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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCESTO THE ISSP
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THE SUBNUCLEAR SERIES
DETAILED CONTENTS
1963 — INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS
Strong, Electromagnetic, and Weak Interactions
CONTENTS
Lectures
J.S. BELL Theoretical introduction 1
T. REGGE Topics on non-relativistic potential scattering 63
L. VAN HOVE Inelastic collisions and shadow scattering of strongly-interacting particles at high energy 85
H. RARARI Particles and resonances from the unitary symmetry point of view 93
G. PUPPI Pionic resonances 101
S.M. BERMAN Weak interactions 133
N. CABIBBO Leptonic decays and the unitary symmetry 191
Seminars
Y. GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT
Elastic scattering, polarization and inelastic collisions of antiprotons on protons at 3 and 3.6 GeV/c 203
G. GIACOMELLI p± – p and p- p elastic scattering at high energies 231
V. SILVESTRINI Photoproduction and neutral decay modes of the h particle 243
R. WEINSTEIN m pair production 267
R. DIEBOLD Radiative muon capture in Ca40 271
List of participants 281
1964 — INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS
Symmetries in Elementary Particle Physics
CONTENTS
Opening Speech
G. BERNARDINI La fisica ed il progresso del pensiero scientifico attraverso i secoli 2
Lectures
P. KABIR Symmetry principles in particles physics 11
I: Invariance in quantum theory 11
1 Superselection rules 13
2 Generators of continuous transformations 14
3 Inhomogeneous Euclidean group 21
4 Four-dimensional rotations 22
5 Lorentz transformations 23
6 Inhomogeneous Lorentz group 24
7 Relation to usual spin description 26
II: Discrete symmetry operations 27
1 Charge conjugation 33
2 G parity 36
3 Time reversal 36
4 TCP theorem 39
III: The Yang-Mills field 41
Bibliography 48
S.M. BERMAN Elements of SU3 49
I: Introduction and basic ideas 49
The unitary group Un 54
U2 and SU2 56
SU3 57
II: Properties of SU3 representations 61
III: Degeneracy and tensorial methods 70
IV: The matrices for baryons and mesons and Yukawa couplings 79
V: The mass formula: medium strong splittings 85
VI: The electromagnetic mass splittings 94
VII: Decimet decay widths and summary 102
1 Multiplet structure 107
2 Strong mass formula 109
3 Electromagnetic mass formula 109
4 Decay widths – (10 ® 8 + 8) 109
References 110
R.P. FEYNMAN Consequences of SU3 symmetry in weak interactions 111
1st lecture: Introduction 111
Form of the four-fermion weak interaction 112
Parity non-conservation 113
Strong interaction modification of weak decay matrix elements and the conserved vector current theory 114
Electromagnetic corrections to weak interaction matrix elements 117
2nd lecture: Strangeness changing weak decays 120
The current-current theory 122
Pion decay 124
3rd lecture: Introduction to SU3 138
Sum rules for mass splittings 141
Octet operators 142
Reduction of the direct product of two octets 144
4th lecture: Couplings of the baryons and mesons 150
SU3 in the weak interaction 151
Universality and the strangeness changing decays 152
Comparison of the Cabibbo theory with experiment 154
Determination of the axial vector current F/D ratio 144
5th lecture: Generalization of the Goldberger-Treiman relation 158
Treiman relation 158
Leptic decays 159
Non-leptic decays 160
Tests of the DI = ½ rule 161
6th lecture: Attempts to deduce the DI = ½ rule 165
weak decay data summary 171
R. GATTO: Vector and axial currents under first order symmetry breaking 175
I: The current octets 176
II: First class and second class amplitudes 176
III: Charge conjugation on an octet 177
IV: First order symmetry breaking 177
V: Restrinctions following from charge conjugation 179
VI: First class covariants 181
VII: Second class covariants 182
VIII: First class amplitudes for leptonic decays 182
IX: Second class amplitudes for leptonic decays 183
X: Electromagnetic amplitudes 184
First class electromagnetic amplitudes 184
Second class electromagnetic amplitudes 185
XI: A non-renormalization theorem for the vector current octet 185
XII: Bosons 188
XIII: Currents with indefinite charge conjugation 190
References 191
G. ZWEIG Fractionally charged particles and SU6 196
I: The Sakata model and its modification 192
II: The Ace model 197
III: A symmetry higher than SU3 219
References 234
P. TARJANNE SU4 235
I: Representations of SU4 236
1 Sakata model 236
2 Ace model 236
3 Eightfold way 236
II: Mass formulae 238
III: Weak interactions 240
References 243
L.C. BIEDENHARN Some properties of the Sun representation 244
Suggested bibliography 255
N. CABIBBO Possible consequences of the ® p + p- decay 256
I: Phenomenology of K decays (an outline) 256
1 K 2p 256
2 K 3p 258
3 Leptonic decays 260
II: The K0 - the system 265
1 Decays and mass difference 265
2 Regeneration in matter 271
III: Are K0’s an isolated system? 273
1 Reality character 275
2 Consequences of reality character 275
3 Consequences of tensor character 277
IV: CP violation in decays 279
1 ® 2 p decays, regeneration in matter 279
2 Ratio of leptonic decays in , R 282
3 If CP is violated, how strongly so? 282
4 Decay into 3 p 284
V: CP violation in weak interactions, leptonic decays 286
Appendix – CP invariance and SU3 291
References 292
Seminars
J. ASKIN Methods for assigning spin and parity to baryon resonances 293
I: Determination of the spin and parity of baryon resonances. Method of Byers and Fenster 293
Decay from a particular spin state of the g* 294
II: Decay from a statistical mixture of spin states; density matrices for g* and g 298
IV: Angular distribution of the polarization of g 303
1 Longitudinal polarization 304
2 Transverse polarization 304
V: Lorentz frames in which to measure the decay of g* and g 305
VI: Restrictions of the 307
VII: Summary of procedure for spin parity determination 309
VIII: Background interference 309
References 310
G. BERNARDINI General review of neutrino physics 311
Separation of events into elastic and inelastic 319
Recognition of elastic events 321
The inelastic events 327
To what level can we say that nm ¹ ne 328
Neutral currents 329
W: intermediate vector bosons 330
References 340
M.M. BLOCK: Future experiments in neutrino physics
C. CONFORTO: Measurement of the angular correlation of electrons relative to a spin in L0 - b decay 360
B.A. SHERWOOD: Momentum spectrum of positrons from muon decay 365
Discussions
Led by R.P. FEYNMAN 368
Discussion I 368
Discussion II 375
Discussion III 379
Discussion IV 384
Discussion V 389
Discussion VI 394
Closing Lecture
R.P. FEYNMAN: Present status of strong electromagnetic and weak interactions 398
I: basic physics 398
II: Conservation laws 400
III: Existential questions 404
IV: The question of dynamics 409
V: Advice for the future 413
1965 — INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS
Recent Developments in Particle Symmetries
CONTENTS
Opening Ceremony
A. ZICHICHI Discorso inaugurale 2
A. SAVALLI Parole di benvenuto 10
A. PAIS Invited speech 11
Lectures
A. PAIS Higher Symmetries 13
I: Introduction about unitary symmetry 13
II: Useful tools 17
III: SU(6) with applications 24
IV: SU(6,6) and subgroups 32
IV.1: The subgroup SU(6)W of SU(6,6) 42
D.H. SHARP Deviations from unitary symmetry 47
I: Introduction 47
II: Bootstrap theory of octet enhancement 49
1 Basic ideas of octet enhancement 49
2 General features of the bootstrap theory of octet enhancement 56
III: S matrix perturbation theory 62
1 Introduction 62
2 First-order equations for mass and coupling constant shifts in potential theory 63
3 First-order mass and coupling constant shifts in relativistic scattering theory 70
4 Perturbation formulae for multi-channel scattering problem 77
IV: Octet enhancement in the B and D supermultiplets 81
1 Introduction 81
2 Bootstrap theory and the parity non-conserving hyperon decays 83
3 Survey of results on octet enhancement in the B and D supermultiplets 89
References 101
N. CABIBBO Broken symmetries and sum rules 104
Introduction 104
I: Exact internal symmetry 105
II: Broken symmetries 107
III: The Adler-Weisberger sum rule 119
IV: Saturation of commutation relations and particle multiplets 129
V: A possible algebra of currents 132
J.S. BELL Difficulties of relativistic U(6) 138
I: Non-covariant models 139
1 U(6) 139
2 SU(2) – content 140
3 Boosting 142
4 Spin independence in the centre-of-mass system 144
II: Covariant models 146
1 U(12) and (12) 146
2 U(6) ´ U(6) 148
3 UW(6) 150
4 U(3) ´ U(3) 151
5 Inhomogeneous (12) or (12) ´ T1 4 3 152
6 Inhomogeneous CL (6, c) 154
III: Coleman’s theorems 155
1 The statement 155
2 First theorem 157
3 Second theorem 159
IV: Unitary 166
1 General remarks 166
2 Quark-scalar scattering 167
3 Quark-quark and quark-antiquark elastic scattering in
(12) ´ T1 4 3 or U(3) ´ U(3) 170
J. PRENTKI CP violation 176
I: Introduction 176
II: General remarks 179
III: Weak interactions 193
References 202
J. STEINBERGER CP violation and K decay 205
I: K-decay 205
1 K-decay modes and branching ratios 205
2 Notation and superposition principle 206
3 CPT invariance 208
4 CP invariance 210
5 Experiments on K ® 2p decay 210
II: Interference of KS and KL in 2p decay 213
1 (KL – KS ) mass difference experiments 213
2 Interference in KS, KL 2p decays 217
3 K leptonic decay and CP violation 220
III: CP violation and the DS = DQ rule in K02 leptonic decay 222
1 K ® 3p 226
IV: Unitary and p2 – q2 228
1 Isospin analysis of the 2p decay node 230
References 234
Figure Captions 236
P. FRANZINI Proton-antiproton annihilation at rest 248
I: Introduction 248
II: The statistical model 249
III: Phenomenological analysis of some final state in annihilation at rest 251
1 The reaction ® 3p 252
1 The reaction ® w p+ p- 252
1 The reaction ® K + + p 252
1 Summary 261
IV: Partial rates for annihilation into two and three mesons 261
V: A direct test of charge conjugation invariance in proton-antiproton annihilation at rest 263
References 268
L.A. RADICATI Closing Lecture – The significance of internal symmetries 275
1 The hierarchy of internal symmetries 275
2 The well-ordered violation of internal symmetries 278
3 The relation of internal and geometrical symmetries: Wigner’s theory of nuclear supermultiplets 280
4 The combination of internal and geometrical symmetries in the physics of elementary particles 281
5 An outlook 285
References 286
Seminars
G.A. SNOW Low-energy hyperon-proton interactions 288
References 296
S. FOCARDI Strange resonances 298
I: Introduction 298
1.1 K* (1400) 299
1.2 K** (1320) 300
2 Mesonic resonances with strangeness + 2 301
3 Baryonic resonances 302
3.1 (1942), Y* (2097) and Y* (2299) 302
3.2 X* (1933) 302
3.3 A Y* with I=2 303
References 307
V.P. HENRY Invited discussion following the Focardi lecture 318
References 320
U. MEYER-BERKHOUT Current experiments at DESY 323
Introduction 323
I: Current experimental programme 323
II: Preliminary experimental results 328
1 Bubble-chamber work 329
2 search for the heavy electron in the mass range between o.5 and 1.0 Gev 337
3 Electroproduction of pions and photoproduction of dipions 342
3.1 Electroproduction of pions 342
3.2 Photoproduction of dipions 345
4 Production of coherent bremsstrahlung by electrons in a diamond crystal (Überall effect) 346
References 349
Figure captions 351
J.L. FRANZINI The electron spectrum from muon decay 360
The spectrometer method 362
The visual method 362
References 366
L.N. COOPER Superconductors: superconducting and otherwise 370
I: Superconducting 370
II: Otherwise 387
References 398
Discussions
Discussion I led by A. PAIS 399
Discussion 2 led by A. PAIS 409
Discussion 3 led by D.H. SHARP 415
Discussion 4 led by A. PAIS 424
Discussion 5 led by N. CABIBBO 427
Discussion 6 led by J.S. BELL 431
Discussion 7 led by L.A. RADICATI 438
Discussion 8 led by L.A. RADICATI 442
Discussion 9 led by J. PRENTKI 444
Discussion 10 led by N. CABIBBO 445
Closing ceremony 448
V.F. WEISSKOPF The privilege of being a scientist 450
1966 — INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS
Strong and Weak Interactions Present Problems
CONTENTS
Forewords xi
Opening Ceremony 1
G. Bernardini Discorso inaugurale 3
E. Amaldi Ettore Majorana, Man and Scientist - Commemoration Speech 10
Lectures
S. Coleman AN INTRODUCTION TO UNITARY SYMMETRY 78
I. The search for higher symmetries 78
1. The eight-baryon puzzle 78
2. The elimination of G0 81
II. SU(3) and its representations 83
1. The representations of SU(n) 83
2. The representations of SU(2) 85
3. The representations of SU(3) 87
4. Dimensions of the IR's 88
5. Isospin and hypercharge 89
6. Isospin-hypercharge decompositions 91
7. The Clebsch-Gordan series 94
8. Some theorems 98
9. Invariant couplings 101
10. The problem of Cartesian components 101
11. SU(2) again 102
12. SU(3) octets: trilinear couplings 105
13. SU(3) octets: quadrilinear couplings 106
14. A mixed notation 107
III. Applications 110
1. Electromagnetism 111
2. Magnetic moments: baryons 112
3. Electromagnetic mass splittings 113
4. Electromagnetic properties of the decuplet 114
5. The medium-strong interactions 115
IV. Ideas of octet enhancement 117
Bibliography 128
L.A. Radicati HADRON AND LEPTON INTERNAL SYMMETRIES 129
I. Introduction 129
II. Internal symmetry for leptons 130
III. Algebra of the hadron vector current 134
IV. Leptons and hadrons 141
References 145
N. Cabibbo CURRENT ALGEBRA AND WEAK INTERACTIONS 146
I. Introduction 146
II. Outline of weak interaction theory 147
1. Current-current interaction 147
2. Structure of the hadron current Jx 150
3. Partially conserved axial vector current 152