BRIDGE
Lesson 4
Main Text: CDI Collection of Academic Essays B
Skimming:
Athens was not considered a true democracy because a citizen had to have numerous slaves performing the menial work to be considered free.Women were subjected to legal disabilities and could neither attend the Assembly nor vote.
In almost all Western societies man has held a privileged legal position, which he has not altogether lost even to this day.
Scanning:
1. In order to be free, a citizen had to have numerous slaves
2. a. They had legal disabilities
3. F
4. a. They were considered free.
5. The Legal Rights of the Citizens of Athens
Comprehension Check
1. c. The mountains of the Hawaiian Islands
2. Haleakala.
3. Mauna Kea
4. b. Even in summer, there is snow on the summit of some high mountains there
5. C
6. F.
7. b
Skimming:
- The most dominant yet least noticed feature of the Hawaiian Islands is the mountains.
- Hawaii has the biggest dormant volcano, the most active volcano, and the highest mountain in the world when measured from its base.
- Owing to some high mountains, one can experience both winter and summer in Hawaii on the same day.
- You should not overlook the mountains if you want to enjoy the whole picture of Hawaii.
Summary
The most dominant yet least noticed feature of the Hawaiian Islands is the mountains. For example, Hawaii has the biggest dormant volcano, the most active volcano, and the highest mountain in the world when measured from its base. Owing to some high mountains, one can experience both winter and summer in Hawaii on the same day. Thus, you should not overlook the mountains if you want to enjoy the whole picture of Hawaii.
Words & Expressions
1. worth
2. vote
3. altogether
4. possess
5. exceeding
1. view
2. is surrounded by
3. measure
4. feature
5. containing
6. transport
7. foot
8. tropical
9. locals
10. climates
CDI Generative Chunks
1. The image that often comes to mind when people think of Ireland is a country of green hills.
2. The most outstanding yet least recognized feature of the Hawaiian Islands is the mountains.
3. The Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney houses the most extensive Aboriginal collection in the country.
4. People may expect that humidity levels are relatively high on islands.
5. It is not unusual for taxis to pick up additional passengers.
6. Halle could see snow at the mountain top and flowers at the foot of the mountain.
7. In recent movies, the stories have often taken a back seat to the special effects.
8. You should not overlook the beautiful islands when you visit Vietnam.
9. Don’t forget to take not only your sun cream but also your sunglasses when you go to the beach.
10. You may soon find yourself in the middle of a traffic jam when you go downtown.
Signature Reading Level D:
Strategy Follow-up (page 168)
Sample Summary:While Father is looking for the boat, four men ride up to Tommy. They want to search his wagon for runaway slaves. Tommy tells them he is running away because he doesn’t want to get a licking. The marshal believes Tommy, and the men ride away.
Father appears with the boat and rows the slaves to the next station. Tommy goes home and waits. When Father gets home, he and Tommy share their feelings about slavery and the law. Tommy hopes Big Jeff and his family make it to freedom. Out his window, he sees the drinking gourd.
Vocabulary Check
1. c 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b
Strategy Check
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c
Comprehension Check
1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c
Signature Reading Level D Workbook
1. fuss
2. property
3. licking
4. bobbed
5. settled
Word Families
1. imaginary / Imagine / imagination / imaginative
2. obedience / obediently / obey / obedient
3. recognizable / recognize / recognition
4. difference / differently / differ / different
Generative Chunks
1. There’s a prize for winners.
2. Jack wouldn’t find the cookies hidden in that box, would he?
3. Lisa won’t sing anything but carols all year long.
4. Next time you go swimming, tell your brother to pack you a lunch
5. The two girls had to walk across to the next town in the rain.
6. It was dawn when Phil returned home.
7. Ruby stayed up, waiting for Rachel to come home.
8. I believe in following the rules.
9. John thinks he was wrong to help Sal run away.
10. Nora lay in bed, wondering about Sam and the others. (wonder, Sam)
Organization
* The marshal thinks that he is chasing the wrong wagon and rides away with his men, telling Tommy to go home.
* Tommy’s father comes out of the shadows and tells Tommy that he did just fine.
* Tommy’s father rows the boat over the river to lead the runaways to the next station.
* After getting home, Tommy tells his mother what happened that day.
* Tommy’s father comes home and explains to Tommy why he can’t obey the law.
PAR
Answer Key to Ch. 2, CDI Interactive Reading 1-a
[Reading Skills]
Exercise 1
1. 1 2. 2
Exercise 2
2. Residents at Athens, Texas claim, however, that Fletcher Davis made the first hamburger at his café in the 1880s and brought his invention to the St. Louis World’s fair in 1904.
3. But, the citizens of Seymore, Wisconsin argue that it was 15-year-old Charlie Nagreen who invented the hamburger at a local fair in 1885.
Exercise 3
Going on a vacation takes a lot of planning
Transportation Place to sleep (lodging) What to eat
Airplane itinerary Trying a home stay Trying a local restaurant
Local transportation (buses, trains, taxis) Staying at a hotel Tasting street vendor food
Exercise 4
The 2nd paragraph
Topic sentence:
In ancient Egypt, a complicated system of hundreds of picture signs developed around 3000 B.C.
Major detail 1:
Originally these picture signs, called hieroglyphs, were created to decorate the temples for Egyptian gods and the tombs of powerful figures including pharaohs.
Major detail 2:
Though individual signs in hieroglyphics could stand for either syllables or words, there were no vowels in this system.
The 3rd paragraph
Topic sentence:
Unlike the Egyptian hieroglyphics that employed pictures, the North Semitic systems, which originated in the East Mediterranean region between 1700 and 1500 B.C., were the first alphabet to use letters.
Major detail:
The North Semitic language no longer depended entirely on pictorial representation.
Minor detail: (NOTE—This may look like another major detail at first, but read the Teacher’s Guide!)
Of all the North Semitic alphabet systems, however, the most influential was the Phoenician.
The topic sentence of the whole passage:
To understand the origin and the evolution of the Roman alphabet, we need to take a long journey back to the past.
[Comprehension Check]
1. invented / refined
2. d
3. the North Semitic systems
4. a
5. the fact that the Phoenician system contained more consonants than the Greeks needed
6. Romans
7. F
[Paraphrasing]
1. b 2. a 3. b
[Post-Reading Grammar]
Exercise 1
1. need 2. stand 3. begins 4. is sleeping
5. contains 6. consists 7. is writing
8. are developing 9. wear 10. is inventing
Exercise 2
1. study / are learning / interests / am concentrating
2. is raining / turn / like / am eating / see
Exercise 3
1. A 2. A 3. V 4. A 5. V
[Post-Reading Vocabulary]
Exercise 1
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. d / b 5. b 6. d 7. b 8. d
Exercise 2
1. exotic 2. differentiated 3. ancestor 4. refine
5. influential 6. inscription 7. derived 8. despite
Exercise 3
1. refined 2. differentiated 3. Despite 4. derived
5. ancestor 6. inscription 7. exotic 8. influential
Exercise 4
1. evolution 2. modify 3. bearable
4. contribute 5. departure 6. motivate
7. controversy 8. convert 9. sorrow 10. represent
Exercise 5
1. a. derive b. derivation c. derivative
2. a. refines b. refined c. refinement
3. a. influence b. influence c. influential
4. a. representative b. represent c. representative
5. a. convertible b. convert c. conversion
The Interactive Reader Plus Gr. 7
Words & Expressions
1. got caught up in
2. swaying
3. inspected
4. loomed
Chung Dahm Institute
IE Albatross Reading: Building Strategies for College Reading ______
Comprehension & Appreciation
1. Because it was so close (The closer the radio signal transmission, the clearer and more audible the sound.)
2. Seven
3. They did not take it seriously and still thought the ship was unsinkable.
4. The Titanic could only handle the first four compartments flooded, but water was pouring into five compartments. This would lead to a chain reaction of water spilling into the other compartments
5. an hour and a half at the most
6. First CQD and then SOS
CDI Generative Chunks
1. Liz and Jason were caught up in sending out a large number of party invitations.
2. Emily thought it was a novelty to have British-style tea with grown-ups.
3. Jared was quite pleased with himself at having bought a house at such a low price.
4. The assistant posted the note on the bulletin board for other employees to read.
5. The two women started up a conversation and chatted together for an hour or so.
6. The leader ordered the soldiers to keep a sharp watch for spies.
7. The man actually brushed off the urgently repeated warning of the police.
8. In the unusual silence, Huck couldn’t help thinking that something was quite wrong.
9. Dorothy was about to walk out the door when she heard frantic barking.
10. The sudden crash and tremors had sent the shoppers fleeing for safety.
BIRDIE
Answer Key to Ch. 2, CDI Interactive Reading 2-a
[Reading Skills]
Exercise 1
1. Topic: brains
2. Thesis Statement: Not all animal brains are as large or as complicated as the human brain.
3. Major detail
1: The brains of primitive vertebrates are much smaller than the human brain, and they are tube-like in shape.
Major detail 3: Humans have an extremely large cerebrum.
4. Major detail 1: The brains of primitive vertebrates are much smaller than the human brain and are tube-like in shape.
minor detail: These tube-like brains have three parts of about equal size: the forebrain, the midbrain, the hindbrain.
minor detail (to Major detail 2): The forebrain is greatly developed in mammals, esp. the cerebrum.
Major detail 3: Humans have an extremely large cerebrum.
minor detail 1: The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres.
minor detail 2: The cerebrum is the largest and one of the most important parts of the brain, but there are other parts to the brain that carry out other important functions for the body.
Exercise 2
Thesis Statement: Philosophers and scientists have had many different ideas about the mind and the body.
Major detail 1: Various philosophers have had different opinions about the mind and the body.
minor detail 1: Dualists believe that both the mind and the body exist.
minor detail 2: Materialists believe that only matter exists and that the mind is an illusion.
Major detail 2: From the Greek times to the 19th century, philosophers and scientists tried to decide where the mind was located in the human body.
minor detail 2: Hippocrates said the mind was in the brain.
minor detail 3: Galen thought that the brain fluid contained the mind.
minor detail 4: Phrenologists in the 19th century believed that different mind functions were located in different parts of the brain
Major detail 3: Modern scientists believe that the mind and the brain are connected, or that possibly the mind is the result of what the brain does.
minor detail 2: Scientists have been investigating the different functions of the right and left cerebral hemispheres for some time.
minor-minor detail 1: One way to study these functions is to inject a person with a chemical called DG that contains radioactive oxygen
minor-minor detail 2: Electric stimulation of the brain can also show that the brain has different areas.
minor detail 3: Although brain areas appear to be specialized, the brain acts as a whole in many ways.
[Comprehension Check]
1. F 2. b 3. c 4. T
5. because the DG concentrates in the areas of the brain that are working then 6. Electric stimulation
7. (the fact) that large sections of the brain can be surgically removed without much permanent damage to the mind of the individual
[Paraphrasing]
1. b 2. c 3. d
[Post-Reading Grammar]
Exercise 1
1. yet 2. because 3. While
4. Therefore 5. Due to
Exercise 2
1. such 2. so that 3. Though
4. On the other hand 5. unless
Exercise 3
1. Even though / because 2. On the contrary / Therefore
Exercise 4
1. The new English teacher is such a nice person.
(Or: The new English teacher is so nice a person.)
2. Erica failed the test even though she spent so much time studying.
3. I couldn’t use the pay phone, because I didn’t have any coins with me.
4. While I want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my friend wants to fly to Korea.
(Or: While I want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my friend wants to fly to Korea.)
5. Jessica doesn’t do well in school because of her inability to concentrate on any one thing.
6. Today most margarine is made of vegetable oils. However, originally it was made from animal fats.
7. You should learn how to change a tire on your car so that you can handle an emergency situation.
8. The Northern Hemisphere has mostly westerly winds despite the rotation of the earth toward the east.
9. I have to go to the meeting whether I want to or not.
10. CORRECT SENTENCE
[Post-Reading Vocabulary]
Exercise 1
1. c 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. b