IPHY 3700, Scientific Writing in Integrative Physiology
3 Ways to Organize Reference Lists
Each journal and publisher sets its own rules for handling references and citations. Below are the three basic schemes. #1 is exactly APA style. For convenience in this handout, the items listed in #2 and #3 are formatted the same as in APA style, within each item. Remember that there are many varieties of rules for formatting as well (also set by the journal or publisher).
#1: alphabetically by first author, without numbers:
Hemila, H. (1996). Vitamin C and common cold incidence: A review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. International Journal of Sports Medicine 17, 379-383.
Peters, E.M. (1997). Exercise, immunology and upper respiratory tract infections. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18, S69-S77.
Swain, R.A., & Kaplan, B. (1998). Upper respiratory infections: Treatment selection for active patients. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 26, 85-96.
Citation in text looks like:
Athletes can take Vitamin C without violating UOC rules (Swain & Kaplan, 1998).
#2: numbered, in the order used in the paper:
1 Swain, R.A., & Kaplan, B. (1998). Upper respiratory infections: Treatment selection for active patients. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 26, 85-96.
2 Hemila, H. (1996). Vitamin C and common cold incidence: A review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. International Journal of Sports Medicine 17, 379-383.
3 Peters, E.M. (1997). Exercise, immunology and upper respiratory tract infections. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18, S69-S77.
Citation in text looks like:
Athletes can take Vitamin C without violating UOC rules.1
#3: alphabetically and numbered:
1 Hemila, H. (1996). Vitamin C and common cold incidence: A review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. International Journal of Sports Medicine 17, 379-383.
2 Peters, E.M. (1997). Exercise, immunology and upper respiratory tract infections. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18, S69-S77.
3 Swain, R.A., & Kaplan, B. (1998). Upper respiratory infections: Treatment selection for active patients. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 26, 85-96.
Citation in text looks like:
Athletes can take Vitamin C without violating UOC rules.3