2012 Fall Semester PreAP World Geography Final Exam Review
Unit 1: Introduction, Map Skills, and Landforms
What is the difference between absolute and relative location?
What is the difference between formal and functional regions? Identify examples of each.
What is a perceptual region and what would be an example?
Define biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
Define and recognize images of the basic types of map projections, the distortions that occur with each, and the uses of each. (cylindrical, conic, plane)
What does a cartographer do?
What is GIS, what kinds of information can be displayed in this way, and what are some of the uses of GIS?
Understand the grid system and the vocabulary associated with it. (latitude, longitude, parallels, meridians, great circles, how to determine the latitude and longitude of a place)
What are two types of mechanical weathering?
Define and recognize images of tectonic processes and the role that they play in the creation of landforms. (divergent, convergent, transform plate boundaries)
What is the difference between a large scale and a small scale map?
Identify a cartogram/choropleth map/pin dot map
What are cataracts?
What is a straight?
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
What is the greatest agent of erosion?
What is a flood plain? Drainage basin?
What is the difference between a wave and the tide?
Unit 2: Weather and Climate
What are two ways to measure the strength of an earthquake?
What is a tsunami?
What is the difference between weather and climate?
How do broadleaf/deciduous forests differ from needleleaf/coniferous/evergreen forests?
How does the process of convection transfer heat in the atmosphere and in oceans?
Define the orographic effect and the terminology associated with it.
(windward, leeward, rain shadow)
What is the Coriolis Effect?
What happens to temperature as elevation increases? What effect does this have on weather?
How does the proximity of large bodies of water affect climate on adjacent landmasses?
How are high pressure and low pressure zones created? What weather systems are associated with each?
Recognize the basic characteristics and locations of the following climate zones:
humid continental
tropical wet
marine west coast
Mediterranean
desert
highland
Define the three basic forms of precipitation and where they occur. (Convectional, Orographic, Frontal)
Understand the earth-sun relationship and the terminology associated with it.
(rotation, revolution, solstice, equinox, Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, Antarctic Circle)
What is El Nino?
What are the two main factors that determine climate?
What is the green house effect and what does it cause?
Correctly decipher a climagraph. What is does the bar graph show? The line graph?
Unit 3: Culture and Population
Define culture.
What is a culture trait and what are some examples?
What is a culture hearth? What are some examples?
What is the difference between folk culture and pop culture?
What is the difference between a culture region and a culture realm and give examples of each?
What is acculturation?
Understand the difference between an ethnic religion and a universalizing religion and give some examples.
What is an animistic religion?
What is a standard language and where would you hear it spoken?
What is a dialect and what kinds of characteristics are indicated by dialect?
What is a lingua franca? What are some examples?
How does a pidgin language differ from a creole language?
What is the study of toponymy/toponyms?
Understand the historic pattern of world population growth. (the J-curve)
What parts of the world are experiencing the fastest population growth?
What is the approximate current population of the world?
What is the relationship between a population's rate of natural increase and its doubling time?
Know the four shapes of population pyramids and be able to determine their level of development and the DTM stage associated with the different shapes.
What is demographic momentum?
Understand the four stages of the demographic transition model in particular what development level and indicators are associated with each stage, what birth/death rates are associated with each stage, and what economic characteristics are associated with each state.
What is measured by infant mortality rate? How is it stated?
Define and recognize examples of push factors and pull factors.
Thomas Malthus
Pro Natal vs. Anti Natal policies
Unit 4: Political, Urban, Economic Geography
Define state, nation, nation-state, stateless nation, and multinational state. Recognize examples of each.
Define and recognize examples of natural and artificial boundaries.
What is landlocked?
Describe a traditional economy.
Define centripetal and centrifugal forces and recognize examples of each.
What are the levels of urban hierarchy?
What is a metropolitan area?
What is a megalopolis?
What is the difference between an Absolute Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy?
Understand the models of urban structure (concentric, sector, mulitiple nuclei) and the factors that contributed to their development.
What is a hinterland?
Define and give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary activities?
What are the locational factors associated with each of the above economic activities?
Define command economy, free market, and socialist economy. (know synonyms of free market economy)
Recognize development indicators as belonging to developed, developing, and less developed countries.
What kinds of things make up a region's infrastructure?
What is GNP? GDP?
Understand the cycle of poverty and what countries might do to break this cycle?
Where is the Fall Line and why was important to the location of early cities in the USA?
What is meant by renewable and non-renewable resources? What are some examples of each?
Unit 5: North America
What is the pattern of climate in the United States?
What is gentrification?
Who are the Inuit? What action has recently been taken to settle their land claims?
What has prompted Chinese migration to Vancouver and what conflict has resulted?
What factors have contributed to increasing urban sprawl?
How has immigration to the US changed over time?
What types of economic activities are associated with postindustrial economies?
What is an edge city?
What is the goal in the creation of sustainable communities?
Why is Canada called a cultural mosaic and the USA a melting pot?
What factors are important to the development of free enterprise economies?
What is a gateway state?
In what ways has Quebec tried to protect their French language and culture?
What was the Colombian Exchange?
How was the Canadian Shield formed?
Why is the US considered a federal state?
What are some positive aspects of immigration?
Which are Canada's Core Provinces and why are they called the Core Provinces?
What are the major factors that influence climate distribution in the USA?
What is the continental divide?
What is the importance of water ways such as the St. Lawrence seaway and the Erie Canal?
Describe internal migration patterns with in the USA over time.
How is the Prime Minister of Canada chosen?
What is gerrymandering? Recognize the appearance of a gerrymandered congressional district.
How are congressional districts determined?
What demographic information can be obtained by the size of a congressional district?
What terrorist organization was responsible for the 9/11 attacks on the USA? Who was the leader of this organization?
What country did the USA invade in response to the 9/11 attacks?
Unit 6: Latin America
What is a maquiladora?
What is NAFTA? What are pros and cons of NAFTA for the countries involved?
Why was Brazil’s capital moved to Brasillia?
What factors are contributing to the clearing of the rainforest?
Describe a debt-for-nature swap.
What is a remmitance?
Define mestizo.
What is Mexico’s and Venezuela’s major mineral resource?
Where is slash-and-burn agriculture practiced?
What are Central America's major export crops?
Why are there few Indians left in the West Indies?
What is the cultural legacy of Spanish and Portuguese rule in Latin America?
What are the positive and negative effects of tourism?
What is a cartel?
What is the basic landform pattern common to both North America and South America?
Which is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere?
Where is the coca plant grown? Where is it processed?
Define radical, liberal, conservative, reactionary and be able to give examples of each?
What is an oligarchy?
What is a junta?
What has caused ongoing conflict in Guatemala?
How has the income gap affected Latin America?
Define Latin America, Central America and Middle America?
What is the main reason for migration among the Caribbean islands?
What are the most and least developed regions of Latin America
What is a favela?
Why does Cuba have higher human than economic indicators of development?
What is MERCOSUR and what does it promote?
What tectonic processes are responsible for the formation of the Andes?
Describe the general pattern of climates in South America.
What effect does the major landforms Latin America have on population distribution?
What factors influence climate in South America?
What has been an ironic effect of the USA’s “get tough” border control policy?
What are the three major culture hearths of Latin America and where were they located?
What is carnival and how is the samba related?
Review the images on the Visual Literacy PPT
Fall Final Map Review
North America Physical
Appalachian MtsGreat Salt Lake
Hudson Bay
Lake Erie
Lake Huron / Lake Michigan
Lake Ontario
Lake Superior
Mississippi River / Missouri River
Ohio River
Rocky Mts
St. Lawrence R
North America Political
ArizonaBritish Colombia
California
Florida
Michigan / Michigan
New York
Ohio
Ontario
Pennsylvania / Quebec
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Latin America Political
ArgentinaBolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia / Cos ta Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Jamaica / Mexico
Panama
Peru
Puerto Rico
Venezuela
Latin America Physical
Amazon RiverAndes Mountains
Atacama Desert
Atlantic Ocean
Brazilian Highlands / Caribbean Sea
Galapagos Islands
Greater Antilles
Gulf of Mexico
Lake Titicaca / Lesser Antilles
Pacific Ocean
Rio Negro
Yucatan Peninsula