Test Review: Chapter 15 – Personality
Start by learning the concepts involved with the 4 perspectives. Then add people, then details…
Trait Perspective
F Define trait
F Allport
F Cattell
F Biological explanations of traits
F Eysneck’s 2 Primary Factors (quadrant scale)
F The Big 5 (OCEAN) à what are they and how did we get them?
F MMPI, purpose, why is it considered objective?
F Explanations of Individual Differences in Personality – the big why?
o Gender differences
F Bouchard’s Twin Research
F Sheldon’s Somatotypes: Endo, Meso, and Ecto- Morphs
F The Barnum Effect
Psychoanalytic / Psychodynamic
F Freud: Background
F 3 Divisions of the mind
F 3 Parts of Mind à iceberg analogy à 3 parts: id, ego, superego ß functions of each
F Pleasure vs. Reality Principles, Angelic/altruistic
F Libido, Fixation
F Assessments / Ways to see the unconscious: Free Association (on couch), Dream Analysis from Ch 7 (manifest vs. latent content), Hypnosis (from ch 7), TAT, Rorschach inkblot, “Freudian” slips
F Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory
o 5 Stages, personality effects for fixation in each stage
o Oedipus Complex / Electra Complex: define, explain, stage?
F Defense Mechanisms: why? function? Be able to pick them out from examples à there will be about 10 questions on these…that’s 20% of test!
F Neo-Freudians – big idea is to understand how their theories explain the dev of personality
o Carl Jungà background, personal vs. collective unconscious; complexes, archetypes
o Alfred Adler à background, inferiority complex, compensation, birth order
o Karen Horney àbackground, psychosocial analysis, basic confidence vs basic anxiety, critique of Freud – penis envy vs womb envy
F Evaluating Freud à
o Childhood vs. Lifelong development (Freud vs. Erikson), male superiority, defense mechanisms, sexual repression as a cause of psychological disorders
o Why aren’t Freud’s ideas true scientific theories?
o Why is he still so important?
Humanistic Perspective
F background of the perspective, relationship to Kantian transcendentalism
F Maslow’s hierarchy; self-actualization and perceived and ideal selves?
F Carl Roger’s Client/Person Centered Therapy, GAE, unconditional positive regard
F Self-concept, Self-esteem & Self-worth à benefits?
F Self-serving bias & relationship to self-esteem
F Shame vs. Guilt
Social-Cognitive Perspective
F Albert Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism, self-efficacy
F Julian Rotter’s Locus of control: Internal vs. External
F Learned helplessness à how does it develop/effects? Rats, dogs experiments
F Self-serving bias & names
F Self-handicapping à what is it, why do we do it?