Biology QUIZ: 13-2 and 13-3
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Figure 13-1
____1.What does Figure 13-1 show?
a. / gel electrophoresisb. / DNA sequencing
c. / a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
d. / polymerase chain reaction
____2.In Figure 13-1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
a. / adenine and thymineb. / cytosine and guanine
c. / thymine and cytosine
d. / adenine and guanine
____3.One function of gel electrophoresis is to
a. / separate DNA fragments.b. / cut DNA.
c. / recombine DNA.
d. / extract DNA.
____4.The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
a. / selective breeding.b. / genetic engineering.
c. / inbreeding.
d. / hybridization.
____5.A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a. / a mutant.b. / a hybrid.
c. / a polyploid.
d. / recombinant DNA.
____6.Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to
a. / identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms.b. / determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive.
c. / compare the phenotypes of different organisms.
d. / cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
____7.On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than is band A. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / Band B is more negatively charged than band A.b. / Band B moved faster than band A.
c. / Band A is smaller than band B.
d. / Band B consists of larger DNA fragments than does band A.
____8.Genetic engineering involves
a. / reading a DNA sequence.b. / editing a DNA sequence.
c. / reinserting DNA into living organisms.
d. / all of the above
____9.Which of the following are NOT used to read DNA sequences?
a. / nucleotidesb. / gels
c. / fluorescent dyes
d. / double-stranded DNA molecules
____10.Suppose a restriction enzyme recognizes the six-base sequence
AAGCTTTTCGAA
in a double strand of DNA. Between which two nucleotides on each strand would the enzyme have to cut to produce a fragment with sticky ends that are four bases long?
a. / GCb. / CT
c. / AA
d. / AG
____11.If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel electrophoresis, the samples contained
a. / the same amount of DNA.b. / fragments of the same size.
c. / the same DNA molecules.
d. / all of the above
____12.During transformation,
a. / a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.b. / a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
c. / foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
d. / a cell is mutated.
____13.A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by
a. / inducing mutations.b. / injecting itself into the cell.
c. / transformation.
d. / recombining with the cell.
____14.Which of the following includes all the others?
a. / plasmidb. / transformed bacterium
c. / foreign gene
d. / recombinant DNA
____15.Which of the following steps is NOT essential in producing recombinant DNA?
a. / Cut out a piece of DNA from a DNA molecule.b. / Splice a piece of DNA into DNA from another organism.
c. / Use a restriction enzyme to form sticky ends in DNA.
d. / Read the DNA sequence of the piece of DNA to be cut and spliced.
____16.A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid (and the foreign DNA) from those that don’t is called a(an)
a. / resistance gene.b. / antibiotic.
c. / genetic marker.
d. / clone.
____17.Which of the following is often used as a genetic marker?
a. / a foreign geneb. / a gene for antibiotic resistance
c. / a DNA sequence that serves as a bacterial origin of replication
d. / a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent dye
____18.The transformation of a plant cell is successful if
a. / the plasmid that entered the cell reproduces inside the cell.b. / the foreign DNA is integrated into one of the cell’s chromosomes.
c. / the cell reproduces.
d. / a plasmid has entered the cell.
____19.Which of the following is an example of successful transformation?
a. / injection of bacterial DNA into plant cellsb. / a defective gene in a cell being replaced with a normal gene
c. / bacterial cells taking in plasmids that have a genetic marker
d. / none of the above
____20.Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. / Those bacteria that contain the plasmid will survive.b. / The penicillin will kill the bacteria that were transformed.
c. / The gene for antibiotic resistance is expressed in the bacteria that survive.
d. / Those bacteria that are successfully transformed will survive.
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Mark “A” for true or “B” for false on the Scantron answer sheet.
____21.During DNA sequencing, if all the bands on an electrophoresis gel are the same color, the single-stranded DNA sample consisted of one kind of fragment.
____22.To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA into an adult plant.
____23.To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut with adifferent restriction enzyme.
____24.Scientists use genetic markers to determine which animal cells have been successfully transformed.
____25.Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline will not survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.
Completion
Complete each statement using the word bank below. All of the words are not used.
a. genese. genetic markerad. transformation
b. bacteriaab. plasmidae. fragment
c. sizeac. antibioticsbc. DNA replication
d. colors
26.The sequence of a DNA fragment can be determined by observing the ______of fluorescent bands on an electrophoresis gel.
27.A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all the fragments are the same ______.
28.The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the process of ______, which occurs in cells.
29.Plasmids are naturally found in some ______.
30.Some plasmids have genetic markers that make them resistant to ______.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 13-2
31.Interpreting Graphics In Figure 13-2, what do the bands shown in B consist of?
a. bands consist of a group of musicians
b. bands consist of DNA fragments
c. bands consist of plasmids
d. bands consist of RNA fragments
32.Interpreting Graphics Which group of bands in Figure 13-2 moved faster?
a. Ab. Bc. Cd. D
33.Inferring What is occurring in A in Figure 13-2?
a. The restriction enzyme is putting the DNA fragments together.
b. The restriction enzyme is used as a genetic marker.
c. The restriction enzyme is cutting the DNA into fragments.
d. Cannot tell what is happening in A
34.Inferring In Figure 13-2, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive end of the gel?
a. The bands consist of DNA, which is negatively charged.
b. The bands consist of DNA, which is positively charged.
c. The bands consist of RNA, which is negatively charged.
d. The bands consist of RNA, which is positively charged.
35.Drawing Conclusions In Figure 13-2, were the three DNA samples shown in A identical?
a. yesb. noc. cannot tell
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 13-3
36.Interpreting Graphics What process is being illustrated in Figure 13-3?
a. restriction
b. transformation
c. replication
d. protein synthesis
37.Interpreting Graphics In Figure 13-3, during which numbered step(s) are bacteria reproducing?
a. 4b. 5c. 6d. 7
38.Interpreting Graphics During which numbered steps(s) in Figure 13-3 is a restriction enzyme used?
a. between steps 2 and 3
b. between steps 3 and 4
c. between steps 4 and 5
d. between steps 5 and 6
39.Inferring How might the bacterial cell produced in step 6 be useful?
a. The bacterial cell produced in step 6 contains the gene for human growth hormone.
b. As the bacterial cell replicates, it produces human growth hormone.
c. Other hormones can be produced like human insulin.
d. all of the above
40.Interpreting Graphics In Figure 13-3, which numbered step produces a recombinant plasmid?
a. 4b. 5c. 6d. 7
Biology Quiz: 14-1 and 14-2
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a. / 2b. / 23
c. / 44
d. / 46
____2.Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
a. / homologous chromosomesb. / sex chromosomes
c. / autosomes
d. / all of the above
____3.Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
a. / a change in a DNA baseb. / an extra chromosome
c. / genes
d. / alleles
____4.In humans, a male has
a. / one X chromosome only.b. / two X chromosomes.
c. / one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
d. / two Y chromosomes.
____5.Human females produce egg cells that have
a. / one X chromosome.b. / two X chromosomes.
c. / one X or one Y chromosome.
d. / one X and one Y chromosome.
____6.What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
a. / 10%b. / 25%
c. / 50%
d. / 75%
____7.What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
a. / 0%b. / 25%
c. / 50%
d. / 100%
____8.A human female inherits
a. / one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.b. / twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits.
c. / one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome.
d. / all of the same genes that a human male inherits.
____9.In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
a. / male.b. / female.
c. / child.
d. / adult.
____10.A pedigree CANNOT be used to
a. / determine whether a trait is inherited.b. / show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c. / determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
d. / none of the above
____11.Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?
a. / All of the symbols are unshaded.b. / All of the symbols are shaded.
c. / All of the symbols are half-shaded.
d. / About half of the symbols are circles.
____12.Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?
a. / Huntington’s diseaseb. / PKU
c. / Tay-Sachs disease
d. / none of the above
____13.Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?
a. / Rh blood groupb. / ABO blood group
c. / PKU
d. / Huntington’s disease
____14.A person who has PKU
a. / inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent.b. / inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents.
c. / is heterozygous for the trait.
d. / will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her offspring.
____15.Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?
a. / IAIA and IAIBb. / IBIB and IBi
c. / IBIB and IAIB
d. / IBi and ii
____16.If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring’s blood type?
a. / AB or Ob. / A, B, or O
c. / A, B, AB, or O
d. / AB only
____17.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. / A person with Huntington’s disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or her offspring.b. / A person with Huntington’s disease might be homozygous for the disease.
c. / Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele.
d. / A person who inherits one allele for Huntington’s disease will develop the disease.
____18.Sickle cell disease is caused by a
a. / change in one DNA base.b. / change in the size of a chromosome.
c. / change in two genes.
d. / change in the number of chromosomes in a cell.
____19.In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to
a. / become less soluble.b. / fold improperly.
c. / destroy the cell membrane.
d. / transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions.
____20.Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
a. / is longer.b. / is shorter.
c. / has a different sequence of amino acids.
d. / is wider.
____21.Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?
a. / missing codon in mRNAb. / shorter CFTR polypeptide chain
c. / point mutation
d. / absence of CFTR in cell membrane
____22.People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because
a. / they are resistant to malaria.b. / they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
c. / their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.
d. / they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin.
____23.The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that
a. / some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins.b. / all of the DNA of chromosomes codes for proteins.
c. / different chromosomes have the same number of genes.
d. / different chromosomes contain the same number of DNA bases.
____24.Alleles found on the same chromosomes
a. / are dominant.b. / are never separated by recombination.
c. / are linked.
d. / contain repetitive DNA.
____25.The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable sites
a. / that contain genes.b. / where rearrangements occur.
c. / that cause genetic disorders.
d. / that do not allow crossing-over to occur.
____26.Many sex-linked genes are located on
a. / the autosomes.b. / the X chromosome only.
c. / the Y chromosome only.
d. / both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
____27.Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a. / fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only.b. / the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c. / the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d. / males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
____28.Which of the following statements is true?
a. / Females cannot have hemophilia.b. / The father of a colorblind boy may be colorblind.
c. / A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant.
d. / The mother of a colorblind boy must be colorblind.
____29.Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
a. / the Y chromosome in a male cellb. / the X chromosome in a male cell
c. / one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
d. / both of the X chromosomes in a female cell
____30.The formation of a Barr body
a. / causes the genes on one of the X chromosomes in a female cell to be switched off.b. / always causes the same X chromosome in a female’s cells to be switched off.
c. / switches on the Y chromosome in a male cell.
d. / none of the above
____31.A cat that has spots of only one color
a. / has no Barr bodies.b. / must be a male.
c. / must be a female.
d. / may be a male or a female.
____32.The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
a. / nondisjunction.b. / X-chromosome inactivation.
c. / Turner’s syndrome.
d. / Down syndrome.
____33.Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
a. / with one X chromosome.b. / with three X chromosomes.
c. / without an X chromosome.
d. / with four X chromosomes.
____34.If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a. / only two gametes may form instead of four.b. / some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
c. / the chromatids do not separate.
d. / it occurs during prophase.
____35.Nondisjunction can involve
a. / autosomes.b. / sex chromosomes.
c. / homologous chromosomes.
d. / all of the above
Chapter 13 QUEST (13-1, 13-2, 13-3)
DO NOT WRITE ON THE QUEST FORM. MARK ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS ON THE SCANTRON SHEET.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Darken the letter on the Scantron sheet.
____1.Which of the following have been produced by selective breeding?
a. / horse breedsb. / cat breeds
c. / dog breeds
d. / all of the above
____2.Selective breeding produces
a. / more offspring.b. / fewer offspring.
c. / desired traits in offspring.
d. / transgenic organisms.
____3.Which of the following is NOT an example of selective breeding?
a. / allowing only the best milk-producing cows to reproduceb. / crossing disease-resistant plants with plants that produce high food yields
c. / mating cats that have long hair with cats that have long tails
d. / allowing dogs to mate only once a year
____4.Which of the following is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect?
a. / inbreedingb. / hybridization
c. / genetic engineering
d. / transformation
____5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. / Inbreeding and hybridization are opposite processes.b. / A hybrid plant has all the characteristics of both its parents.
c. / Inbreeding can produce an offspring that has a defect that neither parent shows.
d. / Hybridization is used to produce new varieties of plants and animals.
____6.Mutations are useful in selective breeding because they
a. / help maintain the desired characteristics of animal breeds.b. / are usually found in hybrids.
c. / are usually beneficial.
d. / can be used to enhance the process of hybridization.
Figure 13-1
____7.What does Figure 13-1 show?
a. / gel electrophoresisb. / DNA sequencing
c. / a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
d. / polymerase chain reaction
____8.In Figure 13-1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
a. / adenine and thymineb. / cytosine and guanine
c. / thymine and cytosine
d. / adenine and guanine
____9.One function of gel electrophoresis is to
a. / separate DNA fragments.b. / cut DNA.
c. / recombine DNA.
d. / extract DNA.
____10.The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
a. / selective breeding.b. / genetic engineering.
c. / inbreeding.
d. / hybridization.
____11.A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a. / a mutant.b. / a hybrid.
c. / a polyploid.
d. / recombinant DNA.
____12.Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to
a. / reproduce the organism.b. / mutate the DNA.
c. / study specific genes.
d. / cut the DNA.
____13.Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to
a. / identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms.b. / determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive.
c. / compare the phenotypes of different organisms.
d. / cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
____14.On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than is band A. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / Band B is more negatively charged than band A.b. / Band B moved faster than band A.
c. / Band A is smaller than band B.
d. / Band B consists of larger DNA fragments than does band A.
____15.Genetic engineering involves
a. / reading a DNA sequence.b. / editing a DNA sequence.
c. / reinserting DNA into living organisms.
d. / all of the above
____16.Suppose a restriction enzyme recognizes the six-base sequence
AAGCTTTTCGAA
in a double strand of DNA. Between which two nucleotides on each strand would the enzyme have to cut to produce a fragment with sticky ends that are four bases long?
a. / GCb. / CT
c. / AA
d. / AG
____17.If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel electrophoresis, the samples contained
a. / the same amount of DNA.b. / fragments of the same size.
c. / the same DNA molecules.
d. / all of the above
____18.During transformation,
a. / a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.b. / a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
c. / foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
d. / a cell is mutated.
____19.Scientists can transform plant cells by
a. / using the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.b. / removing the plant cell walls and then mixing the cells with DNA.
c. / injecting DNA into the plant cells.
d. / all of the above
____20.A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by