A study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of respiratory infections among the traffic police in a selected police station in Bengaluru. with a view to develop information booklet
M.Sc., Nursing Dissertation protocol submitted to
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Bengaluru-560041
Vishal V P
(1-Year M. Sc., Nursing)
Under the Guidance of
Asst-Prof. Devi Nanjappan
Head of the Department
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing
Soldevanahalli, Bengaluru-560090
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BENGALURU, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATEAND ADDRESS / VISHAL.V.PARANNAVAR.
Smt. NAGARATHNAMMA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
SOLDEVANAHALLI,
HESARAGHATTA MAIN ROAD,
BENGALURU-560090
2 / NAME OF THE NSTITUTION / Smt. NAGARATHNAMMA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
SOLDEVANAHALLI,
HESARAGHATTA MAIN ROAD,
BENGALURU-560090
3 / COURSE OF THE STUDY
AND SUBJECT / I-YEAR M.Sc., NURSING
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING (CARDIO VASCULAR AND THORACIC NURSING)
DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE / 02/08/2011
5 / TITLE OF THE TOPIC / “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AMONG THE TRFFIC POLICE IN A SELECTED POLICE STATION IN BENGALURU. WITH AVIEW TO DEVELOP INFORMATION BOOKLET”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 NEED OF THE STUDY
Air pollution to road traffic is a serious health hazard and thus the person’s who are continuously exposed may be at an increased risk. Although several studies have conformed the ill effects of air pollutants on the lung function of the traffic policemen, only a few have investigated the relationship between respiratory health and duration of exposure in this category of occupationally exposed persons. [4]
Air quality crisis in cities mainly due to vehicular emission [1] owing to the expanding economic base, Indian cities are growing rapidly. This has led to has increase in the ownership and use of motor vehicles with a subsequent rise in levels of air pollution. Exposure to air pollutants Is known to be harmful to health in general, and to the lungs, in particular. In this respect, traffic policeman are at a risk, since they are continuously exposed to emission. From vehicles, due to the nature of their job[2]. Automobile, exhaust consists of oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and others, which causes injury to the terminal bronchioles. And a decrease in the pulmonary compliance and vital capacity.[3].
A study was conducted by osmania university Hyderabad, India automobile exhaust consist of many toxic components’ and is considered to be a major health concern in urban areas. Traffic policemen are occupationally exposed to vehicular exhaust during the traffic control. The analysis of chromosomal aberration was carried out 136 Traffic policemen. A significant increase (p<0.05) in mean frequency of chromosomal aberrations in non smoker and smoker policemen (6.48 and 8.96) respectively.[5,6].
A study was conducted by university of degli Catania. Environmental factors are believed to play a critical role in the development of allergic respiratory disease, such as asthma, and rhinitis .The study was conducted 484 traffic police in Catania statistical analysis showed a significant difference in mean age between truly exposed group and truly non exposed group (p<0.01). The results show a major prevalence of respiratory symptoms and allergic sensitization in exposed traffic police compared non exposed police.[7]
Exposure to urban pollution may cause respiratory disease in traffic policemen, especially in very polluted cities. A five year follow –up on FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume in one second), FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), and respiratory symptoms was performed on 290 traffic policemen upper respiratory symptoms were reported by the 28% of traffic policemen assigned to traffic control and by the 11% of administrative workers. The follow up, on FEV1 and FVC did not show an accelerated decline in traffic policemen assigned to traffic control as compared to administrative police workers.[8]
A study was conducted Teikyo university Japan. A cross-sectional study of the potential adverse health effects of air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand the authors administered lung function spirometry tests to 78 male traffic police and 60 male non traffic police in Bangkok, as well as to 68 male general police in Ayutthaya province, a rural area in Thailand. Authors controlled for age, height, and smoking index, after which mean levels of forced expiratory volume in 1sec and maximal expiratory flow rate in 25% of vital capacity were significantly lower in Bangkok police than in Ayutthaya police.[9]
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A study was conducted by School of Environmental and Earth science North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during May 2003 to April 2004 along the (NH-4) passing through Jalgaon city the average concentration of Sox -64 micro, g/m3, Nox 58microg/m3, particulates (>10micro) 515 micro g/m3 and responsible dust particulates 224microg/m3 was reported during study period he present investigation are on survey of health status and lung function of traffic policemen. The spirometric. Parameters were significantly affected in traffic the traffic policemen this study helps us impact of vehicular pollution on the health of traffic policemen.[10]
A study was conducted by Middle East Technical university, Ankara, Turkey. Urban Co exposure and its health effects on traffic policemen .Carbon monoxide (co) is an important component air pollution caused by traffic exhaust fumes .Co can cause chronic poisoning which shows its first symptoms as headaches, blurry vision ,difficulty in concentration ,and confusion. The traffic policemen are the population group under risk due to their inhalation of co-rich air while on duty at the crowed cross-sections of the city. The traffic policemen on duty at these cross-sections are exposed to high level of co for at least 6 h.co intoxication exists among this risk group.[11]
A study was conducted by Xiamen university, Xiamen Fujian China. To explore the damage of respiratory system in the traffic policemen induced by automobile tyre colloidal particle and its allergenicity .The respiratory symptoms in 445 traffic policemen working out side their offices and 243 controls were investigated and their pulmonary ventiliation function index such as FVC, FEV,MMF and v(50)were determined .the specific IgE antibody of automobile tyre colloidal particle of their serum was determined.The positive rate of respiratiory symptoms of traffic policemen such as cough 38.2%. stethocatharsis 27.03%,short breath 20.00%,nasal obstruction 23.08%, sneeze 27.47%, nose running 34.95%, The automobile tyre colloidal particle is one of the etiological factor of lung disorders in traffic police.[12]
The study was conducted Beth Israel Medical centre, New York. The effects of exposure to the environment around the World trade centre after the attack of September 11, 2001, are not fully described. We evaluated 240 police first responders ; respiratory symptoms occurred 77.5% but resolved or improved in around three fourths of subjects by the time of their evaluation. Cough was the most common symptom (62.5%).spirometric abnormalities were mild and occurred in 28.8%. The long -term effects of this respiratory tract exposure will need additional evaluation.[13]
A study was conducted by Mansoura University Egypt. The traffic policemen are the most exposed population to lead from automobile exhaust. there has been increasing concern about the possible harmful effects of pb from automobile exhaust on health of traffic police. The study the effect of pb exposure from automobile exhaust on renal integrity among traffic police. They were select 43 traffic policemen pb levels in blood, urine , hair and nails were determined in both group. Among study markers of kidney damage , urinary excretion of NAG and albumin were significantly higher in the pb-exposed group. Traffic policemen are liable to pb toxicity, determination of pb in blood , hair and nails are good markers of such toxicity.[14]
The study was conducted by catholic University of sacred Heart, largo. Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in environment levels of palladium platinum, rhodium, the platinum group elements ,duo to the wide spread use of catalytic converters for automotive traction. To evaluate urinary platinum levels in occupationally exposed subjects. A total 161 employees from the Rome city police Force were studied; There were no statistically significant differences between platinum levels in the group of subjects engaged in traffic control and the control group(4.45(2.42) ng/1 v 4.56 (2.84)ng/1 thus showing a progressive increase in human exposure to pt.[15]
A study was conducted by SMS Medical college and hospital, Jaipur, India. The study was conducted to evaluate pulmonary effects of traffic pollutions on traffic police. The traffic police working in Jaipur city were given a predetermined respiratory health questionnaire, and their clinical profile and lung functions were measured. This study showed that three prominent respiratory symptoms and reduced FEV 1 in subjects to exposed to traffic pollution. It showed a significant difference observed was 95.3 +/-13.6 versus 87.8+/- 0.95%,respectively, and 95%CT=4.420-10.517, p=0.001. Respiratory morbidity with respect to lung function test is observed more in groups working in heavy traffic than the control group.[16]
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“ A Descriptive Study to Assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of respiratory infection among the traffic police in a selected police stations in Bengaluru . with a view to develop an information booklet.”
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
v To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of respiratory infection among the traffic police.
v To determine the association between the knowledge regarding the prevention of respiratory infection with selected demographic variables of the sample.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
· Assessment:- . Measurements based on knowledge level on prevention of respiratory infection. Among Traffic police as observer by questionnaire regarding
· Prevention of respiratory infection:- The respiratory infections (Bronchitis. Asthma. COPD)these infections can be prevented by To reduce occupational exposure to pollutants, Use of protective equipments to these workers.
· Traffic police:- Professionally Qualified personl in a given location to control and manage traffics in a bengaluru. city.
6.6 HYPOTHESIS
· H1. There is significant association between the knowledge level of the traffic police related to demographic variables of samples.
6.7 DELIMITATIONS
1.The study is limited to 60 samples
2.Traffic police who work at a selected stations ,bengaluru.
7. METHODS AND MATERIALS
7.1 SOURCE OF DATA
The data will be collected from traffic police who worked in traffic in Bengaluru.
7.2.1 SAMPLING CRITERIA
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Traffic police who has two- three year continuously worked in traffics.
2. Traffic police who are willing to participate
3. Traffic police who will present at the time of data collection.
EXCLUSION CRITERA
1.Traffic police who has >2 years of experience
7.2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
‘Descriptive Study’
7.2.3VARIABLES UNDER STUDY
Independent variable: Prevention of respiratory infections among traffic police.
Dependent variable:-Knowledge of the Traffic police regarding prevention of respiratory infection.
Extraneous Variable: - Age, sex, education experience, geographical area .
7.2.4 SETTING:
Study will be conducted at a Selected police stations in a given period of time Bengaluru.
7.2.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Simple random sampling technique.
7.2.6 SAMPLE SIZE
Consists of 60 Traffic police working in selected police stations in Bengaluru.
7.2.7 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION
Questionnaire will administered by investigator to assess the knowledge related to prevention of respiratory infection among traffic police.
Section A: demographic data of traffic police
Section B: Knowledge regarding the prevention of respiratory infection among traffic police.
7.2.8 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
· A prior Permission will be obtained from police station.
· Informed consent will be obtained from traffic polices.
· Duration of data collection is 20 days.
7.2.9 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
· The data will be collected and analyzed by using
· Descriptive and Inferential statistics
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR ANY OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.
NO.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION
· Ethical clearance will be obtained from the research committee of Smt. Nagarathnamma College of nursing.
· Permission will be obtained priorly from the concerned authority in the selected Police stations in bengaluru.
· Consent will be taken priorly from the Traffic police and who are willing to participate in the study.
8. LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Ghose MK, paular, Bancrjee, Assessment of the impacts of vehicular pollution on urban airquality. J Environ. Sci.Eng. 2004;46:33-40.
2. Suresh Y. Salja Devi MM, Manjari V, Das UN. Oxidiant stress, antioxidents and nitric oxide in Traffic police of Hydrabad,India. Environ pollunt 2000; 321-5.
3. Chattopadhyay,BP, Alam,J Raychowdhury,A pulmonary abnormalities associated with the exposure to a automobile exhaust in a diseal bus garage and roads. Lung 2003; 181-291-302
4. Sharath Gupta, Shallumittal; Avinish Kumar, Kamal D singh, Department of physiology ,Gian Sagar medical college, Banur, Government Medical College, Patialia;India
5. Huttner E, Schoneich J, Effects of smoking on the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and SCEs in Man. Mut Res. 1981;81:255-62
6. Pendzic J, Motykiewicz,G, Michalska J, Wang ,LY. Kostowska,A. Chorozy,M sister chromatid exchanges and high frequencies cells in Men environmentally and occupationaly exposed to ambient air pollutants,an inter- group – Comparsion with respect to seasonal changes and smoking habit Mutest,Res 1997; 381,163-70
7. Proietti L,Mastruzzoc, Palermo F, Vancheric, Lisitano N, Crimi N, Prevelence of respiratory symptoms, in group of traffic police officer’s exposed to urban pollution Med,Lav,2005 Jan-Feb; 96(1):24-32.
8. D C Toni A, Larese, Filon F, Finottol,Respiratory disease in a group of traffic police officer’s G ital med lav, Ergon, 2005 Jul-sep; 27(3): 380-2 .
9. Karita k, Yano E, Jinsart W. Boudoung D, Tamura K. Department of Hygiene and public Health, Japan.
10. Ingle ST, Pachpande Bg, Wagh ND, pater VS, Attarde SB. Exposure to vehicular pollution and respiratory imparement of the traffic policemen in Jalgoncity. Ind. Health. 2005 oct; 43(4): 656-62.
11. Burgaz.S Demircigil GC, Karahalil B, Karakaya AE, chromosomal damage in peripural blood. Lymhocytes of traffic policemen. And taxi drivers. Chemosphere.2002 Apr; 47(1): 57-64.
12. Zhonghua Lao, Dong Wei, Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za ,Zhi.Automobile tyre colloidal particle induced allergic damage of respiratory system in traffic policemen and its allergenicity.2007 Jun;25(6):346-9.