Honors Chemistry

Reading Guide

Chapter Four: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions

1.  What are aqueous solutions?

2.  Define solution and relate solute and solvent.

3.  Explain why ionic solutions are conductive when dissolved in water and define electrolyte, dissociation and solvation.

4.  Explain what happens to molecular compounds when dissolved in aqueous solutions and define nonelectrolyte.

5.  Define strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes and describe how they are differentiated in a chemical reaction.

6.  Identify what compounds are strong electrolytes

4.2  Precipitation Reactions

1.  What are precipitation reactions and what is a precipitate?

2.  What are the solubility guidelines and how were they developed?

3.  What is the general formula of an exchange (metathesis) reaction?

4.  What is the difference between a complete ionic equation and net ionic equation?

5.  Define spectator ions.

6.  Summarize the steps for writing net ionic equations.

4.3  Acid-Base Reactions

1.  Define acids and the difference between monoprotic and diprotic acids.

2.  Define bases.

3.  What are strong acids and strong bases?

4.  Make a table listing the seven strong acids and identifying the families of strong bases.

5.  Make a table defining strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.

6.  What is the general formula of a neutralization reaction? What is the net ionic equation of a neutralization reaction?

7.  Identify which acid-base reactions result in the formation of a gas.

4.4  Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

1.  Define oxidation-reduction reaction. What is oxidation? What is a reduction?

2.  What are oxidation numbers? Why are elements assigned an oxidation state?

3.  Summarize the 4 main rules for assigning oxidation numbers.

4.  Why are displacement reactions (also known as single replacement reactions) of meals with acid or a metal salt also oxidation-reduction reactions?

5.  Define activity series and how it is used to predict displacement reactions.

4.5  Concentrations of Solutions

1.  Define concentration as it relates to solutions. What is a solute? Solvent?

2.  Define molarity and units used to describe it.

3.  How does solutions concentration apply to electrolytes?

4.  Identify the relationship between molarity, moles and volume.

5.  What formula is used to help describe dilution of a solution?

4.6  Solution Stoichiometry

1.  What is titration and how is it used to determine solution concentration?

2.  What are indicators and how are they used in titration?