Government: Review for the Final Exam Name ______
Students may use this one piece of paper (or another) on the Final Exam for the last ½ of the period. Notes may be written on the paper. Turn it in with the final exam. The exam is 15% of the semester grade.
Chapter 1: Foundations of Government
Four main purposes of government, Essential Features of a State, Difference between a Nation and State
Systems of Power: Unitary, Confederation, Federal
Economic Systems: Capitalism, Socialism, Communism
Political Systems: Parliamentary, Totalitarian, Anarchy,
Monarchy, Autocracy, Republic Dictatorship, Theocracy
Sources of Political Authority:
Oligarchy, Democracy (direct & representative)
Characteristics of Democracy
Chapter 2
Limited government Representative government
Rule of law Inalienable rights
Separation of powers- Montesquieu
Social Contract Theory- Rousseau
Government in the Colonies:
House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact
Stamp Act Congress Second Continental Congress
Declaration of Independence: Author, date, 5 parts
Articles of Confederation – Weaknesses
Ratifying the Constitution: Federalists, Anti-Federalists
Federalists Papers
Chapter 3: Constitution
Major Principles of the Constitution:
Popular sovereignty, Federalism, Separation of Powers,
Checks and Balances, Judicial Review, Limited Govt.
Preamble Elastic Clause aka Necessary & Proper
How can the Constitution be amended? Bill of Rights
Eminent domain
Chapter 4: Federalism
Delegated, Expressed, enumerated powers, Implied, Inherent, Reserved powers,Concurrent powers
Supremacy Clause States’ Rights vs. Nationalists’ view
Chapter 5: Congress
House of Representatives & Senate:
Requirements, Terms, apportionment, leaders’ titles
Protections: Immunity, slander, censure
Incumbents Census ReapportionmentRedistricting Gerrymandering: Packing, Cracking
Speaker, Majority & minority leaders, whips Hopper
President Pro tempore Filibuster Cloture
Standing, subcommittee, select, joint, conference
Library of Congress Congressional Budget Office
General Accounting Office Government Printing Office
Chapter 6
McCulloch v Maryland
Powers denied to Congress:
Writ of Habeas Corpus, Bills of Attainder, Ex post facto
Powers of Congress:
Taxing and Spending – Revenue & appropriation bills
Borrow money – national debt, debt ceiling
Coin money, regulate interstate commerce, war,
Foreign policy, Naturalization, copyrights, patents,
Post office, federal courts, impeachment,
Confirmation, amendments, investigative
Chapter 7
Making Laws: Committee Actions - pigeonholing, hearings, markup session, report; Floor Action: debate, amend, riders, Christmas tree, Veto, pocket veto,
Quorum - Types of votes: Voice, standing, roll call
Taxing and Spending Bills:
House Ways & Means Senate Finance Committee
Appropriating Money: Appropriations committee
Uncontrollables, entitlements THOMAS
Lobbyists Political Action Committees Caseworkers Public works bills Pork barrel legislation Logrolling
Chapter 8, 9, 10: Executive
President, Duties, Terms, Qualifications, Succession
Unwritten requirements, VP’s responsibilities
How the Electoral College works Primaries Conventions Winner-take-all Cabinet
Office of Management and Budget, National Security Council, National Homeland Security Council, Council of Economic Advisors, Chief of Staff, Roles of the President
Executive Privilege
Main responsibility for each executive dept.:
Defense, State, Treasury, Interior, Agriculture, Justice,
Commerce, Labor, HousingUrban Dev., Education,
Transportation, Energy, Veterans, Homeland Security
Main responsibility for independent agencies:
CIA, NASA, Nat. Transportation Safety Bd., Small
Business, Social Security, Post Office
Main responsibility for regulatory board:
Consumer Product Safety, EPA, Equal Employment
Opportunity Comm., Federal Deposit Insurance
Corp., Food & Drug, Nuclear, Occupational Safety &
Health Ad., Securities & Exchange
Chapter 11& 12: Judicial
Courts: district, circuit, supreme,
Federal Jurisdiction
Justices: appointment, tenure, number, duties
Jurisdiction: Original and appellate Chief Justice
Writ of Certiorari, Judicial Activism & Restraint
How cases reach move through the Supreme Court
Judicial Review: Marbury v Madison, Roe v Wade
Plessy v Ferguson Brown v Board of Ed.
Miranda v Arizona Regents of U of Cal. V Bakke Gideon v Wainwright
Chapter 13: Liberty & Justice
1st & 14th Amendment freedoms
Establishment clause
Equal Access Act Pure vs. Symbolic Speech
Guidelines regulating speech: Clear & Present Danger,
Bad Tendency, Preferred Position Doctrine
Defamatory Speech: Slander, Libel, Prior restraint
Heckler’s veto
Chapter 14
Aliens: resident,nonresident, enemy, refugee, illegal
Immigration policy, Naturalization
Citizenship: law of the soil & law of the blood,
Rights of the Accused: search & seizure, counsel,
Self- incrimination, double jeopardy, cruel & unusual
Equal Protection Affirmative Action
Freedom of Info. Sunshine Act
Chapter 15
Laws: Constitutional, Statutory, Admin., Case, Equity
Civil vs. Criminal Law Intentional Tort Negligence Damages Punitive damages Plaintiff Defendant
Steps in a Civil Case: Complaint, Discovery, Trial, Award
Small Claims Court
Crimes: petty, misdemeanors, felonies
Arraignment, Bail, plea bargaining, Nolo, Hung jury
Chapter 16 Political Participation
Political parties: Democrat vs. Republican