Taking “Smart” Notes
R = Read the Paragraph
Listen to the Lecture.
A = Ask Questions as you read
•What's it about?
(Topic/Table of Contents)
•What is the author/lecturer saying
About the Topic? (MI/FIRES)
P =Put it in your own words using
SKRAWL2
T = Test Yourself
SKRAWL2
Subordinate ideas.
Key words only
Record what’s important
Abbreviate
Write legibly
Leave white space
Label your notes
HUG: Marking Your Text
H = Highlight main ideas
•
•
•
•
U = Underline details
•
•
•
•
G = Gloss: write your own words
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•
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Context Clues - Sample Test Items
Mayo Reading: Vocabulary
1.After the student heard that the test would be today, she lowmelded in dismay.
lowmelded might mean: groaned, cried, screamed
The kind of clue is experience
2.When he walked out into the garage and saw the flat tire on his car, he knew he would be late. He threw his lunch on the ground, kicked the tire, and alphened.
alphened might mean: cursed, swore, yelled, left
The kind of clue is summary
3.The big bully, or chleninc, bopped the nine-year-old and stole his lunch money.
chleninc might mean: bully, meanie, mean person
The kind of clue is restatement/synonym
4.While some people were glad to see the alien space ship land in the parking lot, others were jergestled.
jergestled might mean: dismayed, upset, nervous
The kind of clue is compare/contrast
5.After she wrolicked, she went back to bed and waited to feel better.
wrolicked might mean vomited, ate, called in, took medicine
The kind of clue is inference
Context Clues - Sample Test Items
Mayo Reading: Vocabulary
1.After the student heard that the test would be today, she lowmelded in dismay.
lowmelded might mean:
The kind of clue is
2.When he walked out into the garage and saw the flat tire on his car, he knew he would be late. He threw his lunch on the ground, kicked the tire, and alphened.
alphened might mean:
The kind of clue is
3.The big bully, or chleninc, bopped the nine-year-old and stole his lunch money.
chleninc might mean:
The kind of clue is
4.While some people were glad to see the alien space ship land in the parking lot, others were jergestled.
jergestled might mean:
The kind of clue is
5.After she wrolicked, she went back to bed and waited to feel better.
wrolicked might mean
The kind of clue is
CONTEXT CLUES TEST
Name:DATE: HOUR
Write the meaning of the underlined word. Then write the type of clue that you used to figure out the word's meaning. Each clue type is used only once. Use the clues from this list:
compare/contrastfamiliar expressionsummary
direct explanationinferencesynonym or restatement
experiencemood/tonewords in a series
explanation through example
You may use a clue type more than one time. Each clue will be used at least one time.
1. My porlxxma, or embarrassment, caused me to hide from the rest of the children.
Type of clue
2. He went after the man with twqbnml when he discovered the man had raped and murdered his daughter.
Type of clue
3. The first part of the journey was fairly easy, but the second part was cvgthjl and tiring.
Type of clue
4. The man bought the gun because he was an aggressor, a hunter, a uytlbhfe.
Type of clue
5. If you want to say something is ghiffle, you say it is way good.
Type of clue
6. He wanted his children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren to enjoy the land. In short, he wanted the land to be saved for seddigif
Type of clue
7. Atticus gave hard evidence that Tom Robinson could not have raped Mayella Ewell. Yet, he didn't expect the jury to puyrrtlxz Tom because Tom was black.
Type of clue
8. His speech was fdghhjm -- short and to the point.
Type of clue
Context Clues QuizPage 2
compare/contrastfamiliar expressionsummary
direct explanationinferencesynonym or restatement
experiencemood/tonewords in a series
explanation through example
9. The woman had an swqrtynb, a desire she could not control, for exercise.
Type of clue
10. He was plkjjmed when he realized his report card would contain straight A's.
Type of clue
11. I walked carefully down the steep, mopelous, trail.
Type of clue
12. She yawned tiredly, rubbed her eyes, and re-opened her pomition.
Type of clue
13. The yellow flower was the only bloom visible amidst the desert knibs.
Type of clue
14. The long, sad, shandly cry echoed in the forest.
Type of clue
15. The loud antrod, or explosion, awakened everyone at midnight.
Type of clue
RSS Teacher Pages1
Why Study Patterns of Organization?
- You can improve your comprehension.
- You can improve your rate.
- You can skim more efficiently.
- You know when and how to vary your rate.
- You can preview the article, identify the pattern, and improve your speed and comprehension.
- You learn to separate main ideas and details.
- You can distinguish whether information is informative or persuasive.
- Your brain remembers organized information better.
- You can focus your reading by looking for specific types of information.
- You can discover the author’s purpose
- You can take better notes.
- You can identify key words.
- You can answer questions more efficiently.
- You will be able to answer questions more completely.
- You are better able to prepare for tests.
- You can organizer your thoughts so that you write better summaries.
- You can become a better writer.
- You can apply these patterns to your other classes and improve comprehension in all classes.
- Pretty much all nonfiction is organized into seven patterns:
- INFORMATIVE: Cause/Effect, Compare/Contrast, Topical, Chronological, Technical
- PERSUASIVE: Problem/Solution, Thesis/Proof, Opinion/Reason
RAPT Notes SheetName: Barrett - Key
Subject: Why Study PatternsDATE: Page:
R = Read the paragraph/Listen to the lecture.
A = Ask questions.
•What's it about? (Topic/Table of Contents)
•What is the author/lecturer saying about the topic? (MI/FIRES)
P =Put it in your own words using SKRAWL2
T = Test yourself
TOPIC/Table of Contents(What's it about?) / MI/FIRES (Facts, Incidents, Reasons, Examples/Evidence, Statistics)
(What is the author/lecturer saying about the topic?)
Why Study Patterns
of Org
Rate 1. comprehension
2. rate
3. skim efficiently
4. know when/how to vary rate
5. preview text; ID pattern = speed and comp
MI/details 6. ID pattern as Inform OR Persuasive
7. separate MI/detailsr
8. brain – remembers org. info. better
focus 9. focus by looking for spec. info
10. discover author’s purpose
11. take better notes
12. identify key words
13. answer Qs efficiently
14. answer Qs completely
tests 15. better prepare for tests
writing 16. org thoughts & summarize
17. become better writer
Subject: Why Study Patterns? Date: Page: 2
TOPIC/Table of Contents(What's it about?) / MI/FIRES (Facts, Incidents, Reasons, Examples/Evidence, Statistics)
(What is the author/lecturer saying about the topic?)
Other classes 18. read/comprehend in all classes
19. Patterns everywhere:
Purpose & Pattern:
Inform INFORMATIVE:
Cause/Effect
Compare/Contrast
Chronological
Topical
Technical
Persuade PERSUASIVE
Problem/solution
Thesis/Proof
Opinion/Reason
RSS Teacher Pages1
RSS Logical Errors
FALLACY / DEFINITION / EXAMPLE1.
Faulty Analogy ** / compare two things that are not really alike / Teaching teens about sex and birth control is like taking an alcoholic into a bar.
(NOT a simile "like a rock")
2.
Ad Hominem **
"to the man"
(Name Calling) / attack your opponent, not your opponent's argument / "I am pleased USA Today recognized some Republican leaders in Congress for what they really are -- hatchet men."
3.
Misuse of Humor ** / funny at first, but then deeply critical / "At first I thought your cover was just a picture of a bovine transvestite. Then it struck me: a bull in a wedding gown -- why, it must be Dennis Rodman." Herbert B. Fox
4.
Ad Populum **
"to the people" / appeal to emotions of the reader / Positive:
use of words such as "God", “liberty” "America," “fundamental rights”
In ads: babies, baby pets, families, flags
Negative: "communism" "radical"
MS Persuasive Devices/Logical Errors
FALLACY / DEFINITION / EXAMPLE5.
False Authority** / use quotes or information from a person who is not an expert / Kirby Puckett says buy Anderson windows and then gives technical information on low-e gas.
6.
Appeal to Pity ** / tug on the heart strings but gives no facts / "I honestly never thought that it could happen to me, or to one of my friends, and never, ever, did I picture myself, along with hundreds of others, attending the funeral of a 17-year-old victim." Post-Bulletin 4/24/99 p. 13A
7.
Snob Appeal ** / use/believe this and you'll be like the rich, famous, beautiful / Brittney Spears w/milk mustache.
Tiger Woods driving a Buick van.
8.
Bandwagon** / everyone is doing it; everyone believes it / “Everyone else gets a car when they turn 16!”
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RSS Teacher Pages1
RSS Fallacies Worksheet – Answer Key
NAME: DATE: HOUR:
Write the name of the fallacy that is illustrated by each of the following quotes. Be prepared to explain why you think the quote is an example of the fallacy you have chosen.
1.Star Tribune 8/11/96
"But computer power has grown tremendously since the shuttle was designed in the 1970's. Engineers now dream of doing away not only with pilots but, in more pedestrian forms of transportation, with train engineers, subway drivers and perhaps even motorists.
"We used to have elevator operators and we don't have them anymore," said John Logsdon. "To be simplistic about it, the shuttle will be like an elevator to the space station."
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
2.Post Bulletin 1/18/99 p. 7A
"John A. Sutter may have been one of the founders of modern California, but he was also an 'immoral man, a sexual predator, a rapist and an enslaver of Native Californians,' according to local historian Jack Forbes, who persuaded the city council this month to change the name of Sutter Place to Shasta Way." Steve Gelssinger
Fallacy:Ad HominemFalse Authority
3.Post Bulletin 1/6/99 p. 11A
"Clinton has forever degraded the office, showing his underwear on TV, renting the Lincoln bedroom, and questionable contributions. " Burt Plehal
Fallacy:Ad Hominem
4.Seventeen Oct. 1998 p. 101
"Alvie lives in a tiny shack in the Philippines. In the rainy season, water comes right in through the flimsy roof....so she almost always has a cold. She needs medical care, the chance for a good education and nourishing food.
"Find about how you can get to know and really help a precious child like Alvie."
Fallacy:Appeal to Pity
5.Newsweek 12/28/98 / 1/4/99 p. 45
Wisam Ahmen Obeyd, at the hospital to visit his ailing mother, sat on the floor, his legs heavily bandaged after having been cut by flying glass. "They can't have any value for human lives," he said of the Americans. "They don't even know God."
Fallacy:Appeal to PityAd Populum
6.Post Bulletin1/8/99 P. 11A
"I am sure that if you ask everyone in Rochesterif they wanted the Peace Plaza to be given over to private businesses they would all say no." Sara Schmeichel
Fallacy:BandwagonFalse Authority
7.People 11/2/98 p. 58
"They emerge bleary-eyed from the blackness of the manhole into the sharp noonday light, filthy and crying, the stench of the underground with them. Rubbing their eyes with dirty hands, they survey the garbage-filled streetscape. These are not prisoners of war or even shell-shocked refugees. They are just a few of the up to 5,000 orphaned or abandoned children who now make their home on the streets of Romania."
Fallacy:Appeal to Pity
8.Post Bulletin 12/21/98 p. 13A
"because they genuinely hate the president. They think he's a dishonest, immoral, issue-stealing, selfish, child of the 60's."
Fallacy:Ad Hominem
9.Seventeen 2/99 p. 139
"Stronger, Thicker, Longer HAIR in just 5 to 7 days!
"Now, you too can have easy-to-manage, magnificent, full-flowing tresses. Amazing HAIR BEAUTY formula, developed through scientific research...."
Fallacy:Snob Appeal
10.Newsweek 8/17/98 p. 21
A news report linked President Jefferson's DNA to a child born to a slave. A cartoon shows the four presidents carved in stone at Mount Rushmore. All of the president have staring eyes and shocked expressions. Washington is saying, "Yeah, Thank God they don't have my DNA either!"
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
11.Newsweek 1/12/99 p. 19
"Allowing Reform rabbis to perform conversions is like allowing garage mechanics to perform conversions." Rabbi Avraham Ravitz, an Orthodox member of Israel's Parliament, on a court decision recognizing conversions performed by non-Orthodox movements.
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
12.Post Bulletin 1/12/99 p. 11A
"Yes, as a Christian, I felt cheap. Some will say this is real life. God help America if those words are entertaining." Claston E. Bond
Fallacy:Ad Populum
13.Post Bulletin" 12/28/98 p. 9A
"Do you want to make one person happy? We are asking the person who picked up our daughter's jacket to please turn it in to the Apache Mall. Our daughter has five small children and could really use her jacket in this cold weather. Only you can make her very happy and warm by returning her jacket." Janice Karls
Fallacy:Appeal to Pity OR Ad Populum
14.Post Bulletin 1/4/99 p. 6A
Censure of the president "would be like a band-aid on a cancer." Burt Plehal
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
15.Post Bulletin 1/4/99 p. 9A
"Clinton is a liar, a thief, and dishonorable." Michael J. Jump
Fallacy:Ad Hominem
16.Newsweek April 10, 1998
"Cancer. It's a war."
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
17.from an ad in Newsweek Sept. 1998, p. 38
"Life insurance isn't for the people who die. It's for the people who live." The ad shows a young child playing with fish in a fishbowl and contains no other text.
Fallacy:Appeal to Pity OR Ad Populum
18.from an ad in Shape October 1998 p. 62
Introducing a new Hershey's Nugget flavor, Milk chocolate with Toffee & Almonds. Because everyone likes a little variety."
Fallacy:Bandwagon
19.U. S. Weekend January 1 to 3, 1999
"Why the female brain is like a Swiss army knife"
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
20.Post Bulletin 1/3/99 p. 11A
Of Kvenvold, council member Mack Evans said: 'At 3 percent, we're getting a bargain. He is the equivalent of the Kmart blue-light special.' "
Fallacy:Misuse of HumorFaulty Analogy
21.Newsweek October 18, 1998 p. 87
"Guess what everyone wants for Christmas? Redeemable for movies games, music and more, Blockbuster Giftcards are the perfect holiday gift."
Fallacy:Bandwagon
22.John Travolta says, "I took the first courses [in Scientology] in 1975, and they changed my life."
FALLACY: Snob Appeal
23.Post Bulletin January 1999
An editorial Cartoon by Ed Fischer shows the '98-'99 Final Game of the NBA (National Basketball Association) season. The score is NBA Basketball 0; Greed 100.
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
24.Time November 1998 p. 45
"Money Talks. And it's saying the biggest banks use Lotus."
Fallacy:Bandwagon OR Snob Appeal
25.USA Today 12/18/98 p. 26A
"I am pleased USA Today recognized some Republican leaders in Congress for what they really are -- hatchet men." Jack Puder
Fallacy:Ad Hominem
26.Newsweek 5/18/98 p. 5
"It's very disappointing and hurtful. How come nobody ever thought I had an affair with anyone?" Former first LadyBarbara Bush, joking about Washington scandals.
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
27.Time July, 1997
"Yes, there is a heaven. We create it every day when we protect a child, help an adult and revere our home, the earth." George Erickson
Fallacy:Ad Populum
28.Newsweek 12/7/98 p. 6
Clinton is talking to one of his aides and asks, "Wow! Who's the babe on the cover of Vogue?" The aide answers, "Your wife."
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
29.Sports Illustrated 12/7/98 p. 34
"He took their interest as a sign from God. Of course, Cunningham takes it as a sign from God when he can find a parking place without driving around the block."
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
30.Post Bulletin 2/13/98 p. A11
"Share your heart with a homeless animal by joining Paws & Claws Guardian Angel Program. For a small amount every month, you can become a guardian angel to a homeless animal." Marsha Gumbusky
Fallacy:Appeal to Pity
31.Newsweek 5/18/98 p. 18
"I like to compare the stock market to Wile E. Coyote. In his cockamamie schemes to catch the Roadrunner, he'll occasionally sail off a cliff and comically hover aloft until he becomes aware that there's nothing between him and the canyon floor but half a mile of dead air. The moment he chances to look down, gravity takes over. By every yardstick ever invented, the stock market is at frighteningly overheated valuations. But it doesn't know it yet. When it finds it out .... well you get the picture." Gary Garshfield
Fallacy:Faulty Analogy
32.Newsweek 5/18/98 p. 18
"At first I thought your cover was just a picture of a bovine transvestite. Then it struck me: a bull in a wedding gown -- why, it must be Dennis Rodman." Herbert B. Fox
Fallacy:Misuse of Humor
33."Now they have me in their cross hairs and I feel like David up against Goliath." Linda Tripp Newsweek 11/18/99 p. 19
FALLACY: Faulty Analogy
34."I honestly never thought that it could happen to me, or to one of my friends, and never, ever, did I picture myself, along with hundreds of others, attending the funeral of a 17-year-old victim." Post-Bulletin 4/24/99 p. 13A
FALLACY: Appeal to Pity
35."Anei looks 16, but she cannot remember her age. She'll never forget the day she was held in a cattle pen with hundreds of women, children and animals -- the Arabs' booty -- before being marched off on a two-week trek to the north. On the way, she says, she was repeatedly raped by the raiders." Newsweek 5/3/99 p. 15
FALLACY: Appeal to Pity
36.Seadoo: Everybody's Doin' It! Popular Mechanics 2/97 p. 18
FALLACY: Bandwagon
37."What is it with these rich old guys? The only thing passed around is a corporate whine about new stadiums, new skyboxes and whatever else the team thinks it needs to make money." Tim Grice Post-Bulletin 5/6/99 p. D1