Les USA Et Le Monde : Perspectives Environnementalistes

Les États-Unis et le monde (cours) - printed on 15/10/18 - p. 1/124

M2 - Les USA et le monde : perspectives environnementalistes

Synopis

Session / Text -Document / Date / Who / Grade
1 / Introduction / Mind map USA-Earth-Chipko / Session 1
10 September 2007 / Teacher
1 / Introduction / Document #1 - The Making of US Foreign Policy (1997) / Session 2
17 September 2007 / Group work
2 / USA / Document #2 - Slouching Toward Johannesburg: U.S. is a Long Way from Sustainability (2002) / Session 2
17 September 2007 / Group work
2 / USA / Text #1 - Greening U.S. Foreign Aid through
the Millennium Challenge Account (2003) / Session 3
24 September 2007
3 / Madagascar / Text #2 - USAID in Madagascar: fiscal year 2004 (2004) / Session 4
1 October 2007
3 / Madagascar / Text #3 - Safe Water System in Madagascar () / Session 5
8 October 2007
4 / Madagascar / Text #4 - Antananarivo Declaration () / Session 5
8 October 2007
4 - 5 / India / Text #5 - Chipko Movement () / Session 6
15 October 2007
6 / South Africa / Text #6 - Strategies for Social Justice Movements from Southern Africa to the United States - (2005) / Session 7
22 October 2007
7 / Mauritius / Text #7 - Pre-WSSD[1] National Report [for Mauritius]( 2002) / Session 7
22 October 2007
8 / Reunion / Text #8 - L’Agenda 21- La Réunion (2003) / Session 8
29 October 2007
8 / USA / Text #9 - Organizing the New South: Local Ecologies and Autonomous Strategies for Confronting Globalization / Session 9
5 November 2007
Term papers due / 19 November

SOMMAIRE

M2 - Les USA et le monde : perspectives environnementalistes

Synopis......

About the course (for my eyes only)......

Session 1 - Introducing the course - concepts - suggested problematic......

Session 2 - Historical background - conceptual framework......

Session 3 – La Réunion......

Session 4 – Madagascar - Safe Water System

Session 5 — Madagascar......

Session 6 - USAID......

Session 7 - Mauritius......

Session 8 - RSA......

Session 9 - NGOs......

Session 10 - India -......

Les États-Unis et le monde (cours) - printed on 15/10/18 - p. 1/124

About the course (for my eyes only)

Fichier Inspiration dans le même dossier

Aspects administratifs

Présentation du cours sur les brochures étudiants

Les États-Unis et le monde : perspectives environnementalistes
Nom de l’enseignant F. Duban
Volume horaire de l’enseignement 20h
Le nombre d’ ECTS de l’enseignement 6 ECTS pour l'UE
Nature des enseignements : CM
Contrôle des connaissances et note finale
Descriptif
Si l'environnementalisme est né de la culture américaine, le concept de développement durable a vu le jour sous les auspices de l'ONU. Présenté comme la panacée, il est largement critiqué, et relèverait de l'oxymore, en ce qu'il tente de concilier des aspirations relevant de la justice sociale, de la protection durable de l'environnement, et de la croissance économique. Son influence demeure toutefois indéniable. Dans un contexte mondial où l'hégémonisme américain, la prise de conscience des problèmes environnementaux planétaires et la globalisation précipitent les évolutions de tous ordres, en particulier culturel, dans quelle mesure les projets relevant du développement durable, même influencés par l'héritage de l'environnementalisme, sont-ils soit une forme de résistance plus ou moins avouée à cet hégémonisme culturel américain globalisant, soit le Cheval de Troie du néo-libéralisme, lui-même à tort ou à raison associé aux Etats-Unis ?
Pour répondre à cette question pour ce qui concerne la zone de l'océan Indien, des exemples précis d'actions entreprises pour la protection de l'environnement seront étudiés afin de mettre en évidence, dans chaque cas, la priorité accordée à l'économique, à l'écologique, à la justice sociale.
On espère ainsi montrer à chaque fois les modalités d'application du concept de développement durable dans des contextes culturels différents.
Bibliographie Sur le site* Interculturalité
Beder, Sharon. Global Spin : The Corporate Assault On Environmentalism. Totnes : Green, 2002.
Attfield, Robin. The Ethics of the Global Environement. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1999.
Barjot, Dominique and Christophe Réveillard, eds. L'américanisation de l'Europe occidentale au XXe siècle: Mythe et Réalité. Paris: Presse de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2002.
Black, Brian. "Beyond Nature's Nation: The Emergence of a Global Environmental Policy." American Studies: Globalization, Transnationalism, and the End of the American Century Vol. 41, Number 2/3. 2000: 349-50.
Caron, David R. and Janice Gross Stein, eds. Street Protests and Fantasy Parks: Globalization, Culture, and the State. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press, 2002.
Desai, Uday, ed. Ecological Policy and Politics in Developing Countries: Economic Growth, Democracy, and Environment. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1998.
Elliot, Lorraine. The Global Politics of the Environment. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1998.
Featherstone, Mike. Undoing Culture: Globalization, Postmodernism And Identity. London: Sage Publications, 1995.
Honey, Martha and Tom Barry, eds. Global Focus: U.S. Foreign Policy At the Turn of the Millennennium. New York: St. Martin 's Press, 2000.
Johnston, R.J., Peter J. Taylor and Michael J. Watts, eds. Geographies of Global Changes: Remapping the World. Second Edition. Malden, MA., USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2002.
Patterson, Matthew. Understanding Global Environmental Politics: Domination, Accumulation, Resistance. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 2000.
Porter, Gareth and Janet Welsh Brown. Global Environmental Politics. 1991, Boulder Colorado: Westview Press, 1996.
Harris, Paul G. International Equity and Global Environmental Politics: Power and Principles in U.S. Foreign Policy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2001.
Held, David and Anthony McGrew, David Gavid Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, and Culture. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Caldwell, Lynton Keith. International Environmental Policy: From the Twentieth to the Twenty-First Century, Third Edition. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1996.

Aspects recherche

Comment faire travailler les techniques de recherche ?

Un cadre conceptuel donné, une problématique à partir d'une concept map

Des documents pour répondre à la problématique

Course: 20h i.e. 10 seminars , 2 hours each with two texts

Les États-Unis et le monde (cours) - printed on 15/10/18 - p. 1/124

Session 1 - Introducing the course - concepts - suggested problematic

GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER

Pass table sheet around to collect names

Introducing each other

See if all students are students of English

Organisation du séminaire

Mention Website

Mention BV

FLSH EU et le monde

Seminars

Une séance de présentation par F.D.

Présentations et débats animés par les étudiants à partir de textes et documents, le tout pour répondre à la problématique

Séminaire: Pas un cours, mais des débats sur des documents préparés par tous pour une participation réelle.

Note - Exam

CC: Moyenne de la note de la synthèse finale et de la note de commentaire de document devant le groupe.

Exam (dérogatoire uniquement): oral à partir d’une préparation écrite en amont.

Bibliographie

Préciser que la bibliographie donnée sur le hand out et celle disponible sur le site sont là avant tout comme compléments des documents donnés en séminaire.

Getting started:

If you had five minutes to give your own opinion on «Les États-Unis et le monde», what would you say?

…

Discuss their responses

…

introduce the concepts on the mind map

Inspiration Diagram

source: the United states and the w.isf

The problematic + table

Descriptif officiel
Si l'environnementalisme est né de la culture américaine, le concept de développement durable a vu le jour sous les auspices de l'ONU. Présenté comme la panacée, il est largement critiqué, et relèverait de l'oxymore, en ce qu'il tente de concilier des aspirations relevant de la justice sociale, de la protection durable de l'environnement, et de la croissance économique. Son influence demeure toutefois indéniable. Dans un contexte mondial où l'hégémonisme américain, la prise de conscience des problèmes environnementaux planétaires et la globalisation précipitent les évolutions de tous ordres, en particulier culturel, dans quelle mesure les projets relevant du développement durable, même influencés par l'héritage de l'environnementalisme, sont-ils soit une forme de résistance plus ou moins avouée à cet hégémonisme culturel américain globalisant, soit le Cheval de Troie du néo-libéralisme, lui-même à tort ou à raison associé aux Etats-Unis?
Pour répondre à cette question pour ce qui concerne la zone de l'océan Indien, des exemples précis d'actions entreprises pour la protection de l'environnement seront étudiés afin de mettre en évidence, dans chaque cas, la priorité accordée à l'économique, à l'écologique, à la justice sociale.
On espère ainsi montrer à chaque fois les modalités d'application du concept de développement durable dans des contextes culturels différents. / Environmental concern developed into a social movement for the first time in the USA. It was called environmentalism. With the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the United States first emerged as the one global superpower without any visible significant adversary in military terms. So that for a short time it was thought that the US could be the world leader in environmental global policy. This would have been part of an old American tradition which says that the USA has a mission to lead the world to progress, democracy and liberty. This sense of mission (checked) is part of the puritan heritage when Puritans in 17th ceintry New England thought they had been elected as a nation to lead the world to redemption and the final millennium. The Founding Fathers for their part believed it was the duty of the United States to lead the world to more democracy and liberty. These ideas coalesced into the Manifest Destiny doctrine that emerged as such in 1845 with President Polk’s expansionist platform. it led to the annexation of Texas, the Oregon Treaty of 1846 that gave today’s Washington, Oregon, Idaho to the United States, and war with Mexico and the annexation of today’s California, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico. The westward expansion that made the USA a continental nation then took on a new form, that of overseas imperialism. The United States was now influential on the international scene. With WWI and WWII, it became one of the 2 superpowers and after the collapse of the soviet bloc, the only one. Without any significant militarily hostile force to contain, it was thought that the USA could turn to humanitarian and environmental causes and thus accomplish a salutary mission on earth.
9/11 put a stop to hope and the Bush administration gave priority to war on terrorism. The Bush administration is supported and inspired by neo conservative forces that include Christian Coalition and the moral majority among others. Neoconservatives support an aggressive United States foreign policy, often dubbed American imperialism.
At a time when environmental problems and poverty induce increasing economic and social problems, many political movements in the countries of the South feel victimized by American hegemony and the global neo-liberal policy it tends to impose on the global economy. These people feel more comfortable with the concept of sustainable development publicized by the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992.
In what follows--which is a course in American studies in relation with civilizational interaction (interculturality) from an environmentalist perspective--we shall address this question: to what extent are the projects studied here--somehow in connection with sustainable development in the Indian Ocean area—truly a form of resistance to American cultural hegemony or an adaptation to neoliberalism?
To address this question, we shall concentrate on a few projects and use indicators that tend to show for each case that priority is given to sutainable development’s economic development, social justice and environmental concern or on the contrary indicators showing that the neoliberal credo prevailed over any other environmental or social justice consideration.

A glossary (part 1) : foundational concepts

Ask if all students can follow a course in English.

Explain the process : defining foundational concepts that lead to a problematic through which case studies of environmental projects in the Indian Ocean area can be analyzed.

Post-colonialist theory

global solidarity - Post-Colonialism In Latin American Management: The Genesis And Trail Of North American Reference In Brazilian Culture And Management - Stream 18: Postcolonial Stream Proposal - Miguel P. Caldas - Rafael Alcadipani - FGV/EAESP, Brazil - Av. Nove de Julho, 2029 9 andar - 01313-902 São Paulo, SP. Brazil - ++ 55 11 32813271 - -
2003/abstracts/postcolonial/Caldas.pdf
POST-COLONIALIST THEORY
Post-colonialism is an approach whose preeminence in social sciences has been increasing since the early 1970s. It is a movement that began in literature and expanded into several other areas of social science. In general terms, postcolonialism studies the interaction – and the codependence relationships – among European nations and their former colonies in the Modern Age, as well as the U.S. hegemony over the world and the domination of developing countries by expanding capital and globalization. In broad terms, post-colonialism deals with the study of dependence relationships between developed and developing countries, taking a stance in opposition to imperialism and Eurocentrism (Bahri, 1996).
The post-colonialist perspective has gained relevance and profile within the postmodern movement, inasmuch as both denounce epistemology and many Western practices as systems for the exclusion of other realities and forms of knowledge (Calás & Smircich, 1999; Prasad & Prasad, 2001). In this context, post-colonialism has acquired relevance in the so-called cultural studies, as well as in critical management studies (CMS). There is also a stream ofartistic expressions that use it as basic theme, among which we might point out poetry, film-making, drama, and music (Wyrick & Beasley, 1997).
A recurring theme is the critique of the notions of “progress” and “modernity”as defined by theoreticians in developed nations. From this perspective, one generally focuses on economic aspectsand depicts access to and progress of science and technology as justification for the “development” of certain countries while others remain undeveloped. This development within the parameters of the Western culture or wealthy nations concludes bycategorizing people and cultures of “emerging” nations as “undeveloped” or “primitive”, which leads to the exclusion of their knowledge, values and cultures. From this perspective, science and technology arise as enablers of new forms of (neo)colonial control (Wyrick & Beasley, 1997).
On the other hand, post-colonialism analyzes the new forms of dependence that afflict developing countries. More specifically, post-colonialism relates to the study of how Western academics create analysis categories that hide their own ethnocentrism (Prasad, 1995; Prasad Prasad, 2001). In this manner, the post-colonial perspective also denounces the ethnocentrism of Western thought and practice. There is also clear criticism of how Westerners recount history from the perspective of the victors, branding indigenous peoples and those from developing nations as “primitive”, “underdeveloped”, or “traditional”. There is also criticism of Third World thinkers that use their space to voice the theory they themselves are excluded by. By focusing on the denouncement of post-colonialist strategies, on popular culture, and on social movements, these analysts attempt to voice expressions that have been so far excluded (Calas & Smircich, 1999; Gopal, Willis & Gopal, 1999).

Indicators, ….

Explain the following concepts which appear as indicators in the hand out.

American cultural hegemony / Disneyfication
National Parks
Democracy
Individual rights
Neoliberalism / Deregulation
Profit
Free enterprise
Global market system
Emphasis on economic development
Priority given to the private sector
Maintstream US environnementalism / Specific reforms
Environmental legislation
Compromise with corporations
National parks - locals evicted
Radical environmentalism (deep ecology) / Minority rights
Bioegalitarianism
Criticism of capitalism
Local democracy
Sustainable development (Agenda 21) / Conciliation
Consensus
Sustainability
Environmental education
Development
Social justice
Environmental concern
Combating poverty
Changing consumption patterns
Changing population and demographic dynamics
Promoting health
Promoting sustainable settlement patterns
Integrating environment and development into decision-making.
Strengthening the Role of children and youth, women, NGOs, local authorities, business and workers]
Consultation and participation processes

Hand out or course reader

Explain course - reader

Foundational concepts

Table for problematic

Features showing concern for / economic development / environmental protection / social justice / All things considered, is the project under study inspired mostly by neoliberalism or by sustainable development?
L’Agenda 21 Île de La Réunion
Safe Water System in Madagascar
Antananarivo Declaration
USAID in Madagascar: fiscal year 2004
Mauritius
UFF Initiative
Sustainable development in DURBAN
job: NGO coordinator
India: Chipko Movement

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Session 2 - Historical background - conceptual framework

The US and the world: from Puritan times to US hegemony

Document #1 John Dumbrell. The Making of US Foreign Policy[2]

[page 4>] (b) Liberalism 'Ideology', of course, bears many meanings and, no doubt, the term can be defined so as to separate it from American liberal pragmatism. Within Marxism, 'ideology' embraces forms of thought which function to preserve or represent class interest. For diplomatic historian Michael Hunt, the concept of ideology comes close to that of 'culture'." Generally, however, it seems reasonable to define 'ideology' in terms of beliefs and values which take a clear shape, a Weltanschauung.10 In this sense, US foreign policy traditions do embrace - as celebrators of America's Cold War victory acknowledged - ideology. The driving ideology of US foreign policy has been traditionally, and remains, the ideology of liberalism. (It is worth remembering that Louis Hartz, the most celebrated modern interpreter of American liberalism, had no doubts about its status as ideology.)11 American democratic liberalism, whose main progenitor was John Locke, may be characterised as embodying commitments to the interdependence of democracy and capitalism; to individual liberty and the protection of private property; to limited government, the rule of law, natural rights, the perfectibility of human institutions, and to the possibility of human progress. It is allied to a strong sense of national mission and American exceptionalism: the belief that American democratic history provides a model for the world. At its heart, Lockeian liberalism embraces a commitment both to national self-determination and to the view that the world belongs to the industrious and the rational. Enemies of liberalism are, on the right, conservative ideologies which exude pessimism about the possibility of progress through human agency; and, on the left, ideologies which assert that human freedom [page 5] may only be realised through a transcendence of private property and capitalism.12 As an ideology underpinning US foreign policy, liberalism oscillates between the poles of non-entanglement and interventionist internationalism. Historically, as in President George Washington's farewell address, non-entanglement has been held up as a consequence of American exceptionalism. According to George Washington in 1798: ' It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and at no distant period, a great nation to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence.' America's 'detached and distant situation’ invited America to avoid European corruptions, to have 'as little political connection as possible' and to 'steer clear of permanent alliances with portion of the foreign world'." Non-entanglement would allow the United States to shape its frontier destiny, to remain aloof from distant quarrels, to provide a model for the world in the process. Liberal non-entanglement doctrines drew on the Puritan, 'city on a hilI' inheritance. Implicit in this tradition is the belief that US foreign policy leaders somehow lack European guile and dissimulation. John Adams (President, 1797-1801) […] denied 'any notion of cheating anybody'. Standing aloof from the wicked ways of the Old World, America could show others the way of morality. (Swedish ambassador wrote to John Adams in 1784 that he trusted that United States would 'have sense enough to see us in Europe cut each other's throats with a philosophical tranquility'.)14 With the closing of the frontier, and especially with US assuming global leadership after 1945, non-entanglement gave way to the liberal internationalist ideal: the protection and promotion of liberal, capitalist values on a world stage. President Woodrow Wilson appropriated the term 'liberty' to justify American entry into World War One. […] President Franklin Roosevelt used the denigrating label, 'isolationist', to stigmatise the older, non-entanglement tradition. After 1945 the cause of liberal internationalism became inextricably bound up with the idea of containing a putatively expansionist, Soviet-directed communism. Containment of communism became the bedrock of US foreign policy for forty years (notwithstanding the growing disapprobation expressed towards the globalised application of the doctrine by George Kennan, the inventor of the whole notion of containment). The purpose of post-1945 US foreign policy has been summarised thus by Michael Cox: 'to create an environment in which democratic capitalism can flourish in a world in which the US […] remains the dominant actor'.15With the end of the Cold War, a debate emerged as to whether this purpose - and its underlying liberal ideology would be best served by a return to non-entanglement or by a new active internationalism.