunicate: to exclude a person from a church or a religious community
/
  1. William the Conqueror: 1066, King who conquered England and introduced a strong feudal system
/
  1. King John: 1199, king of England who claimed so much power that nobles forced him to sign the Magna Carta, limiting his power
/
  1. Magna Carta: “Great Charter,” document that made the king obey the law and protected the rights of the people
/
  1. Common Law: group of laws created by customs and judges’ decisions, instead of laws passed by a law-making group
/
  1. Habeas corpus: a court order that brings an arrested person before a judge or court
/
  1. parliament: an assembly of representatives who make laws
/
  1. pilgrim: a religious person who travels to a holy place or shrine
/
  1. crusade: a Christian religious war
/
  1. expel: to force someone to leave a place
/
  1. heresy: a belief that is rejected by official Church doctrine
/
  1. Inquisition: a Church court designed to investigate and judge heretics
/
  1. Reconquista: “reconquest,” the movement to drive Muslims from Spain
/
  1. Ferdinand and Isabella: king and queen who united Spain under the Catholic church, expelled the Muslims and Jews, and sponsored Christopher Columbus
/