Name:______Biology 10 (10th Grade) Midterm Exam 2014 Study Guide
Date & Time of Exam:
· The midterm exam will consist of two parts, and is worth a total of 125 points.
· Part I (the “core””) will be worth 75 points and consist of 75 multiple choice questions.
· Part II (the “addendum”) will be worth 50 points and contain open ended questions.
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
1. What is a cell?
2. Describe the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell. Name one organism that has this type of cell.
3. Describe the characteristics of a eukaryotic cell. Name two organisms that have this type of cell.
4. Fill in the chart below
Organelle / Function / Found in:Plant cell?
Animal cell?
Bacteria cell?
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Ribosome
5. Part of the cell membrane’s function is to be selectively permeable, what does this mean? In comparison what does permeable and impermeable mean>?
6. Make a WORD MAP using the following words below. Start with one word (the main idea) and then branch off to sub groups. Also make sure to write the definition next to each term, except for “Cellular Transportation”.
· Active Transport
· Cellular Transportation
· Diffusion
· Osmosis
· Passive Transport
CELL ENERGY
7. Define autotroph. Provide one examples of an autotrophic organism.
8. Define heterotroph. Provide two examples of heterotrophic organisms.
9. What is the difference between anerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?
10. Fill in the chart below about photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Process / Reactants / Products / Organisms that perform this process / Organelle that performs this processPhotosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
11. Draw a simple diagram that demonstrates how you understand how a carbon atom is cycled in our ecosystems. Below is list of events that you should include in your drawing.
· Photosynthesis absorbs CO2 is from the atmosphere and uses it to make sugar, C6H12O6 (glucose)
· C6H12O6 (glucose) is consumed by a heterotrophic organism
· C6H12O6 is broken down during cellular respiration and the organism releases CO2 into the atmosphere through respiration
· Organisms die and are decomposed into carbon and oxygen by bacterium
· Wood and fossil fuels are burned and release CO2 into the atmosphere
ENZYMES
12. What are TWO reasons why living organisms have enzymes to help perform chemical reactions?
13. Draw, label & define the following parts of an enzyme reaction: SUBSTRATE, ENZYME, ACTIVE SITE & PRODUCTS.
14. Why are enzymes substrate specific?
15. What is enzyme denaturation? Explain two conditions that cause this problem.
16. Describe what this graph is demonstrating about enzymes.
DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
17. What are nucleotides?
18. What is the function/purpose of DNA?
19. What is the function/purpose of RNA?
20. Describe the 1st step of protein synthesis, TRANSCRIPTION.
21. Describe the 2nd step of protein synthesis, TRANSLATION.
22. What are amino acids?
23. Make a Venn diagram comparing DNA and RNA using the word bank below.
24. Practice protein synthesis:
DNA: GTC - CGG - AGA - GGG - TGA
RNA: ______-______-______-______-______ß Transcription (in nucleus)
Amino Acid: ______-______-______-______-______ß Translation (in ribosome)
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
25. Define Transgenic Engineering.
26. Define Selective Breeding.
27. Restriction enzymes are a tool used to perform transgenic engineering. Describe what scientists do with restriction enzymes.
28. What are the possible benefits and risks of GMO’s?
BENEFITS / RISKSCELL DIVISION:
29. What are at least three purposes for cell division?
30. Fill in the chart comparison:
MITOSIS / MEIOSISType of cells/organisms that undergo this process…
If a somatic cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
Are the daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
31. What is a zygote? How is this created?
32. Draw mitosis and meiosis. Start each parent cell with 4 chromosomes. Don’t worry about including detailed artwork, the phases or cytokinesis. Just sketch the BIG IDEA.
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS33. What is asexual reproduction? What do the offspring look like in comparison to the parents? What are benefits of this type of reproduction?
34. What is sexual reproduction? What do the offspring look like in comparison to the parents? What are benefits of this type of reproduction?
35. What is non-disjunction? What are the consequences of this process?
36. Look at the karyotypes below. Identify the sex of the person and any chromosome abnormalities.
GENETICS
37. Define the following vocabulary terms in your genetics packet or on quizlet.
· Genotype:
· Phenotype:
· Heterozygous :
· Homozygous :
Blood Type (Phenotype) / Genotype(s)Blood Type A
Blood Type B
Blood Type O
Blood Type AB
38. Define CO-DOMINANCE.
39. A child was born with blood type O, but neither of his parents were blood type O. What are the parent’s genotypes?
40. Cross a heterozygous blood type A mother with a homozygous blood type B father. What are the chances of having a child with blood type B?
41. Define SEX-LINKED (X-LINKED).
42. Color blindness is a sex linked trait. XB = normal Xb= colorblind.
List all the possible genotypes for males and females:
Normal female:
Carrier female:
Colorblind female:
Colorblind male:
Normal male:
43. Cross a normal female with a colorblind male. What percentage of their male offspring will be colorblind?
44. Cross a female whose father is colorblind and mother is normal, with a normal male. What percentage of their female offspring will be colorblind?
45. Define INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE.
46. Cross a blue flower with a red flower. What are the outcomes?
B = blue
R = red
47. Cross two offspring flowers together (the offspring from question #56 above). What are the outcomes?
48. Determine the genotypes of each individual.
49. Determine the genotypes of each individual.
OPEN ENDED SECTION OF THE EXAM (ADDENDUM)
Be prepared to perform the following for the open ended section of the midterm exam:
· Write a PURPOSE section for a lab experiment
· Design a lab PROCEDURE
· Interpret a data table and write a CONCLUSION
SAMPLE #1
Write a purpose and procedure for a lab experiment that will determine if lack of sleep affects the memory making process. Below is a list of supplies that I suggest you include in your design, but you are not limited to what is found on the list (ex. consider what type of people you want to perform the experiment on).
§ alarm clocks
§ beds
§ timers
§ academic tests
SAMPLE #2
Poison ivy is a weed that grows in Connecticut. It synthesizes an oil called urushiol, that causes skin rashes. Researchers have found that if poison ivy grows in an environment that contains an increased concentration of carbon dioxide, the plants grow larger, faster and produce more urushiol. Write a purpose and procedure for a lab experiment that will determine whether poison ivy is affected by air containing higher than normal concentrations of carbon dioxide. Below is a list of supplies that I suggest you include in your design, but you are not limited to what is found on the list.
§ poison ivy seeds
§ soil
§ water
§ light source
SAMPLE #3
Read the information and analyze the data table below. Write a conclusion about this experiment.
Problem Statement: What scent are mealworms attracted to?
Hypothesis: If you expose mealworms to lemon, vanilla and meat scented cotton balls, then most of the mealworms will be attracted to the meat scent.
Procedure:
1. Lay out 4 paper plates and place 1 cotton ball in the center of each plate.
2. Drip 3mL of lemon scented liquid onto one cotton ball. Do the same for the vanilla scented liquid onto the 2nd cotton ball and meat scented liquid onto the 3rd cotton ball. Do nothing to the 4th cotton ball.
3. Place 10 mealworms along the outer rim of each plate.
4. Wait 5 minutes.
5. Count and record how many mealworms are 3cm or closer to each scented cotton ball.
6. Repeat the procedure for a 2nd trail.
MEALWORM ATTATRACTION TO CERTAIN SCENTS# of Meal Worms – Trail 1 / # of Mealworms – Trial 2 / AVERAGE
Lemon / 4 / 6 / 5
Vanilla / 7 / 10 / 8.5
Meat / 3 / 0 / 1.5
Cotton Ball with No Scent / 0 / 0 / 0
SAMPLE #4
Read the information and analyze the data table below. Write a conclusion about this experiment.
Problem Statement: Which color of the visible light spectrum will help plants grow the best?
Hypothesis: If you expose plants to different colors of the visible light spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet), then red light will help plants grow the tallest.
Procedure:
1. Place 6 daisy potted plants into a windowless room (to avoid white light, which is the combination of all visible light waves).
2. Pour 50mL of water into each potted plant.
3. Place each potted plant 30cm underneath a lamp with a colored light bulb (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet).
4. Leave the plants and lamps on, in the room for 7 days.
5. Turn off the lamps.
6. Measure and record the height of each plant.
COLORED LIGHT & THE EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTHRed Light / Orange Light / Yellow Light / Green Light / Blue Light / Violet Light
Plant Growth / 5.0 cm / 1.5 cm / 1.0cm / 0 cm / 3.0cm / 2.0cm
TERMS AND DEFFINITIONS TO KNOW
PROBLEM STATEMENT: A statement that accurately defines the goal(s) of the investigation or question to be answered.
HYPOTHESIS: an educated guess that addresses the problem statement, is testable, and predicts the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV): the variable in an experiment this is purposely changed or manipulated, either in quality or quantity, by the researcher
DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV): the variable in an experiment that changes in response to the independent variable
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP(S):The group or trials in an experiment that receive all the same conditions except varying amounts or qualities of the independent variable
CONTROL GROUP: The group in an experiment that receives the exact treatment as the experimental groups except it does not receive any change of the independent variable. It is the group to which the experimental groups are compared.
CONSTANTS / CONTROLLED VARIABLES: Factors within an experiment that are kept the same (constant) for all groups or trials to ensure that all trials of an investigation were equally impacted by the controlled variables, therefore allowing one to see the impact of the independent variable.
TRIAL:The replication of experimental and control groups; used to decrease the influence of variations associated with the independent variable or researcher measurement error.
QUALITATIVE DATA:Data that describe characteristics of qualities, such as color, odor, or texture, or data that describes category frequency or ratings (ex. flower stem sturdiness is “sturdy” or “somewhat sturdy”).
QUANTITATIVE DATA:Data that use numbers with a unit of measurement (liters, grams, meters, Celsius, minutes etc.)
EXPECTATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE, PROCEDURE & CONCLSUION OF AN EXPERIMENT
PURPOSE SECTION(Write in a bullet point format)
Write the lab’s problem statement.
Identify the independent variable of the experiment.
Identify the dependent variable of the experiment.
Write your hypothesis, use the following format:
“If…[independent variable]…then…[dependent variable]; because…”
Identify the control group of the experiment.
Identify the experimental group(s) of the experiment.
Identify at least 3 controlled variables (constants) used in the experiment.
PROCEDURE SECTION
(List in a numbered sequence)
Make sure your procedure is designed to solve your problem statement.
Write the procedure in a numbered sequence.
Make sure you have enough details & information so another student can repeat the experiment (like a recipe).
Make sure all procedures of the experiment are the same for each group/trial except for the independent and dependent variables.
CONCLUSION SECTION
(Write in paragraph format)
Restate the problem statement (purpose) of your experiment.
Restate your hypothesis.
Explain if the results of the lab support your hypothesis or not.
Reference any qualitative or quantitative data (from the data table) to support your answer above.
Describe the biological process that was observed during the experiment (ex. osmosis). Make a connection from what was learned in class to the experiment.
State whether your experiment was a valid procedure or invalid procedure & explain why.
Do think any modifications need to be made to the experiment? Explain why or why not.
Write two researchable questions that you still have about the experiment that was performed (ex. “This lab made me wonder...”).
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