Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide

  1. What is the smallest unit that can carry on all functions of life?cells
  2. What is the major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Prokaryotes have no nucleus
  3. Which organelle makes most of ATP during cellular respiration?Mitochondria
  4. Which process moves water molecules across the cell membrane?osmosis
  5. What does photosynthesis turn light energy into?Chemical energy
  6. How do small molecules cross the cell membrane?diffusion
  7. Which organelle produces proteins?ribosomes
  8. What is endocytosis?Process of taking materials into the cell membrane by engulfment
  9. What is active transport?Moving molecules from low concentration to high concentration.
  10. Which process do most organisms use to break down energy?Cellular respiration
  11. What is diffusion?The process where molecules move from high concentration to low concentration.
  12. Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant cell?Chloroplast
  13. What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable plasma membrane? Regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
  14. The blueprint for protein is carried by which molecule?DNA
  15. Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to produce sugar?Chloroplast
  16. What are the two main processes by which plant cells absorb, release and use energy?Photosynthesis and respiration
  17. How are osmosis and diffusion related?They are both forms of passive transport
  18. What is passive transport?Movement ofmolecules without energy expenditure. (without using energy)
  19. What is the body’s first line of defense against invading pathogens such as bacteria and viruses?skin
  20. What is osmosis?Movement of water across the cell membrane
  21. What do plants need to make their own food?Carbon dioxide and water
  22. What is glucose?Most common energy source for all cells and enters cells throughfacilitated diffusion.
  23. What is the function of the cell membrane?Regulates what comes in and out of the cell
  24. Which is the simplest level of organization in a human being?Cell
  25. Which body system responds and tries to defend our body against viruses?Immune system
  26. What is homeostasis?Maintaining internal environments
  27. Where does digestion begin?mouth
  28. Which two systems work together to help the body move?Skeletal and muscular
  29. Which organ systems work together to keep your body cool by perspiring?Nervous and circulatory
  30. When muscles work with the brain which two systems are working together?Skeletal and muscular
  31. How do enzymes help digestion?Enzymes are proteins that speed up the process of chemically breaking down food molecules.
  32. What name is given to a group of similar cells that perform a special function together and make up an organ?tissue
  33. Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?mitochondria
  34. What type of energy do muscles convert chemical energy into?Mechanical energy
  35. Which two systems are most responsible for providing cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide?Circulatory and respiratory
  36. How do molecules move during diffusion?From higher concentration to lower concentration
  37. How do gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the plasma membrane?Through passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
  38. What are the levels of tissue organization?Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism