Publication (year) / Study design / Exposure or variable analysed / Outcome / Main finding
Uitterlinden etal.S46 (1997) / Population-based cohort study; 846 individuals with OA / DNA polymorphisms / OA Kellgren score / One VDR haplotype over-represented in OA osteophytes
Lane etal.S47 (1999) / Prospective cohort study; 237 individuals / Baseline serum 25(OH)D level / Incident radiographic hip OA / Low serum 25(OH)D associated with increased JSN
Huang etal.S48 (2000) / Cross-sectional study; 270 female patients with OA / DNA polymorphisms / Radiographic OA / No association between VDR polymorphisms and OA at hand, hip or knee
Videman etal.S49 (2001) / Retrospective cohort study in 142 men with OA / DNA polymorphism (Taq1 in VDR) / MRI-detected OA of the lumbar spine / Prevalence of disc bulges and osteophytes lower for tt genotype than TT genotype
Solovieva etal.S50 (2006) / Cross-sectional study in 295 dentists and 248 teachers / Apa1 and Taq1 polymorphism at VDR / Radiographic hand OA / Carriers of the t allele or At haplotype reduced odds hand OA compared with carriers of the T allele or non-At haplotype
Felson etal.S51 (2007) / 2 prospective cohort studies; 715 (Framingham) and 277 (Boston) individuals with OA / Baseline serum 25(OH)D level / Progression of radiographic knee OA over 9years / No association between 25(OH)D and OA progression
Ding etal.S52 (2009) / Prospective/cross-sectional cohort study; 880 patients with OA at baseline, 353 of whom were studied again 2.9years later / Baseline serum 25(OH)D level / MRI–detected and radiographic knee OA / Continuous inverse association between baseline 25(OH)D level and cartilage volume and loss
Bergink etal.S53 (2009) / Prospective cohort study; 728 women and 520 men with OA / Baseline dietary vitamin D intake / Radiographic knee OA at baseline and 6.5year follow-up / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and progression of knee OA
Chaganti etal.S54 (2010) / Prospective cohort study; 1,104 elderly men with OA / Baseline serum 25(OH)D level / Radiographic hip OA / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and hip OA
Muraki etal.S55 (2011) / Cross-sectional study; 787 individuals with knee pain and radiographic OA / Polymorphism in VDR and serum 25(OH)D level / Knee pain and radiographic OA / Weak inverse association between 25(OH)D level and knee pain
arcOGEN consortiumS56 (2012) / Case–control study; 7,410 patients with severe OA and 11,009 control individuals from the UK.
Replication study in 7,473 cases and 42,938 controls from Europe / Genome-wide association study / Severe OA / 5 loci vitaminD-associated related to OA identified
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; JSN, joint-space narrowing; OA, osteoarthritis.
S46. Uitterlinden, A.G. etal. Vitamin D receptor genotype is associated with radiographic osteoarthritis at the knee. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 259–263 (1997).
S47. Lane, N.E. etal. Serum vitamin D levels and incident changes of radiographic hip osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arthritis Rheum. 42, 854–860 (1999).
S48. Huang, J., Ushiyama, T., Inoue, K., Kawasaki, T. & Hukuda, S. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee: a case–control study in Japan. Rheumatology (Oxford) 39, 79–84 (2000).
S49. Videman, T. etal. The relative roles of intragenic polymorphisms of the vitamin d receptor gene in lumbar spine degeneration and bone density. Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976) 26, E7–E12 (2001).
S50. Solovieva, S. etal. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of hand osteoarthritis in Finnish women. Arthritis Res. Ther. 8, R20 (2006).
S51. Felson, D.T. etal. Low levels of vitamin D and worsening of knee osteoarthritis: results of two longitudinal studies. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 129–136 (2007).
S52. Ding, C. etal. Serum levels of vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and knee cartilage loss in older adults: the Tasmanian older adult cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1381–1389 (2009).
S53. Bergink, A.P. etal. Vitamin D status, bone mineral density, and the development of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee: the Rotterdam Study. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 15, 230–237 (2009).
S54. Chaganti, R.K. etal. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with prevalent osteoarthritis of the hip in elderly men: the osteoporotic fractures in men study. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 511–514 (2010).
S55. Muraki, S. etal. Association of vitamin D status with knee pain and radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 19, 1301–1306 (2011).
S56. arcOGEN Constorium and arcOGEN Collaborators. Identification of new susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis (arcOGEN): a genome-wide association study. Lancet 380, 815–823 (2012).