Chapter 1: Three Old Worlds Create a New 1492-1600
VOCABULARY:Hierarchical-egalitarian, Matrilineal-patrilineal, Polytheistic, Mestizo, Dual Sex Principle
IDs
Pueblo, IroquoisTrans-Saharan Trade
slavery in GuineaSlave Coast, Ivory Coast
Northeast Trade WindsWesterlies
Madeira PlantationMaize (Corn)
ColumbusTaino People
John CabotTreaty of Tordesillas 1494
Hernan Cortes & MalincheConquistadors
encomienda systemColumbian Exchange
Roanoke
Thomas Harriot'sBriefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the civilizations of the Americas, Africa, and Europe on the "eve" of contact in 1492. Highlight similarities and differences in the following categories: Political (describe leadershipstructure), Economic (Include technology, labor, and food obtaining practices), Social (Consider gender roles, etc.), Cultural (Include Religion). Use chart format.
2. What motivated European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries?
3. In what ways were Americans, Africans, and Europeans changed by the contact?
4.How does the textbook account of Columbus compare to what you have previously learned? How would you evaluate his significance? What does his journal-log reveal about European intentions in the Americas?Compare conquistadors: Cortez and Pizarro
5. Where and what type of places did the Spanish colonize? What was the Spanish model of colonization? What were some effects of this model?
6. Describe the early colonization strategy of the British.
7. How was the institution of slavery introduced in the Americas?
Chapter 2: Europeans Colonize North America 1600-1650
IDs
Captain William RudyerdProvidence Island
New SpainSt. Augustine
New FranceSamuel de Champlain
Quebec, MontrealJesuits or "Black Robes"
New NetherlandsAlbany, NY (Fort Orange)
Dutch West India CompanySoc/Econ change in Britain
English ReformationPuritans
joint-stock companyVirginia Company
Jamestown 1607Capt. John Smith/ Pocahontas
tobacco cultivationheadright system
House of Burgessesindentured servants
Chesapeake area (Md.)George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
New England areaseparatists
Plymouth, Mayflower CompactMass. Bay Company
John Winthrop “city upon a hill”covenant ideal
General CourtPequot War
Roger WilliamsRhode Island
Anne Hutchinsonaccepted religious views and gender rolesCaribbean sugar cultivation
QUESTIONS
1. Describe the colonization strategies of North America by the Spanish, French, Dutch and English. Note: How is England different from the rest?
Immigrant demographics / Purpose in America / Locations settled / Relations w/ N.A. / Characteristics of ColonyCountry A
Country B..
Fill out in detail on separate sheet.
2. Describe how insular European trading (French & Dutch) in North America affected relations with the Iroquois and Hurons.
3. What changes in England caused the “200,000 ordinary English men and women” to move to North America in the 17th century?
4. What were the similarities and differences between Algonquians and the English?
5.What do the experiences of dissenters Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson tell us about the society John Winthrop envisioned for his “city upon a hill?”
6. Compare the settlement patterns of the Chesapeake area to the New England area?
Motive of settlement / Basis of Economy / Society / Political Organization / Religious presence / Relation w/ N.A.Chesapeake
NewEngland
Chapter 3: North America in the Atlantic World 1650-1720
IDs
Restoration ColoniesNew York 1664
The Duke's LawsPennsylvania 1681
QuakersWilliam Penn
Carolina 1663North/South split 1729
“Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina”
Iroquois ConfederacyBeaver Wars 1640s-1701 v. New France
Pueblo Revolt 1680 v. SpanishKing Philip’s War 1670 v. English
Bacon's Rebellion 1676triangular trade
the middle passagetask system
mercantilismNavigation Acts 1651-1673
vice-admiralty courts 1696 Dominion of New England 1686
The Glorious Revolution 1689King William's War 1689
Salem witchcraft trials 1692Board of Trade and Plantations 1696
QUESTIONS
1. How was the founding of the Middle Atlantic and sub-Chesapeake southern colonies different in the development of the New England and Chesapeake colonies?
2. Describe the evolution of political structures from different colonial areas. What are the similarities and differences between the regions?
3. How & why did the distinct cultures, traditions and goals of each European colonizer incite conflict with Native American culture, tradition and goals?
4. How & why did the already established "slave system" of the West Indies take root in the English mainland colonies? How did the introduction of enslaved Africans affect the different regions?
5. What factors does the Norton textbook suggest caused the Salem Witchcraft hysteria?
6. What were the advantages and disadvantages of mercantilism to the colonies? Where did the imperial and colonial interests clash?
Chapter 4: Becoming America? 1720-1760
VOCABULARY:genteel, seditious, libel, defamatory, pluralistic, militia, deference, egalitarian, evangelist
IDs
population boomin British colonies
involuntary migrantsEuropean migrants
stagnant population in Sp/Fr coloniesKing George's War 1739
the EnlightenmentJohn Locke Two Treatises of Government
First Great Awakening 1735-1760s George Whitefield & Jonathan EdwardsChurch Splinters- Old Lights (orthodox), New Lights (evangelicals), Methodists, Baptists Colonial Assemblies
John Peter Zengerlibel law
Stono Rebellion 1739
QUESTIONS
1.What caused the rapid population growth in early 18th century colonial America and how was society changed? (diversity, economy)
3. How did ethnic diversity affect the language of revolution?
2. Examine and compare the economic development and growth of each region.
4. Compare the effects of King George’s War on the different regions.
5. How did colonial political institutions evolve? How did issues of class affect politics? Compare colonial assemblies to modern legislatures, why does Norton et al. say "the colonial ideal of the assembly as the defender of liberty was a myth" (p. 99)?
6. What did the Stono Rebellion and the Regulators Movement reveal about the social tensions and political stability during the mid-18th century?
7. How and why did the prominent colonial religion change from the Puritan ideals of Cotton Mather to the evangelism of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield? What impact did the First Great Awakening have on Colonial America?
8. Compare Enlightenment and Great Awakening ideals.
Chapter 5: The Ends of Empire 1754-1774
IDs
Albany Congress 1754Albany Plan of Union
French & Indian War/ Seven Years’ War 1756-63
Fort DuquesneTreaty of Paris 1763
Proclamation of 1763George Grenville 1763
virtualv. actual representationReal Whigs
Sugar & Currency Acts (Revenue Acts) 1764
Stamp Act 1765Otis’ The Rts. of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved”
Patrick HenryVirginia Stamp Act Resolves
LoyalistsAnti-Stamp Act demonstrations
Sons of LibertyStamp Act Congress 1765-66
non-importationrepeal & Declaratory Act 1766
Townshend Acts 1767Townshend Duties 1767 (Repealed 1770)
John Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmerin Pennsylvania
Daughters of LibertyBoston Massacre 1770Samuel Adams
Committee of CorrespondenceTea Act 1773Boston Tea Party 1773Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774 Quebec Act
Regulators Movement NC & SCFirst Continental Congress 1774
John AdamsSamuel AdamsJohn Dickinson
John JayDeclaration of Rights & Grievances
Continental AssociationCommittees of Observation
Provincial Conventions 1774-75
QUESTIONS
1. Why was the end of the Seven Year's War such an important turning point?
How was the relationship between colonists and Native Americans changed? ... with the British government?
2. How did differing theories of democratic representation affect the relationship between the English colonies and the British government?
3. Was the Stamp Act crisis the inevitable result of Britain's New Imperial Policy and of the differences in political theories between the British government and its American subjects?
4. Why were Americans so vehemently opposed to the Townshend duties?
5. What evidence would support John Adams' famous observation that there was a "revolution... in the Minds of the people" between 1760 and 1775? At what point do you think this part of the Revolution was complete?
6. How well did Revolutionary leaders succeed in organizing both sentiment for and execution of the Revolutionary War?
7. How did the First Continental Congress compromise between radical and conservative delegates? What measures were agreed on and how were these enforced? What happened to British authority in 1774-75?
PRE-REVOLUTIONARY ERA FLOW CHART OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
7 Years War & its results
- Reorganization of the British Imperial System
Grenville's Ministry
Proclamation Line, 1763
(due to Pontiac's raid)
Sugar Act (Revenue Act), 1764
Currency Act, 1764 Sons of Liberty, Daughters of
Stamp Act, 1765 Liberty, & Stamp Act Congress
Quartering Act, 1765
Non-importation policy
Repeal of Stamp Act, 1766
Declaratory Act, 1766
Mild reaction
Townshend Acts, 1767
Duty ActRevival of non-importation
Vice Admiralty Courts
Tightened customs.Dickinson's Letters From A
Pennsylvania Farmer
More Eng. troops sent over
Repeal of Townshend Acts, 1770
Collapse of non-importation
Friction between Eng. troops and colonies
Committees of Correspondence, 1772
didn't like the "peace"
Boston Massacre,1770
Gaspee Incident, 1772
Tea Act 1773
The Boston Tea Party, 1773
The Intolerable (Coercive) Acts, 1774
Boston Port Bill
Administration of Justice Act1st Continental Congress,1774
Mass. Government Act Continental Assoc,
Commiittees of
Quartering Act Observation
Declaration of Rights & Grievances,
Quebec Act, 1774 Suffolk Resolves
,
Lexington, Concord, & Ticonderoga in 1775 made the May 1775 2nd Continental Congress even more important. Army was raised & Washington put in command. Two days later, June 17, 1775 the Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill took place. In sept. 1775 Dickinson's "Olive Branch proposal" was turned down by King. Continued hostilities & Paine's Common Sense in Jan. of 1776 led the 2nd Continental Congress to pass the Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776
Chapter 6: American Revolutions 1775-1783
IDs
William Dawes & Paul Revere
Lexington & Concord 1775Battle of Bunker Hill 1775
British War Strategy
Second Continental Congress 1775George Washington
Republicanism (3 kinds)Thomas Paine Common Sense 1776
Thomas JeffersonDeclaration of Independence 1776
aims of State ConstitutionsArticles of Confederation (ratified 1781)
unicameral legislatureratification
BATTLES: Manhattan; Trenton; Princeton; Brandywine; Saratoga; Charleston
Franco-American Treaty of Alliance 1778
Battle of Yorktown (Lord Cornwallis' Surrender 1781)Treaty of Paris 1783
QUESTIONS
1.What factors influenced Loyalists, African-Americans and Native Americans in choosing sides? How did slavery impact revolutionary fervor?
2. How did the fighting begin? What strategy did each side adopt?
3. Compare British and American advantages at the outset.
4. What are the different forms of Republicanism? What group held which view?
5. How were the different notions of "Republican Virtue" expressed in art, education, and society at large?
6. What was the impact of revolutionary ideology on the position of women?
7. What was the impact of revolutionary ideology on the institution of slavery? What steps did African-Americans take to advance their cause and lives?
8. How did documents like Paine's Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence influence public opinion?
9. What were the main turning points in the war fought in the North? in the South? How would you evaluate George Washington’s role as a leader?
10. How did American delegates in Paris achieve such excellent terms?
Chapter 7: Forging a Nation 1783-1800
VOCABULARY: Republicanism; virtuous republic; national aristocracy; egalitarian; unicameral; bicameral;partisan politics; precedent; fiscal policy; speculators; belligerent; loyal opposition; arbitration; unilateralism
IDs
Second Continental Congress May 1776
fin. & currency disarrayforeign affairs disarray
Fort Stanwix Treaty 1786Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance 1787Shays' Rebellion 1787
Phila Constitutional Convention 1787
James MadisonVirginia Plan
New Jersey Planbicameral legislature
proportional v.equal representation
3/5ths clauseSeparation of Powers- Checks & Balances
Fugitive Slave ClauseFederalists & Antifederalists
Bill of Rights 1791The Federalist
Life of Washington 1800public elementary schools
private academies for girlsJudith Sargent Murray
Revenue Act of 1789Bill of Rights
Judiciary Act of 1789Executive Departments & Heads
Alexander HamiltonHamilton's Financial Plan
Report of Public Credit (1st &2nd)First Bank of the United States 1791
Defense of Constitutionality of Bank
strict v. broad construction or interpretation of Constitution
"necessary and proper" clauseReport on Manufactures 1791
protective tariffexcise tax
whiskey taxWhiskey Rebellion 1794
Democratic SocietiesG.W. Neutrality Proclamation
Jay Treaty 1795John Adams
XYZ Affair 1798Quasi-War v. France 1798-99
Alien & Sedition Acts 1798Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions1798
War with Miami Confederacy 1793"Civilizing" Native Americans
Abigail Adams (1776 letter)republican womanhood
Gradual Abolition in Northgrowth of Free Black population
African Methodist Episcopal ChurchDevelopment of Racist Theory Benjamin Banneker discriminatory laws
White Men's Republic lawsFries's Rebellion 1798-99
Gabriel's Rebellion 1800Election of 1800
QUESTIONS
1. How did the first Federal Congress attempt to enact the principals articulated in the newly ratified Constitution?
2. What effect did Hamilton's controversial financial plan have on the allegedly factionless politics of Washington's administration?
3. How did the French Revolution help split America's former revolutionaries?
How did this affect the Federalist administrations of Washington and Adams?
4. How was political partisanship evident in issues such as the Alien and Sedition Acts? The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions?The Quasi-war with France?The election of 1800?
5. What evidence do you see of unresolved tensions threatening the new republic at the end of the century?
6. Why was emancipation handled differently in the North and South? What effect could this have on the future of the Republic?
7. How and why did "Racist Theory" emerge?
8. How did Americans design and redesign their state constitutions?
9. What weaknesses of the national gov. were exposed by Shays' Rebellion? Compare them to the achievements of the Confederation Government. What were the glaring weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
10. Why was compromise at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention so necessary?
What effects did these compromises have on the eventual design of the Constitution?
11. What were the basic issues of dispute between the Federalists & Anti-federalists? Why did the Federalists ultimately win? What did the Anti-federalists achieve?
Chapter 8: Defining a Nation 1801-1823
VOCABULARY: partisanship; factionalism; patronage; impeach; indict; "implied powers"
IDs
Thomas JeffersonElection of 1800
"wall of separation"partisan press
"midnight appointments"Jefferson's views on national debt Naturalization Act of 1802 the judiciary
Chief Justice John Marshall 1801-1835Marbury v. Madison 1803
judicial reviewElection of 1804
Hamilton v. Burr duel 1804Burr conspiracy and trial
Louisiana Purchase1803Lewis & Clark Expedition
TenskwatawaTecumseh
Tripoli War Barbary "Pirates"impressments
Chesapeake affair 1807Non-Importation Act 1807
Embargo Act 1807effects on domestic manufacturing
abolishment of international slave trade as of Jan 1, 1808
The Am. Colonization SocietyElection of 1808- James Madison
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809Macon's Bill # 2 of 1810
War Hawks (John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay)
War of 1812Invasion of Canada 1812
Andrew JacksonBattle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent 1815Hartford Convention
"American System"Second Bank of the U.S. 1816
Protective Tariff of 1816
Bonus Bill VetoPanic of 1819
Missouri Compromise 1820"Era of Good Feelings"
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Adams-Onis TreatyMonroe Doctrine1823
QUESTIONS
1. How did Republicans differ from Federalists? Consider values, policies and political tactics.
2. To what extent do you think the Election of 1800 was, as Thomas Jefferson called it, the “Revolution of 1800?” What was the “legacy” of this election?
3. What was the impact of the Marshall Supreme Court? How does Marbury v. Madison demonstrate Marshall’s ingenuity?
4. How did politics change after 1800? What happened to the Federalists?
5. What were the causes and consequences of the War of 1812? How did Jefferson and Madison try to keep out of war, and why did their policies fail? To what extent do you think the War of 1812 could be called “the second war for American independence?”
6. Evaluate Republican policies after the War of 1812.
Chapter 9: The Rise of the South 1815-1860
VOCABULARY: racism; paternalism; (yeoman farmers)
IDs
Proslavery Arguments in the SouthThomas Dew
George Fitzhughslave society
Southern Worldview
The Removal Act 1830Cherokee Resistance
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831Worcester v. Georgia 1832
King CottonSouthern Paternalism
task systemFrederick Douglass
African cultural survivalslave resistance and rebellion
Denmark VeseyNat Turner
QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the differences and similarities between the North and South in the period from 1830 to 1860. (We will cover this in class with a handout.)
2. Discuss the arguments used by southerners to defend the institution of slavery in the pre-Civil war era.
(3. Discuss the lifestyle of southern slaveholders and the paternalistic ideology that was a central part of their belief system.)
4. Examine the treatment of Native Americans by white Americans from 1816 to 1845. How does this treatment relate to the professed American faith in equality, opportunity, and constitutional government?
5. Discuss the culture that slaves created and examine the nature and extent of slave resistance.
Chapter 10: The Restless North 1815-1860
IDs
market economy & societypreindustrial farming
ground transportationsteamboats 1807
Erie Canal 1817-1825rail transportation
regionaleconomic connections
Northern ideal of "Progress"factory work
"The American System of manufacturing"
textile millslabor issues and protests 1834
labor unionsCommonwealth v. Hunt 1842
garmentindustryspecialization
commercial v. subsistence farmingwomen on the farm
boom and bust cycleFederal Bankruptcy Law of 1841
Catharine Beecher’s Treatise on Domestic Economy (1841)
shrinking familiesseparate spheres
women wage earnersurbanization 1820-60
municipal servicesdisparity of wealth
immigration from new European Countriesethnic tension
Social Economic Segregation for African-Americans
The Second Great AwakeningRevivalism
The Female Moral Reform Society The Penitentiary Movement
The Asylum MovementDorothea Dix
The Am. Society for the Promotion of Temperance
public schoolsHorace Mann
MormonsShakers
transcendentalismNathaniel Hawthorne
American RenaissanceEmerson, Thoreau
The Amer. Antislavery SocietyWm. Lloyd GarrisonThe Liberator
Elijah Lovejoygradualists vs. immediatists
Black AbolitionistsDavid Walker
Frederick Douglass
QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the causes and consequences of the various reform movements.
2. Discuss the forces in American society that led to the women’s movement.
Chapter 11: The Contested West 1815-1860
VOCABULARY:empresario; Tejanos; Hispanics;