Chapter 7: the Muscular System

Chapter 7: The Muscular System

1. / Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
A) / excitability
B) / elasticity
C) / contractility
D) / extensibility
E) / reversibility
2. / Connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi is called
A) / perimysium.
B) / endomysium.
C) / fascia.
D) / fasciculi.
E) / microfibrils.
3. / Muscle myofibrils
A) / contain actin and myosin myofilaments.
B) / extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other.
C) / contain sarcomeres joined end to end.
D) / have all of these properties.
E) / have the properties of contain actin and myosin myofilaments and extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other only.
4. / The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the
A) / fasciculus.
B) / fiber.
C) / myofibril.
D) / sarcomere.
E) / actin myofilament.
5. / Actin myofilaments
A) / resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
B) / are attached to Z lines at one end.
C) / form the I band where actin overlaps with myosin myofilaments.
D) / form the epimysium.
E) / have all of these characteristics.
6. / Each sarcomere
A) / extends from one Z line to the next Z line.
B) / has a light-colored H zone in the center.
C) / contains parts of two I bands and a single A band.
D) / contains overlapping actin and myosin myofilaments.
E) / has all of these characteristics.
7. / The resting membrane potential
A) / occurs when the outside of the cell membrane is negatively charged.
B) / is reversed in sign when sodium ions rush out of the cell.
C) / will be changed if the membrane permeability to one or more ions is selectively altered.
D) / is reestablished by depolarization after an action potential.
E) / only occurs when the cytosol has a net negative charge.
8. / Acetylcholine
A) / is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.
B) / is broken down by acetylcholinesterase.
C) / binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
D) / causes an influx of sodium ions into the muscle cell when bound to its receptor.
E) / has all of these characteristics.
9. / A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a
A) / neuromuscular junction.
B) / synaptic cleft.
C) / motor unit.
D) / synapse.
E) / presynaptic terminal.
10. / In a neuromuscular junction,
A) / the presynaptic terminal is separated from the postsynaptic terminal by the synaptic cleft.
B) / the presynaptic terminal contains vesicles filled with sodium ions.
C) / the presynaptic terminal contains receptor molecules for the neurotransmitter.
D) / the neurotransmitter causes an action potential in the presynaptic terminal.
E) / all of these conditions occur.
11. / Given these events:
1. calcium ions move along their concentration gradient
2. action potential in cell membrane
3. opening of ion channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. action potential in T tubules
5. actin to myosin cross-bridges form
Arrange them in the correct sequence as they participate during skeletal muscle contraction:
A) / 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
B) / 1, 5, 4, 3, 2
C) / 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
D) / 2, 1, 5, 3, 4
E) / 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
12. / Calcium ions
A) / bind to myosin myofilaments.
B) / are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum by active transport.
C) / are released from the T tubules by active transport.
D) / provide the energy for muscle contraction.
E) / have both bind to myosin myofilaments and are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum by active transport as normal properties.
13. / ATP
A) / attaches to the myosin myofilaments.
B) / provides energy for the movement of the cross bridges.
C) / is required for muscle relaxation.
D) / releases part of its energy as heat.
E) / has all of these characteristics.
14. / A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches the
A) / tetany.
B) / relaxation level.
C) / rigor mortis level.
D) / threshold level.
E) / recruitment level.
15. / The condition in which a muscle remains contracted between stimuli without relaxing is called
A) / recruitment.
B) / tetanus.
C) / the all-or-none response.
D) / a motor unit.
E) / the lag phase.
16. / The characteristic that allows muscles to have a slow, smooth, sustained contraction is
A) / the all-or-none response.
B) / tetany.
C) / recruitment of motor units.
D) / anaerobic respiration.
E) / rigor mortis.
17. / A high-energy molecule that can be quickly used to produce ATP:
A) / creatine phosphate
B) / glucose
C) / carbon dioxide
D) / lactic acid
E) / water
18. / Anaerobic respiration
A) / is used by all cells during sustained periods of exercise.
B) / produces the most ATP's for each glucose molecule broken down.
C) / produces lactic acid within the muscle.
D) / produces an oxygen debt.
E) / has both produces lactic acid within the muscle and produces an oxygen debt as characteristics.
19. / Which of the following statements about energy requirements for muscle contraction is correct?
A) / ATP synthesis occurs mostly by aerobic respiration during intense periods of exercise.
B) / During short periods of intense exercise, creatine phosphate is used first.
C) / Aerobic exercise is mainly limited by the buildup of lactic acid.
D) / Glucose is a more important energy source than fatty acids during sustained exercise.
E) / All of these are correct statements.
20. / Slow-twitch muscle fibers
A) / are the predominant type of muscle fibers in the upper limbs.
B) / have a richer blood supply than fast twitch fibers, and contain myoglobin.
C) / would be used for activities resulting in (or requiring) anaerobic respiration.
D) / fatigue more easily than fast-twitch fibers.
E) / have all of these characteristics.
21. / Cardiac muscle
A) / is under involuntary control.
B) / has long, cylindrical cells
C) / has many nuclei per cell.
D) / has no striations.
E) / has all of these characteristics.
22. / Smooth muscle
A) / has no distinct sarcomeres.
B) / contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle.
C) / may be autorhythmic.
D) / does not develop an oxygen debt.
E) / has all of these characteristics.
23. / Which of the following characteristics would establish conclusively that muscle tissue being examined was skeletal muscle tissue?
A) / several nuclei per cell.
B) / striations present.
C) / contracts spontaneously.
D) / intercalated disks present.
E) / under involuntary control.
24. / The biceps brachii muscle and the triceps brachii muscle
A) / are synergists.
B) / are antagonists.
C) / both flex the forearm.
D) / are both antagonists and flexors of the forearm.
E) / are both synergists and flexors of the forearm.
25. / If someone winks at you, they are using their
A) / zygomaticus muscles.
B) / occipitofrontalis muscle.
C) / orbicularis oculi.
D) / depressor anguli oris.
E) / orbicularis oris.
26. / Which of the following muscles are involved in "puckering up" to kiss someone?
A) / orbicularis oris
B) / buccinator
C) / zygomaticus major
D) / Both orbicularis oris and buccinator are required to “pucker up.”
E) / Both buccinator and zygomaticus major are required to “pucker up.”
27. / Muscles of mastication include
A) / the masseter.
B) / the hyoid muscles.
C) / the pharyngeal constrictors.
D) / the temporalis.
E) / both the masseter and the temporalis.
28. / Which of the following muscles are used to elevate the larynx?
A) / the masseter
B) / the soft palate muscles.
C) / the hyoid muscles.
D) / the pharyngeal constrictors.
E) / the sternocleidomastoid.
29. / The primary muscle(s) responsible for elevating the ribs during inspiration is(are)
A) / the diaphragm.
B) / the external intercostals.
C) / the rectus abdominis.
D) / the internal intercostals.
E) / the erector spinae.
30. / A muscle located on either side of the linea alba, which flexes the waist and is crossed by tendinous intersections is the
A) / transversus abdominis.
B) / external intercostal.
C) / external abdominal oblique.
D) / rectus abdominis.
E) / erector spinae.
31. / Which of these muscles is NOT a fixator of the scapula?
A) / latissimus dorsi
B) / trapezius
C) / levator scapulae
D) / serratus anterior
E) / pectoralis minor
32. / The major abductor of the upper limb is the
A) / trapezius.
B) / latissimus dorsi.
C) / deltoid.
D) / pectoralis major.
E) / biceps brachii.
33. / The anterior forearm muscles
A) / extend the wrist and fingers.
B) / are called intrinsic hand muscles.
C) / flex the wrist and fingers.
D) / supinate the forearm.
E) / perform both flexion and supination at the wrist.
34. / The anterior hip muscle that flexes the thigh is the
A) / iliopsoas.
B) / gluteus medius.
C) / tensor fascia latae.
D) / gluteus maximus.
E) / entire gluteal group.
35. / The hip muscle commonly used as a site for injections is the
A) / gluteus maximus.
B) / gluteus medius.
C) / iliopsoas.
D) / tensor fascia latae.
E) / hamstring muscles.
36. / An anterior thigh muscle that extends the leg is the
A) / sartorius.
B) / quadriceps femoris.
C) / hamstring group.
D) / adductor group.
E) / iliopsoas.
37. / A superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is the
A) / tibialis anterior.
B) / peroneus.
C) / gastrocnemius.
D) / plantar fascia.
E) / hanstring group.
38. / Mary Thon, a long-distance runner, asks her coach why it is so difficult to have a "finishing kick" (sprinting the last hundred yards to the finish line). Her coach should reply:
A) / sprinting requires large amounts of oxygen, and she doesn't have much available at that point.
B) / there is no physiological reason why the finishing kick should be difficult.
C) / sprinting requires fatty acids, which are likely to be gone at that point.
D) / anaerobic activities like sprinting are limited by available glucose and rate of buildup of lactic acid.
E) / she has already built up an oxygen debt from too much aerobic exercise.
39. / Most types of nerve gas exert their effect by inactivating acetylcholinesterase. One of the antidotes for nerve gas is atropine, which is also a poison. Although it may seem strange to have one poison counteract the effects of another poison, which of the following suggestions might be accurate for the effect that atropine has on the neuromuscular junction?
A) / atropine increases the production of acetylcholine in the synaptic vesicles.
B) / atropine increases the release of acetylcholine across the synaptic cleft.
C) / atropine increases the number of receptor sites for acetylcholine on the muscle cell membrane.
D) / atropine attaches to receptor sites for acetylcholine on the muscle cell membrane.
E) / atropine increases both the release of acetylcholine and the number of available receptor sites.
40. / Musk L. Bound, a world-class weight lifter, had some muscle tissue from his gastrocnemius muscle analyzed microscopically. Which of the following results would be most likely?
A) / a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, large muscle mass
B) / a high percentage of fast-twitch fibers, large muscle mass
C) / a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, greatly increased vascularity
D) / a high percentage of fast-twitch fibers, greatly increased vascularity
E) / a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, high myoglobin content
41. / "Pull-ups" are easier to do with the hands supinated than with the hands pronated. An explanation for this is
A) / the biceps brachii is attached to the radial tuberosity.
B) / the biceps brachii supinates the forearm.
C) / if the forearm is pronated, the biceps brachii is ineffective in flexing the forearm.
D) / the brachialis is a much smaller muscle than the biceps brachii.
E) / All of these contribute to a full and proper explanation.
42. / Carl Daver, your anatomy and physiology instructor, is conducting a field trip, and notices a dog approaching a fire hydrant Always alert to instructional opportunities, he excitedly says, "Now watch as the dog utilizes his _____ and _____ muscles to lift his leg."
A) / iliopsoas, gluteus medius
B) / gluteus maximus, tensor fascia latae
C) / gluteus maximus, adductor longus
D) / iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris
E) / gluteus medius, adductor longus
43. / The ______is the lowest level of organization that is composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin proteins.
A) / myofilament
B) / myofibril
C) / muscle fiber
D) / muscle fasciculus
E) / whole skeletal muscle
44. / The ______is attached to bones via tendons.
A) / myofilament
B) / myofibril
C) / muscle fiber
D) / muscle fasciculus
E) / whole skeletal muscle
45. / The ______is composed of a group of myofilaments separated by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
A) / myofilament
B) / myofibril
C) / muscle fiber
D) / muscle fasciculus
E) / whole skeletal muscle
46. / The ______is a group of muscle cells surrounded by perimysium.
A) / myofilament
B) / myofibril
C) / muscle fiber
D) / muscle fasciculus
E) / whole skeletal muscle
47. / A ______is a single muscle cell.
A) / myofilament
B) / myofibril
C) / muscle fiber
D) / muscle fasciculus
E) / whole skeletal muscle
48. / Muscles that work together to cause movement are called
A) / origins
B) / insertions
C) / agonists
D) / antagonists
E) / prime movers
49. / The ______is a muscle in a group that plays a major role in a desired movement.
A) / origin
B) / insertion
C) / agonist
D) / antagonist
E) / prime mover
50. / The ______is the most stationary end of a muscle.
A) / origin
B) / insertion
C) / agonist
D) / antagonist
E) / prime mover
51. / The muscle that works in opposition to another muscle is the
A) / origin
B) / insertion
C) / agonist
D) / antagonist
E) / prime mover
52. / The ______is the end of a muscle attached to a bone undergoing the greatest movement.
A) / origin
B) / insertion
C) / agonist
D) / antagonist
E) / prime mover
53. / All of the following are functions of muscle EXCEPT:
A) / Body movement
B) / Production of red blood cells
C) / Constriction of organs and vessels
D) / Maintenance of posture
E) / Production of body heat
54. / The specific molecules that provide calcium binding sites on actin are ______molecules.
A) / troponin
B) / tropomyosin
C) / titin
D) / myosin
55. / The ______consists of only actin myofilaments.
A) / A band
B) / I band
C) / H zone
D) / M line
E) / Z disk
56. / The ______is the smooth ER of a muscle fiber and stores calcium ions.
A) / sarcolemma
B) / sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) / sarcomere
D) / sarcoplasm
E) / T tubules
Ans:B
Difficulty:Easy
Type:Knowledge
57. / The ______phase is the time between the application of a stimulus and the beginning of a contraction.
A) / lag
B) / relaxation
C) / contraction
D) / refractory
Ans:A
Difficulty:Easy
Type:Knowledge
58. / In ______contraction the amount of tension increases during contraction, but the length of the muscle does not change.
A) / concentric
B) / eccentric
C) / isotonic
D) / isometric
59. / This figure illustrates a(n) ______molecule.
A) / titin
B) / myosin
C) / actin
D) / tubulin
60. / The letter A in this figure represents
A) / titin
B) / myosin
C) / tropomyosin
D) / tubulin
E) / troponin
61. / The letter A in this figure represents
A) / the A band
B) / the M line
C) / a sarcomere
D) / the I band
E) / a Z disk
62. / The letter B in this figure points to
A) / the A band
B) / the M line
C) / a sarcomere
D) / the I band
E) / a Z disk
63. / The letter A in this figure represents the
A) / action potential
B) / synaptic vesicles
C) / acetylcholine molecules
D) / synaptic cleft
E) / sodium ions
64. / The letter B in this figure represents
A) / action potential
B) / synaptic vesicles
C) / acetylcholine molecules
D) / synaptic cleft
E) / sodium ions
65. / The muscle designated by the letter A is the
A) / buccinator
B) / masseter
C) / orbicularis oculi
D) / temporalis
E) / orbicularis oris
66. / The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for retracting the angle of the mouth and flattening the cheek.
A) / letter A
B) / letter B
C) / letter C
D) / letter D
E) / letter E
67. / The muscle designated by the letter A is the
A) / levator scapulae
B) / rhomboids
C) / supraspinatus
D) / teres major
E) / latissiums dorsi
68. / Which of the rotator cuff muscles CANNOT be visualized on the figure?
A) / teres major
B) / subscapularis
C) / teres minor
D) / supraspinatus
E) / infraspinatus
69. / The muscle designated by the letter A is the
A) / tensor fascia latae
B) / sartorius
C) / iliopsoas
D) / gracilis
E) / rectus femoris
70. / The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for flexing the hip and knee and laterally rotating the thigh.
A) / letter A
B) / letter B
C) / letter C
D) / letter D
E) / letter E
71. / The muscle designated by the letter A is the
A) / soleus
B) / gastrocnemius
C) / fibularis longus
D) / tibialis anterior
E) / extensor digitorum longus
72. / The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
A) / letter A
B) / letter B
C) / letter C
D) / letter D
E) / letter E

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