Science Test Study Guide - Chapter 9

6th Grade

SEE ALSO THE CHAPTER REVIEW IN YOUR TEXTBOOK - PAGESE48-49

Vocabulary – be able to define the following terms.

(Use the online study guides to help you review!)

  1. matter – any solid, liquid, or gas
  2. mass – the amount of matter in an object (usually measured in grams using a balance; the mass of an object will not change on the moon)
  3. volume – the amount of space taken up by an object
  4. density – the amount of mass in a given amount of space (density = mass/volume)
  5. physical property – a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
  6. physical change – a change in matter (size, shape, or state) that does not form a new substance
  7. melting point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
  8. boiling point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

______

  1. element – a substance that cannot be broken down further into anything simpler
  2. atom – the smallest particle of an element that has the same chemical properties as the element
  3. nucleus of atom – the densest part of an atom where most of its mass is located (contains protons & neutrons)
  4. proton – a positively charged particle inside an atom’s nucleus
  5. neutron – a particle with no charge located inside an atom’s nucleus
  6. electron – a negatively charged particle that moves around an atom’s nucleus
  7. atomic number – the number of protons in the atom of an element
  8. periodic table – a table of elements in which the elements are arranged according to their chemical properties such as atomic mass or how they react with others; also arranged in groups of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
  9. noble gases – elements that rarely, if ever, react with other elements; they are found in the far right column of the periodic table
  10. metal – an element that is usually a good conductor of electricity and heat; usually metals are hard, shiny solids
  11. metalloids – have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
  12. nonmetals – elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity

______

  1. chemical change – a change that produces new substances
  2. compound – a chemical combination of two or more substances (example: water)
  3. chemical bonds – the links that atoms or atomic-sized particles can form with one another
  4. chemical formula – a way of using letters and numbers to show how much of an element is in a substance
  5. covalent bond – a very strong bond that forms when two or more elements share electrons to obtain a full outer shell
  6. ion – an electrically charged particle with unequal numbers of protons and electrons
  7. ionic bond – a bond that forms between a positive and negative ions (opposites attract)
  8. litmus paper – an indicator that changes color when placed in an acid or base
  9. exothermic – chemical reactions that give off heat
  10. endothermic – chemical reactions that absorb energy (heat)

OtherThings to Know:

  1. Know the formula for finding density.

density = ______/ ______

  1. Be able to answer questions based off the periodic table.

Examples:

How many protons does Silicon (Si) have?

Neon (Ne) has how many valence electrons?

What is the element symbol for Iron?

Hg is the element symbol for which element name?

What is the atomic mass of Sulfur (S)?

List the element symbols of three noble gases?

  1. Be able to balance a chemical equation.

Example: ____AgCl + ____Pb ------> ____PbCl2 + ____Ag

  1. Be able to draw a picture of a specific atom showing the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons in each shell.

Example: (Draw the electron shells around the following two elements.)

NaSi

  1. Be able to draw and/or explain how a covalent bond works. (see page E34)
  1. Be able to draw and/or explain how an ionic bond works. (see page E35)

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