Human Characteristics Vs. Characteristics of Other Life Forms

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2009
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

Human Life / People / Persons

You have completed an introductory course to Human Anatomy. During the course you noted that there are both commonality and uniqueness of structure between the Primate, Homo sapiens sapiens – (Cadaver) and representative other mammals, the Artiodactyl, Ovis aries (Sheep brain and heart) as well as the Carnivore, Felis silvestris catus, (Domestic cat muscles and viscera). Somehow / at sometime you became aware that you were observing common, similar, as well as unique structural differences between the specimens and that you as a living individual, were utilizing the non-living anatomy experience to prepare for a responsibility to medically treat living organisms. So, the question is………… what is unique about Human life? Is it the same thing to be responsible for the life of a sheep or a cat, as it is to be, responsible for the life of another Human? Health Care, (Human Life Quality Care) as a profession, is an extremely technical as well as accountable responsibility. It’s important that, you know what you know and know what you don’t know as you go forward in your career as a professional. So, here is an abbreviated check-list for you to consider.

FILL IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE: MarkA, for generally and exclusively True of Humans; B, forGenerally True for Humans and Animals; and C,Falsenot generally True of Humans. Provide an answer for Humans only. However, by comparing the potential answers for other types of organisms, onemay come to more defined answers.

Assume in this case that for the example of human = one of at minimum, an average IQ, has successfully and recently completed a HS education in a Developed country, and is physically, emotionally and mentally competent as an adult member of the species.

Human Characteristics vs. Characteristics of Other Life Forms

Attribute / Characteristic / Humans / Animals
Can successfully adapt to their immediate individual environment / 1.B
Aware of the universe and how it operates Aware of how and when, as individuals, that they came to exist as a component in the universe / 2.A
Aware that as individuals, they are a member of a species, social group, population or community / 3.B
Can learn right / correct behavior and the difference between that and wrong / incorrect behavior / 4.B
Are aware of and / or can learn their specific role or purpose within a given social group, population or community / 5.B
Cognizant / reflect / question why as individuals they exist, and what purpose / role they are to play / take / have in the social group, population community in which they find themselves / 6.A
Aware of the birth process in their own species and nurture their own offspring / 7.B

Human Life Characteristics vs. Characteristics of Other Life Forms continued

Aware of their own birth at time of birth / 8.C
Cognizant of their level / standing / priority / rank in their immediate community / social setting / 9.B
Cognizant that as individuals they were born / 10.A
Communicate beyond their generation with other individuals of the same species that are yet to be born / 11.A
Communicate with others of another species / 12.B
Communicate with written language / symbols / 13.B
Create and live and cooperatively behave in social and / or colonial groups / 14.B
Can treat themselves and other species if injured with medical understanding / 15.A
Rely on DNA for differentiation, reproduction success / heredity / 16.B
Sacrifice their own lives for the sake and safety of others outside of their species / 17.C
Development, growth, aging, ability and behavior is regulated by complex hormonal, and nervous system coordination / 18.B

General Anatomy

Layers / Levels of Three

Organ / Structure / Superficial
Outer
Terminal / Integrating
Connecting
Interrmediate / Deep
Inner
Center
General Nerve / Epineurium / 19.Perineurium / 20.Endoneurium
General Muscle / 21.Epimysium / Perimysium / 22.Endomysium
General Bone / 23.Periosteum / 24.Bone / Osteum / Endosteum
Torso Musculature / External Oblique / 25.Internal Oblique / 26.Transverse
27.abdominus
Uterus / 28.Epimetrium / Myometrium / 29.Endometrium
Meninges / 30.Duramater / 31.Arachnoid mater / Pia mater
Stomach Musculature / Longitudinal / 32.Circular / 33.Oblique
Eye / 34.Sclera / Choroid / 35.Retina
Long Bone Structure / 36.Epiphysis / 37.Metaphysis / Diaphyysis

Complete the following statements. Choose from Column VIII.

38.______Divides left from right / laterally but not equally c

39.______Cross-section that divides upper from lower or superior from inferior d

40. ______Separates dorsal form ventral, or anterior from posterior a

41.______Divides the structure at an angle, not perpendicular or parallel e

42.______Divides equilaterally, left from right b

Match the TERM with the DEFINITION.

# / DEFINITION / DESCRIPTION / CODE / TERM
43.__
44.__
45.__
46.__
47.__
48.__
49.__
50.__
51.__
52.__
53.__
54.__
55.__
56.__
57.__
58. /

Away from medial de
Below cd
Chin abd
Divides ant from post e
Divides sup from inf abcde
Elbow abe
Elevated, above normal bd
In the direction of, toward abcd
Lower anterior leg ac
Same, even, balanced ce
Shoulder a
Superior to stomach ae
Thigh bc
Thumb ace

/ AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
ABCDE /

acromial
brachial
buccal
caudal
coronal
cranial
crural
dorsal
epigastric
femoral
hyper
hypo
inferior
iso / homo
lateral
medial
mental
olecranal
phospholipid bi-layer
pollex
popliteal
proximal
saggital
sural
transverse

TissuesFill in the classification table with appropriate examples. See Column XX for choices

Simple / Stratified / Pseudostratified
Columnar / 59. lining of intestine / 60.salivary
Columnar Ciliated / 61.d / 62.nasal, trachea, bronchi
Cuboidal / 63.b / 64.Ac
Squamous / 65. Heart vessels / 66.e
Squamous Keratinized / 67.a
Transitional / 68. ac

Match the COMPONENTS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated.

# / COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION / CODE / SYSTEM NAME
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79. /

arteries and veins A
brain stem and spinal nerves AC
esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus B
fallopian tubes and seminal vesicles AD
kidneys and bladder BD
larynx, pharynx and trachea AE
ligaments, erythrpoeisis and articulations BC
sudoriferous and sebaceous glands and hair D
tendons, actin, myosin, fibrils AB
thyroid, pancreas, ovary, and pituitary C
tonsils, thymus, and spleen E

/ AB.
AC.
AD.
AE.
BC.
BD. /

Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Integuement
Lymphatic / Immune
Muscular
Nervous
Reproductive,
Respiratory
Skeletal
Urinary

MATCHING: Match the term that best fills in the positional relationship.

80.The visceral pleura is ______to the parietal pleura. A
81.The parietal pericardium is ______to the visceral pericardium. B
82.The parietal peritoneum is ______to the Cutaneous membrane A
83.The periosteum is ______to the endosteum. B
84.The mediastinum is ______to the parietal pericardium. B /

Deep
Superficial
Medial
Proximal
Inferior

Complete the following check list. Mark all that apply for each organ. Mark DE for None..

Organ / A
Alveoli / B
Capsule / C
Cortex / D
Hilus / E
Medulla / AB
Septa / AC
Vestibule
85.Maxilla A
86.Brain A B C E
87.Heart AB
88.Inner Ear AC
89.Kidney BCDE
90.Lung D
91.Lymph Node BCDE
92.Testes CDE
93.Thymus CDE

Cells

Table of Cell Junctions / Connections

Mark all codes that apply to these broad functional classes of cell junctions

# / Primary Function / CODE / Choices
94. / Taut, rigid, securing, occluding ACE / A.
B.
C.
D.
E. / Adherens
Gap
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Tight
95. / Anchoring D
96. / Communicative B

Tissues

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Page 1 of 33 BIOL_218_F_2009_FNX_QA_091214.1c.doc

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2009
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

Table of Tissues Classification; Fill in the following tables of histological classification. Resort to alphabetical order if more than one choice is required for a given list in a given level. Use the following lists of choices for your answers.

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Page 1 of 33 BIOL_218_F_2009_FNX_QA_091214.1c.doc

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2008
52999
MTW 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

General Anatomy

Anatomical Membranes

Membrane / Definition / Example / CODE / Choices
Cutaneous / 97. / 98.E / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE / Blood Brain Barrier
Bone Marrow
Capillary apical surface
Encapsulated, self lubricating, weight and stress bearing
Integuement
Lubricating, manages CNS structures
Lubricating, manages flow in and out of body systems
Lubricating, manages movement between organ surfaces
Lubricating, protects internal structures and organs from environment
Myometrium
Non-lubricating, manages bone to muscle connection
Non-lubricating, protects hair shaft
Oropharynx
Patella
Perineurium
Pia mater
Superior articulating facet
Visceral pleura
Meninges / 99. / 100.
Mucous / 101. / 102.
Serous / 103. / 104.
Synovial / 105. / 106.

Integument

1.The most superficial layer of the dermis is the:

A. epidermis.

B. papillary region.

C. reticular region.

D. subcutaneous layer.

2.The root bulb of hair would be found in which layer?

A. epidermis

B. papillary region

C. reticular region

D. subcutaneous layer

E. dermis

3.Functions of the skin include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. regulating body temperature

B. protection from the external environment

C. synthesis of vitamin D

D. regulating blood flow

4. ______are cells that produce the skin pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light.

A. Langerhans cells

B. Merkel cells

C. keratinocytes

D. melanocytes

Table of select Integument Features

Check Box: Mark A for True / Present and B for False / Not present

Definition / Identification / Thick Skin / Thin
Stratum corneum / 107.A
Stratum lucidum / 108.B
Epidermal ridges / 109.B
Dermis / 110.A
Sudifrous glands / 111.A
Stratum basale / 112.A
Creuminous glands / 113.A

Bone

Skeleton

Bone membership Classification; Mark A for Appendicular and B for Axial and C for Accessory to identify the membership of the bone to these classes of the skeletal system. Select Number of bones from Column IX.

# / BONE / Appendicular
A / Axial
B / Axial
Accessory
C / Number In Human Body
114._
115._
116._
117._
118._
119._
120._
121._
122._
123._
124._
125._ / Carpals A
Coccyx B
Ethmoid B
Femur A
Frontal B
Humerus A
Hyoid B
Incus C
Inferior nasal conchae B
Phalanx A
Temporal B
Vomer B / 126._
127._
128._
129._
130._
131._
132._

MATCHING: Match the structure / bone with its corresponding or articulating structure or bone.

# / STRUCTURE / BONE / CODE / CONNECTING / ARTICULATING STRUCTURE / BONE
133._
134._
135._
136._
137._ / Head of femur A
Head of humerus AD
Head of radius C
Distal end of radius DE
Distal end of the fibula ABE / A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE /

Acetabulum
Acromion Of Scapula
Capitulum Of Humerus
Clavicle
Cuneiforms
Femur
Fibula
Glenoid Cavity
Head Of Fibula
Humerus
Ilium
Ischium
Medial Condyle Of Femur
Radius
Scaphoid
Scapula
Sternum
Talus
Tibia
Ulna

Articulations

Complete the following Table of Joint Classification. Choose from Column I General Anatomy

Common Name for Joint / Structural Class / Functional Class / Specific Type
Example: Intervertebral Discs / Cartilaginous / Amphiarthrotic / Synovial
Lambdoidal Suture / Fibrous ae / 138.Synarthrotic bcd / Suture
Tooth / Fibrous / Synarthrotic / Gomphosis
Tibia Fibula / Fibrous ae / 139.Amphiarthrotic a / Syndesmosis
L / R Pubic Bones / Cartilaginous / Amphiarthrotic / Symphysis
Knee / Synovial / 140.Synovial abcd / Hinge
Vertebral Articulating Facets / Synovial / Synovial abcd / Planar

Fill In the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement. Choose from Column IIIGeneral Anatomy

TERM / Definition
Extension ad / 141.Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagital plane
Adduction b / Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline
Dorsiflexion e / 142.Movement of the dorsum of the foot superiorly, movement in walking or running
Pronation de / Movement that turns the palmar surface posteriorly
Abduction a / 143.Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline
Circumduction c / 144.Circles in the air with your arms
Depression d / “Oh no! drop your jaw
Muscles

Fill In the following table for muscle tissues. Choose from Column IV

5.The neuromuscular junction AC______is a specialized region / location on the sarcolemma that is responsible for transmitting the nerve impulse from the nerve axon

IndicateA for True or B for False for the following Table of Muscles

Muscle / Member of Rotator Cuff
Group
Biceps brachii / 145.b
Subscapularis / 146.a
Biceps femoris / 147.b
Infraspinatus / 148.a

Fill in the following table for muscle structure and function. Place A for True and B for False

Attribute / Cardiac / Smooth / Skeletal
Voluntary Control / 149.B
Self rhythmic / 150.B
Present in walls of blood vessels / 151.A
Can have agonist vs antagonist functions / relations / 152.B
Sarcomeres arranged end to end / 153.B

GENERAL MUSCLE STRUCTURAL ANATOMICAL IDENTIFICATION Choose from Column IV General Anatomy.

154.Name this structure # fascicle ad

155.Name this membrane $ perimysium abc

156.Name this membrane & endomysium e

157.Name this structure ? myofilament bd

Replace with STRIATIONS Band Histology

Cardiovascular

Complete each sentence. Choose from Column V General Anatomy.

158.Atrioventricular node is located in the ______inter vetn septum ab

159.The heart is located in a central thoracic region called the ______:bc

160.The portion of the heart's “wrapper” that anchors the heart in place is the: be

161.The superior and inferior vena cavae deliver blood to which chamber of the heart? acd

162.Which collection of autorhythmic cells in the heart normally serves as the heart's pacemaker? ade

163.The right and left coronary arteries branch from which blood vessel? a

Lymphatic / Immune System

Complete the following Table By placing a check mark: identify which organs and / or structures are considered Primary (A) or Secondary (B) or NA (C)relevant for the Lymphatic / Immune system.

Organ / Structure / A
Primary / B
Secondary / C
NA
164.Lymph Nodes / B
165.Pancreas / C
166.Red bone marrow / A
167.Spleen / B
168.Thymus / A
169.Tonsils / B

6.Lymph flows in one direction – toward the heart. What keeps the lymph from flowing backwards out of the lymph capillaries?

A. The pressure is never greater inside the lymph capillaries than outside.

B. Overlapping endothelial cells in lymph capillaries form a one-way opening.

C. The presence of plasma proteins maintains a pulling force on the lymph.

D. The heart pumps fluid through the lymph capillaries in one dire

Nervous System

Complete the following Table A for Yes or True, B for No or False. The following classes of neurons innervate which of the effector organs.

Glands / Cardiac Muscle / Skeletal Muscle / Smooth Muscle
SNS / 170.B / 171. / 172.A / 173.B
ANS / 174.A / 175.A / 176. / 177.A

Fill in the following Table for Brain Anatomy & Functional Classification. The format is anatomically superior to inferior. Use the alphabetic CODE corresponding from Nervous System Table of Choices.

Major Division / Minor Division / Function
Choose fromColumn XNervous System
Cerebrum / Consciousness, Thinking BD
Diencephalons D / Regulation and Control
Epithalamus E / 178.___Pineal Gland and Melatonin secretion BC
Thalamus / 179.___Coordinates all sensory input to cerebral cortex AD
Subthalamus CE / Coordinates body movement and produces dopamine E
Hypothalamus AC / 180.Hormonal and homeostatic master control AE
Cerebellum B / Refines skilled body movement, maintains equilibrium and balance CD
Brain Stem A / High Level of Integration and Distribution
Midbrain / Mesencephalon AE / 181.___Integrates motor and sensory from / to spinal cord, pons, cerebral cortex and awareness of visual and auditory stimuli A
Pons / Lateral coordination in cerebral hemispheres and to / from integration with medulla and midbrain, respiration CD
Medulla Oblongata / 182.___Cross-over relay of sensory information to thalamus, brain stem AB
Spinal Cord
White matter ABD / 183.Ascending and descending tracts for nerve impulses
Gray Matter AB / Cell bodies and synapses clusters CE

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Page 1 of 32 BIOL 218 F 2008 FNX QA 081215.3

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2008
52999
MTW 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

Complete the following Table of Cranial Nerves. List the alphabetic letter indicated for Choices.

Nerve / ROM. Num. / Region (s) of Innervations / Principal Function / Primary
Sensory / Motor / Both / CODE / CHOICES
Abducens / V1 AB / Eye and pons / eye movement and proprioception / Motor / A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AB.
AC.
AD.
AE.
BC.
BD.
BE. / I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Accessory / 184.X1 BD / Pharynx, larynx, palate / swallowing, proprioception, head and neck movement / Motor
Facial / V11 AC / Tongue, face scalp, neck / taste, propioception, movement, lacrimation, salivation BC / Mixed
Glosso-pharyngeal / 185.1X AE / Tongue, neck, carotids, parotids / taste, swallowing, baroception, chemception / salivation / Mixed
Hypoglossal / X11 BE / Tongue, medulla / swallowing, speech / Motor
Oculomotor / 186.11I C / Eye / eye movement / Motor
Olfactory / 1 A / Olfactory bulbs / smell / Sensory
Optic / 187.11 B / Retina / vision / Sensory
Trigeminal / V E / Eye, nose, scalp / pain, pressure, touch, and Nose, eyelid, teeth, lip, pain, pressure, touch, and Mouth tongue, head, mucosa, / pain, pressure, touch / Mixed
Trochlear / 188.1V D / Eye and Midbrain / eye movement and proprioception / Motor
Vagus / X BC / Head, neck, throat, thorax, viscera, heart, GI, gallbladder, intestines / proprioception autonomic NS / Mixed
Vestibulocochlear / 189.V111 AD / Ear and cochlea / hearing and equilibrium CD / Sensory

Page 1 of 33 BIOL 218 F 2008 FNX QA 081215.3

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2008
52999
MTW 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

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Page 1 of 33 BIOL 218 F 2008 FNX QA 081215.3

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2008
52999
MTW 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

Respiratory System
Anatomical Order of Air Flow / Anatomical Choices
190.____C
191._____D
192.______A
193.______B
194.______E /

laryngopharynx
larynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
trachea

Digestive System

Trace the flow of food anatomically correct order of in the GI tract. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart.

7.Anatomical Flow of food / Anatomical Choices
195.____d
196._____ac
197.______ab
198.______a
199.______ad
200.______e
201.______b / Acardia
Bceacum
Cesophagus
Dglossus
Ejejunum
AB laryngopharynx
AC oropharynx
AD pyloris
AD pancreas

Reproductive System

Process / CODE / Definition / Function
202.Granulosa Cells C
203.Oogenesis A
204.Ovulation AB
205.Sertoli Cells C
206.Spermatogenesis A
207.Spermiation AB / A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AB. / Formation of gamete
Maturation of gamete
Nurture / maintain . support maturing gamete
Produces estrogen
Produces testerone
Release of mature gamete

Endocrinology

Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.

# / Hormone / CODE / Endocrine Organ
208.
209.
210.
211.
212. /

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone B

Aldosterone A

FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone B
Norepinephrine A
Melanocyte -stimulating hormone B

/ A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD / Adrenal Gland
Anterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid Gland
Pineal Gland
Posterior Pituitary
Teste
Thymus
Thyroid Gland
Several of the above
None of the above

Urinary System

Trace the FORMATION of urine from its beginning as plasma.

Anatomical Order of Urine Formation / CODE / Structure Choices
Plasma in the afferent arteriole
213.Plasma in the capillary bed of the glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule Glomerular space
214. ____BC PROX CON TBL
DESC LOH
ASC LOH
215.______AC Distal Convol Tubules
Collecting Duct
216.______Papillary Duct CE
Renal Papilla BE
217._____ Minor Calyx BD
Major calyx BE
RENAL PELVIS
Bladder
218.URETER CE
219.Urethra DE / A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
BC
BD
BE.
CD.
CE.
DE. / Arcuate artery
Ascending Loop of Henle
Bladder
Bowmans capsule
Collecting Duct
Descending Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Efferent arteriole
Fenestrated epthelium
Glomerulus
Macula Densa
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Papillary duct
Podocytes
Proximal convoluted tubule
Renal papilla
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urethra

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