Biology 1 First Semester Exam Review
2. hypothesis
3. observations, questions, hypothesis, controlled experiment, analysis of results, conclusions
4. experiment
5. dependent, independent
6. theory
7. scientific theory
8. safety
10. protons, neutrons, electrons
11. atom
12. atoms
15. polar molecule
16. because water is polar and oil is nonpolar
17. because different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges
18. <7, >7, 7
19. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
21. as cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases
22. prokaryotes: no nucleus, no organelles (except ribosomes); eukaryotes: nucleus with nuclear membrane, organelles
23. DNA
24. organelle
26. sun
29. photosynthesis
30. nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups
31. can be made in one place and “spent” in another
32. 6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2
33. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20
34. 12
35. reflects green light
36. oxygen
37. provides high energy electrons to store energy in organic molecules
38. cellular respiration
39. 2,2,2,36-38
40. circular
41. The basic double helix wraps tightly around histones like thread around a spool. Further coiling also takes place.
43. G1
44. interphase
47. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
48. asexual reproduction
49. asexual
51. XY, XX
53. 46, 23
54. because males have 1 X and 1Y chromosome. If the X chromosome fertilizes the egg = girl, If the Y chromosome fertilizes the egg = boy
57. crossing over
58. heredity
59. Gregor Mendel
60. dominant
63. AA, aa, Aa
65. test cross
66. AA, Aa
67. caused harmless bacteria to be transformed into deadly bacteria
68. DNA was responsible for transformation
69. DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in cells
70. nucleotides
71. nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group
73. see chart p. 217
74. A=T; C=G
75. builta model of double helix structure of DNA
77. helicases
78. to create maps showing where genes are located on human chromosomes
81. genetic engineering, human proteins
82. duplicate of 79
84. totipotent
85. Restriction
86. pair up and join with any other DNA fragments cut by the same restriction enzyme
88. Southern blot
89. DNA fingerprinting and friction ridges (fingerprints)