ColourBenincasaSuccessors 26 February 2011 http://www.maphistory.info/ColourBenincasaSuccessors.doc
Colour and shape on the productions of Benincasa's successors and imitators
For the general menu and a list of the other tables see: http://www.maphistory.info/ColourShapeAnalysis.html
For explanation see: http://www.maphistory.info/PortolanColourNotes.html
For notes on the individual features see: http://www.maphistory.info/PortolanColourFeatures.html
See also 'The style and content of Grazioso Benincasa's charts: imitation, innovation and repetition': http://www.maphistory.info/benincasa.html
For the equivalent table for Benincasa see: http://www.maphistory.info/ColourBenincasa.doc
ANONYMOU S | SIGNED BY HIS SUCCESSORS |
Author / Location / PARMA, Bib. Pal.II, 29, 1621 / ROTTERDAM
Mar. Mus. Engelbrecht Coll. / TURIN
Bib. Reale / FREDUCCI, C.di O.
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bib., Cod. Guelf 99 / BENINCASA, Andrea
Vatican, Borgia VIII / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
New York, Hispanic,
K 14 / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
London, British Lib.
Add. 10132, f.2 / DALOLMO, Rocco
Siena, Bib. Com. S.V.1 / FREDUCCI, Angelo
Greenwich, NMM
P/36(A-B) / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
London, British Lib.
Egerton. 2856 / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
Venice, Marciana
It.IV.148 (5451) / BENINCASA
habitual
forms
Date / --- / --- / --- / 1497 / 1508 / 1537 / 1538 / 1542 / 1555 / 1562 / 1563
Atlas or chart / atlas (4 sheets) / atlas (8) / chart (frag.) / chart / chart / atlas (5) / atlas (5) / chart / atlas (9) / atlas (15) / atlas (10)
Pujades / Campbell 'Census' / Pujades A42; Census101 / Census E6 / Census E4 / Census 39 / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---
BRITISH ISLES / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
1 / I de till (myth.) + Label/button / R+Label / Be+Label / R+Label / R+Label / R+Label / M?+Label / R+Label / Br+Label / R+Label / R+Label / R+Label / R+Label
2 / scurçe (myth.) + Label / Be/Gn+ Label / Be+Label / Go-- / Go-- / Gn-- / Br?+Label / Br+Label / R-- / Pi?+Label / Go-- / Go-- / Gn+Label
3 / Man (Cross/ Rectangle/ Hourglass?) / Be/Gn (Cr) / Go (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Go? (Cr) / Be (Cr) / Go (Cr) / R (Cr) / Be (Cr)
4 / Scillies (small L / large R ?) / RBe/Gn / RBe? / RR / ? &R / RGn / RGo? / RR / ? / RGn / RBe / RGn / RGn
5 / I. of Wight / R / Go / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / Go / Go / R
B.ISLES: / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
6 / Ireland (Edging/Wash) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Be (E) / Be (E) / Gn (E) / Be (E) / Be (E) / Be? (E) / Be (E) / M (E) / Be (E) / Gn (E) [Br]
7 / Scotland (Edging/Wash) / Br (E) / Pi (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / X / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (W) / Gn (E) / M (E) / O (E) / Pi, Br (E)
8 / Eng. & Wales (Edging/Wash) / Br (E) / Pi (E) / M (E) / Pi (E) / X / R (E) / M (E) / M (E) / Pi (E) / Gn (E) / Pi (E) / Pi (E) [M, Gn]
ATLANTIC / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
9 / montorio/brazil + Label/button / M+Label / Be+Label
serrated / M +Label
serrated / M? +Label
serrated / Go +Label
serrated / R?+
Label
serrated / M+Label serrated / R+Label NOT?
serrated / M +Label
serrated / R+Label serrated / R +Label
serrated / R, Br, Pi
+Label serrated
10 / man (myth.) +Label / Be/Gn+ Label / M+Label / R+Label / Be+Label / X +Label / Be+ Label / Be+Label / ? / Be+Label / Go+M-- / Go +Label / Be+Label
CANARIES: / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / * 1537 ↓ * / ---
11 / Hierro [ferro] / | / Be / | / | / Be / Be / ? / | / X / Be
12 / [La] Palma / | / M / | / | / Be? / Br=Go? / ? / | / Gn? / Gn
13 / Gomera / | / Go / | / | / Go / R / ? / | / Go / Go
14 / Tenerife [inferno] + centrepiece (Teide) / | / Be M / | / | / R+W / M / R+W / | / Br / R+W
" / centre shape (4-leaf clover/cross) / | / large cross / | / | / cross / X / cross? / | / | / clover / cross
15 / [Gran] Canaria / | / M / | / ? / R / Br / M? / | / R +clover? / Br, R, M
Author / Location / PARMA, Bib. Pal.
II, 29, 1621 / ROTTERDAM
Mar. Mus. Engelbrecht Coll. / TURIN
Bib. Reale / FREDUCCI, C.di O.
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bib., Cod. Guelf 99 / BENINCASA, Andrea
Vatican, Borgia VIII / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
New York, Hispanic,
K 14 / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
London, British Lib.
Add. 10132, f.2 / DALOLMO, Rocco
Siena, Bib. Com. S.V.1 / FREDUCCI, Angelo
Greenwich, NMM
P/36(A-B) / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
London, British Lib.
Egerton. 2856 / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
Venice, Marciana
It.IV.148 (5451) / BENINCASA
habitual
forms
Date / --- / --- / --- / 1497 / 1508 / 1537 / 1538 / 1542 / 1555 / 1562 / 1563
Atlas or chart / atlas (4 sheets) / atlas (8) / chart (frag.) / chart / chart / atlas (5) / atlas (5) / chart / atlas (9) / atlas (15) / atlas (10)
Pujades / Campbell 'Census' / Pujades A42; Census101 / Census E6 / Census E4 / Census 39 / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---
16 / Fuerteventura / | / Go / Gn / Gn / Gn / Gn / Be / | / Gn? / Gn
17 / Lanzarote + cross / | / W+R / R+W / W+R / Bk [no cross] / W+R / W+R / | / W+R / W/Bk+ R
W. MEDITERRANEAN / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / * 1552 ↓ * / ---
18 / Formentera / R / Go / R / R / R / R / ? / R / R / R
19 / Ibiza / Be/Gn / M / Be / Be / Be / Be / ? / Be / Go / Be
20 / Majorca + stripes / Br?+R / Go+R / Go+R / Go+R / Go+R / Go+R / ? / Go+R / Go+R
" / No. & orientation of red stripes / ⁄ ⁄ / \ \ \ / ⁄ ⁄ / ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ / ⁄ ⁄ / ⁄ ⁄ / ? / ⁄ ⁄ / \ \ \ \ \ ? / ⁄ ⁄
21 / Minorca / Be/Gn / Be / Gn / Gn? / Gn / Gn / ? / Gn / Gn [Y]
22 / Rhône Del. (L-ploughshape) / Be/Gn / Go / Be / Be / ? / Be / ? / Be / Be
23 / " + red 'a' of aiguemorte / A / X / a / a / a / a / ? / a / a / a
24 / Rhône Del. (R - 1 or 2 is.) / 2 R / 2 M X
(arrow-heads) / 2 R / 2 R & ? / 2 R / 2 Go / 2 R / 2 Go / 2 / 2 Go [R]
25 / Corsica (col. Edging/Wash) / Be/Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Be (E) / Be? (E) / Gn (E) / Be (E) / Be? (E) / Be (E) / Be (E)
26 / Sardinia (col. Edging/Wash) / Br (E) / M (E) / M (E) / Pi? (E) / X / R (E) / Pi (E) / Pi (E) / Pi (E) [M,Br]
27 / Sicily (col. Edging/Wash) / Be/Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / X / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) / Gn (E) [Y]
28 / Malta / Go? / Go / Go / Go / R? / Go / Go / Go / Go
29 / Gozo / R / M / R / R / R / R / R / R / R
IONIAN ISLANDS / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / * 1563 ↓ * / ---
30 / corfu (Kerkyra) / Br? / Go / R / R / R / Go / Go? / Go / Go? / Go [R]
31 / Paxos (Cross / ' I ' / ' K ') / Br? (Cr) / M (?) / ? (Cr) / R? (?) / R (Cr) / R (Cr) / R (Cr) / R (Cr) / R (Cr) / R (Cr)
32 / sca maura (Lefkada) / Be/Gn / ? / Gn / Gn / Br? / Go / ? / Go / Go? / Gn [Y]
33 / ithaca (Ithaki) / R / M / R / R / R / Gn / R / R / R / R
34 / cefalonia (Kefallonia) / Be/Gn / Be / Be / Be / Be? / Be / Be / Be / Be / Be
35 / jacinto (Zakynthos/Zante) / R / M / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / R
AEGEAN / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
36 / stalimene (Limnos) / Be/Gn / M / Be / Be / Be? / Be / Be / Be / Be +Label / Be
" / " ['lollipop' projections] / ü (5) / ü (3) / ü (6) / ü (4) / ü (4) / ü (5) / ü (5?) / ü (3) / ü (5) / ü (5)
37 / metali (Lesbos) + Label / Pi (+Label) / Be / Go +Label / X / X / R +Label / Gn? / M +Label / M +Label / M, Br, Pi
+Label
38 / sio (Chios) +Label or red cross / ? (+Label) / Go / Gn
+Label / Gn
+Label / Gn? / Gn
+Label / ? / Gn
+Label / R cross on Go? / Go [Gn]
+Label
39 / schiro (Skyros) / R / Go / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / R
40 / rhodes + cross Label / R+W / Pi+ Go / R+W / Y + R / R+Bk? / R+W / R+Go? / R+W / R+Go? / R+W or Bk
Author / Location / PARMA, Bib. Pal.
II, 29, 1621 / ROTTERDAM
Mar. Mus. Engelbrecht Coll. / TURIN
Bib. Reale / FREDUCCI, C.di O.
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bib., Cod. Guelf 99 / BENINCASA, Andrea
Vatican, Borgia VIII / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
New York, Hispanic,
K 14 / FREDUCCI, C. di O.
London, British Lib.
Add. 10132, f.2 / DALOLMO, Rocco
Siena, Bib. Com. S.V.1 / FREDUCCI, Angelo
Greenwich, NMM
P/36(A-B) / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
London, British Lib.
Egerton. 2856 / SIDERI (CALLAPODA)
Venice, Marciana
It.IV.148 (5451) / BENINCASA
habitual
forms
Date / --- / --- / --- / 1497 / 1508 / 1537 / 1538 / 1542 / 1555 / 1562 / 1563
Atlas or chart / atlas (4 sheets) / atlas (8) / chart (frag.) / chart / chart / atlas (5) / atlas (5) / chart / atlas (9) / atlas (15) / atlas (10)
Pujades / Campbell 'Census' / Pujades A42; Census101 / Census E6 / Census E4 / Census 39 / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---
BLACK SEA / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
DANUBE DELTA: / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
41 / large islands (no./ colour) / X / X / X / X / X / X / X / 4 X / X / X
42 / small islands (no./ colour) / 1 Gn? / 1 Be? / 1 R / 1 R / 1 Be? / 1 Go / 1 ? / 1 Go / 1 Go / 1 Gn [Go]
DNIPRO ESTUARY: / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
43 / 2 thin islands (east/west):
Tendrovskaya Kosa (?) / PiPi? / MBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe / BeBe
44 / small island to east of that:
Os. Dzharylgach (?) / R / Br? / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / R
45 / large i'd to west (porto bo) +Label / Pi? / M / Gn / ? / X / X / Go + Label / X / M / M, [Br, Pi]
46 / smaller island to east of that / Be/Gn / Go / R / R / ? / Go / R / Go / X / Gn, [M,Go]
EAST COAST: / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
47 / faxio/fasso (Enguri estuary) Circle / SPanner-head / Diamond / etc / R (SP) / X (SP) / R (SP) / X (SP) / R (SP) / Gn?
(SP) / R (SP) / R (SP) / Go (SP) / R (SP)
NILE DELTA / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / ---- / ---- / --- / ---- / --- / ---
48 / west island (single, large) / } Br / } M / } M / } Pi? / } X? / } R / } M / } X / } M / } Gn, [Y]
49 / middle island (separate) / } / } / } / } / } / } / } / } / } / }
50 / east island(s) - no./colour) / Gn / Go / Be / Be / Gn / Be / Be / 2 X / Be / Be
51 / " + red 'da'/ 'd' of damiata / extra D / X / d / d / d / d / d? / d / d / d
The square-bracketed entries in the final column indicate occasional use by Benincasa
Colour scans used
[for bibliographical details of the facsimiles mentioned below, see: http://www.maphistory.info/portolanchapter.html#post1500 ; for online scans see: http://www.maphistory.info/LaterChartsTable.doc ]
· The details of the Parma atlas are from the DVD accompanying Pujades (2007). Note that the blue and green are indistinguishable on the Parma atlas - Campbell 'Census' no.101
· Rotterdam: scans kindly provided by the Maritime Museum - see for more information: http://www.maphistory.info/portolanextra.html#E6
· Turin, Biblioteca Reale - see: http://www.maphistory.info/portolanextra.html#E4
[On the three works above - the only ones, of those for which a Benincasan authorship has been suggested, that could be analysed - see
'Benincasa, his successors and imitators' - http://www.maphistory.info/benincasa.html#successors ]
· 1497 Freducci: Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bib., Cod. Guelf 99
· 1508 Andrea Benincasa, chart in the Vatican (partial coverage) - http://medieval.library.nd.edu/facsimiles/facsintro/smap.html (with some additions kindly added by Richard L. Pflederer who had access to the facsimile)
· 1537 Freducci, 5-sheet atlas: Stevenson (1915). NB. The colour distinctions may not be reliable, e.g. brown/gold, red/mauve
· 1538 Freducci, 5-sheet atlas: British Library, Add. MS 10132 [just the British Isles and Atlantic sheet] - http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/unvbrit/p/001add000010132u00002000.html [see also the equivalent coverage in the other 5-sheet Freducci atlas: British Library, Add. MS 22348 - http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/unvbrit/p/001add000022348u00005000.html
· 1542 Rocco Dalolmo: Siena, Biblioteca Comunale, S.V.1 [stylistically similar, though no evidence that he was a successor]
· 1555 Freducci: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich - http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/search/listResults.cfm?category=90170&maker=F&sortBy=title
· 1562 Sideri (Callapoda), 15-sheet atlas: British Library, Egerton MS 2856 [just the British Isles and Atlantic sheet] -
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/unvbrit/p/001ege000002856u00008vrb.html
· 1563 Sideri (Callapoda): Tolias (1999) pl.20-21 (omitting the central Mediterranean). For that section the black & white image in Nordenskiöld Periplus pl.25 was consulted, supplemented, for the Canaries, from the 1537 Callapoda atlas (Tolias, pl.8) since the illustration from the 1563 atlas is here uncoloured (Tolias, p.52).
No adequate reproductions could be found for two works by Grazioso's son Andrea: his five-sheet atlas of 1476 in Geneva (Bib. Pub. et Univ., MS Lat.81 - Census 130) and a chart of 1490 in Ancona (Census 59), now reduced to a fragment because of war damage.
The Pujades DVD includes a scan of the chart in the Hispanic Society, New York, K15 (C73 = Campbell Census 149). Requested by mistake, this offers a view of the type of Venetian chart from the end of the 15th or early 16th century that is rarely reproduced. However, it did not seem helpful to include it here.